Intracranial involvement in multiple myeloma patients takes up around 1%, and is usually known to be present in the parietal bone or skull base in cases of skull vault involvement, while it presents in the dura and parenchyma in cases of intracranial involvement. Primary pachymeningeal invasion is even rarer with extremely rapid progression and very poor prognosis. It is our intent to report a case in which we had to differentiate multiple myeloma with other metastatic tumors, lymphoma, and leukemia with intracranial involvement. Our patient showed an osteolytic lesion of the skull with dural involvement and subdural mass formations.
Humans ; Leukemia ; Lymphoma ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Parietal Bone ; Prognosis ; Skull ; Skull Base

Gastrointestinal (GI) fistulae are defined as an abnormal communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the skin and/or the epithelial surface of an adjacent viscus. GI fistulae are the most feared complications caused by a variety of medical conditions including abdominal surgery, inflammatory bowel disease, abscess, radiation, or trauma. The management of GI fistulae is complex and requires a detailed, stepwise approach to achieve successful closure. The ultimate goal of management is to re-establish the continuity of the GI tract, while limiting the morbidity and mortality. Interventional radiology can play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of GI fistulae. In this article, we review the clinical and radiologic features and interventional treatment of GI fistulae.

It is essential to identify the causative artery in case of active intra-abdominal or gastrointestinal bleeding. A thorough understanding of the basic arterial anatomy is required to identify the causative artery on contrast-enhanced CT angiography and conventional catheter angiography. If one is familiar with the basic arterial anatomy, obtaining access to the bleeding artery will be easier, despite the variations in the origin and course of the vessels. We describe the basic arterial anatomy that will help beginners in diagnostic radiology to identify the blood vessels that can cause active intra-abdominal or gastrointestinal bleeding.