Purpose: : The purposes of this study were to examine the relationships between knowledge, awareness, safe environment, and performance of standard precautions and identify factors associated with performance of standard precautions.
Methods: : This study was a descriptive research. A structured questionnaire on knowledge, awareness, safe environment, and performance of standard precautions was used for the survey with a convenience sample of 150 caregivers. Data were collected from July to August 2019 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 25.0 program.
Results: : The mean scores on knowledge, awareness, safe environment, and performance of standard precautions were 15.77±3.34, 7.35±1.91, 4.55±2.05, and 55.20±10.11 respectively. Performance of standard precautions showed a statistically significant positive correlation with knowledge (r=.54, p<.001), awareness (r=.54, p<.001), and safe environment (r=.50, p<.001). Awareness (β=.24, p=.025) and safe environment (β=.35, p<.001) were significantly associated with factors of performance of standard precautions. Also, education level (high school and above college), affiliated institution (private association), and importance of infection control education (moderate) were significantly associated with factors of performance of standard precautions.
Conclusion : The results of the study indicate that factors influencing the performance of standard precautions of caregivers were awareness and safe environment. Therefore, to improve implementation of the standard precautions among caregivers, a safe environment within the hospital must be supported, and appropriate infection management education needs to be provided to caregivers to improve their knowledge and awareness of the standard precautions.

The expression of caveolin-1 and -2 in the retina was examined; Western blot analysis showed that both were present. Immunohistochemistry indicated that caveolin-1 was expressed in the majority of retinal layers, including the ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, outer plexiform layer, and in the vascular endothelial cells of the retina. Caveolin-2 was primarily immunostained in the vessels, but in a few other elements as well. This is the first demonstration of caveolin differential expression in the retina of rats, and suggests that caveolin plays an important role in signal transduction in glial cells and neuronal cells.
Animals ; Caveolin 1/*analysis/immunology ; Caveolin 2/*analysis/immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retina/*chemistry

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common entrapment neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist. Although symptoms and signs of CTS are widely known, it is often difficult to make a correct diagnosis. A clinical examination, electrophysiological studies, and ultrasonographic evaluation have similar sensitivities and specificities, and combining them improves diagnostic yield. However, evidence about the optimal treatment has not been well established. We review the clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for CTS.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Diagnosis ; Median Nerve ; Neural Conduction ; Ultrasonography ; Wrist

Acute sensorimotor polyneuropathy that resembles Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is rarely accompanied with nephrotic syndrome, and its underlying immunological mechanisms are unclear. A 56-year-old man presented with simultaneous acute progressive symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy and proteinuria. A kidney biopsy revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Serial electrophysiologic studies showed only a transient proximal conduction block in the median nerve, stimulated somatosensory evoked potential and prolonged terminal latencies of the median and peroneal nerves. The patient's neurologic deficits and kidney dysfunction recovered with corticosteroid treatment. Our case showed that somatosensory evoked potential study can be an important objective tool in the diagnosis of acute polyneuropathy with normal distal nerve conduction and that corticosteroids should be considered in the initial treatment of GBS-resembling polyneuropathy associated with nephrotic syndrome.
Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrotic Syndrome/*diagnosis/*physiopathology ; Polyneuropathies/*diagnosis/*physiopathology

Parry-Romberg syndrome is a rare acquired disease of unknown etiology that is classically characterized by progressive atrophy of the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and underlying bone structures. Eyelid myokymia is a disorder of involuntary, fine, continuous, undulating muscle fiber contractions, which is seen as a rippling of the overlying periorbital area. We report a patient with Parry-Romberg syndrome presenting eyelid myokymia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the differences between the patient's and physicians' views of the effects of internet health information on the physician-patient relationship. METHODS: An online survey was carried out with 25 items developed by revising the questionnaire of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising to accommodate the internet health information. The respondents were 671 patients who were active participants in online patient communities and 493 physicians who were the professors of medical schools and practicing physicians. RESULTS: Most of the patients were positive toward the Internet Health Information saying that it gives them advice from a doctor with self-confidence, allows them to follow their doctor's directions well, obtain more medical treatment after retrieving the information, etc. In contrast, physicians perceived that the internet health information may have variety of negative effects, such as increasing the healthcare cost, unnecessary clinic visits and undermining of the doctor-patient relationship. There were significant differences in the perspectives between the physicians and patients. CONCLUSION: It will be necessary to ensure experts provide internet health information, which will have beneficial effects on the quality of care, physician-patient relationship, and health service utilization.
Ambulatory Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Dietary Sucrose ; Health Care Costs ; Health Services ; Humans ; Internet ; Schools, Medical

No abstract available.
Ageusia* ; Humans ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Thymoma

No abstract available.
Leg* ; Porphyria, Acute Intermittent* ; Porphyrias

Background: and Purpose We performed a population-based study to determine the prevalence and incidence of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) in South Korea using data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database. Methods: Data recorded in the HIRA database between January 2016 and December 2020 were analyzed. The inclusion criteria in this study for patients with CIDP were a diagnostic code of G61.8 in the seventh and eighth revision of the Korean Standard Classification of Disease and a >3-month history of oral immunosuppressant use. The age-adjusted incidence rate and prevalence of CIDP in South Korea were also analyzed. Results: CIDP was newly diagnosed in 953 patients during the study period. The mean age at diagnosis was 58.36 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.74. The age-adjusted incidence rates were 0.22, 0.21, 0.23, 0.30, and 0.25 per 100,000 person-years in 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. The age-adjusted prevalence was estimated at 1.16 per 100,000 persons in 2020. Age and the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index were associated with the in-hospital mortality of patients with CIDP. Infection and cardiovascular disease (CVD) were also significantly associated with the in-hospital mortality of those patients. Acute-onset CIDP was initially diagnosed in an estimated 101 out of 953 patients with CIDP. Conclusions The prevalence and incidence rates of CIDP in South Korea were comparable between this nationwide cohort study and previous studies. Common comorbidities such as CVD and diabetes should be appropriately monitored in patients with CIDP to prevent a poor prognosis and socioeconomic burden.