No abstract available.
Granuloma* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous*

Recently, