OBJECTIVES: Some emotional components, such as self-esteem, depression and anxiety, have been reported to be associated with paranoia in non-clinical population and schizophrenia patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between self-esteem and paranoia in healthy controls, in ultra-high risk for psychosis and schizophrenia patients. METHODS: 34 subjects with recent onset schizophrenia, 36 subjects with ultra-high risk for psychosis, and 44 healthy volunteers participated in this study. A detailed assessment was made of the paranoia, self-esteem, depression, and anxiety. RESULTS: In all three groups, there were a negative correlation between paranoia and self-esteem, and positive correlations between paranoia and depression and anxiety. In healthy control, lower self-esteem showed a trend to predict higher paranoia, and in ultra-high risk for psychosis, this trend tern on statistically significant level, and in recent onset schizophrenia group, this correlation was disappeared. CONCLUSION: The individual who have lower self-esteem showed higher paranoia tendency under delusional level, but after formation of persecutory delusion, the tendency was disappeared. This result supports the hypothesis that persecutory delusions are a defense against negative affective process.
Animals ; Anxiety ; Charadriiformes ; Delusions ; Depression ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Paranoid Disorders* ; Psychotic Disorders* ; Schizophrenia*

No abstract available.
Helicobacter pylori* ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic*

No abstract available.
Helicobacter pylori* ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic*

The purpose of this study was to estimate the daily intake of vitamin A in Korean female university students. Vitamin A intake was estimated using an inconsecutive 3-day dietary intake survey from 481 young women. Vitamin A intake values were calculated based on the data in USDA database. Average age, height, and weight of the subjects were 20.05 years, 162.13 cm and 54.38 kg, respectively. The subject's average intake of energy was 1645.67 kcal. The mean vitamin A, retinol and beta carotene intakes were 908.35 +/- 863.18 ug retinol equivalent/day, 199.19 +/- 166.00 ug/day and 3872.59 +/- 4972.17 ug/day, respectively. The 21.83% of the subjects consumed less than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for vitamin A. And subjects consumed 141.69% of the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for vitamin A. Food groups consumed with high vitamin A content in our subjects included vegetables (423.96 ug RE/day), potato and starches (213.64 ug RE/day), cereals (62.60 ug RE/day), eggs (55.17 ug RE/day) and milks (53.45 ug RE/day). The major food sources of vitamin A were sweet potato, carrot, spinach, egg, and cereal, and the top 30 foods provided 89.57% of total vitamin A. Also animal-derived food provided 9.65% of the vitamin A intake from the top 30 foods. In conclusion, judging from RNI, the vitamin A intake of the Korean female university students in this study was generally adequate. The result of our study may be used as a basis for follow-up studies of vitamin A intake like assessment of vitamin A nutritional status or evaluation of carotenoid food sources in Korean young women.
beta Carotene ; Carotenoids ; Edible Grain ; Daucus carota ; Eggs ; Female ; Humans ; Ipomoea batatas ; Milk ; Nutritional Status ; Ovum ; Solanum tuberosum ; Spinacia oleracea ; Starch ; United States Department of Agriculture ; Vegetables ; Vitamin A ; Vitamins

In order to study the development of fungal keratitis in wearing of the soft contact lenses contaminated with fungus in various conditions of the cornea, we contaminated the soft contact lenses with Candida albicans, and then placed them on the corneas in rabbits. The rabbits were divided into 4 groups(each 8 eyes). In group 1, dexamethasone was injected subconjunctivally once a day for 4 days and the corneal epithelium was removed 7mm in diameter. In group 2, dexamethasone was injected subconjunctivally once a day for 4 days without removal of the corneal epithelium. In group 3, the corneal epithelium was removed 7mm in diameter without subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone. In group 4, normal corneas were used as a control. The corneas were observed daily with slit-lamp. After 10 days, the infected corneas were examined with light microscope. Keratitis was developed in 5 eyes in group 1(5/8), 3 eyes in group 2(3/8), 2 eyes in group 3(2/8). But keratitis was not developed in group 4. Light microscopic examination showed active invasion of C, albicans forming pseudohyphae into the cornea associated with severe inflammation in group 1 and 2, but it showed mild inflammation and only a small number of C, albicans in the superficial cornea in group 3. In this study, it was found that immunosuppressed and de-epithelialized corneas are susceptible to C, albicans.
Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic* ; Cornea ; Dexamethasone ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Fungi ; Inflammation ; Keratitis* ; Rabbits

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the risk of metabolic factors in adults consuming 3-in-1 coffee from the 2012~2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS: A total of 5,872 subjects (male = 2,253, female = 3,619) aged 19~64 yrs were presented with food frequency questionnaires, and they were classified according to coffee consumption level and types of coffee consumed (black coffee, ≤1 time/day of 3-in-1 coffee, > 1 and ≤2 times/day of 3-in-1 coffee, > 2 times/day of 3-in-1 coffee). Analysis was conducted by gender for age-stratified groups: 19~39 (male = 968 and female = 1,285) and 40~64 (male = 1,468, female = 2,151) yrs old. RESULTS: Black coffee consumption was associated with a significantly higher education level and household income compared to 3-in-1 coffee consumption in both males and females. The > 2 times/day group had significantly more smokers compared to other patterns of coffee consumption in both males and females. In the 40~64 yrs age group, males and females in the > 2 times/day group had significantly lower density of micronutrients such as fiber, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus,and potassium compared with black coffee consumption. In the 40~64 yrs age group, males (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.13~3.64) in the > 2 times/day group were at a higher risk of metabolic syndrome compared with black coffee consumption after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSION: We found that frequency of 3-in-1 coffee consumption may be associated with prevalence of metabolic syndrome in males aged 40~64 yrs.
Adult* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Coffee* ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Micronutrients ; Niacin ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Potassium ; Prevalence

Viru-Merz® ointment,1% tromantadine hydrochloride, is a topical antiviral agent used for recurrent herpes simplex. There are many reported cases of contact dermatitis by tromantadine.But erythema multiforme-like eruptions in association with Viru-Merz® Ointment has not been reported. A 31-year-old woman, who applied Viru-Merz® ointment for a recurrent herpes simplex labialis, developed an allergic contact dermatitis. Erythema multiforme like eruptions with typical target feature followed around the eczematous lesions on the face, and spread progressively on the neck and trunk. A patch test revealed positive reaction to Viru-Merz® ointment.
Adult ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Erythema Multiforme* ; Erythema* ; Female ; Herpes Simplex ; Humans ; Neck ; Patch Tests

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate nutrition intake and diet quality according to carbonated drink consumption in male adolescents (middle-school students = 480, high-school students = 417). METHODS: We analyzed data from the combined 2007~2009 KNHANES (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Subjects were divided into two groups, the LCDI (low carbonated drink intake (< 1 time/week), n = 362) group and the HCDI (high carbonated drink intake (> or = 1 time/week), n = 535) group, according to carbonated beverage consumption. Nutrient and food group intake, NAR (nutrient adequacy ratio), and MAR (mean adequacy ratio) were analyzed using data from the 24-recall method. RESULTS: Intake of plant protein, vitamin C, plant calcium, phosphorous, and potassium was significantly lower in the HCDI group, compared with the LCDI group. Percent of RNI (recommended nutrient intake) of vitamin C and phosphorous was significantly lower in the HCDI group, compared with the LCDI group. Percentage of subjects who consumed under EAR (estimated average requirement) of protein and vitamin C was significantly higher in the HCDI group, compared with the LCDI group. The NAR of phosphorous was significantly lower in the HCDI group, compared with the LCDI group. Food intakes from potato and starches, pulses and vegetables were significantly lower in the HCDI group, compared with the LCDI group. CONCLUSION: Consumption of carbonated drinks decreased the diet quality, including calcium, potassium, protein, and vitamin C. Therefore, nutrition education relating to consumption of carbonated drinks is required for male adolescents in order to maintain healthy dietary habits.
Adolescent* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Carbon* ; Carbonated Beverages* ; Diet ; Ear ; Education ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Male* ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Nutritional Status* ; Plants ; Potassium ; Solanum tuberosum ; Starch ; Vegetables

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between instant noodle intake and metabolic factors in Korean adults. METHODS: Study subjects were 5,894 (male 2,293, female 3,601) aged 19~64 years who participated in the 2013~2014 KNHANES. Information on frequency and consumption of instant noodles was obtained by the food frequency questionnaires method in KNHANES (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), and subjects were classified according to age, sex, and instant noodle consumption (INC). RESULTS: The frequency and consumption of instant noodles was 1.2 times/week and 1.2 servings in subjects. High INC group (≥ 1 serving/week) was significantly younger in age compared with the low INC group (< 1 serving/week). However, the high INC group had significantly higher waist circumference, metabolic factors (triglyceride, cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol), and dietary intake (energy intake, fat, and sodium density) compared with the low INC group. Hyperglycemia showed association with higher risk of highest quartile of INC after adjustments for multiple confounding factors, including age, gender, household income, education, smoking, and alcohol compared with the lowest quartile (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.8). In female, abdominal obesity showed association with higher risk of highest quartile of INC after adjustments for multiple confounding factors compared with the lowest quartile (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2-2.2). CONCLUSION: Consumption of instant noodles was associated with increased prevalence of abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia in women. These findings suggest an association of instant noodle consumption status with metabolic risk
Adult ; Cholesterol ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Korea* ; Methods ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sodium ; Waist Circumference

No abstract available.
Prostate* ; Testis*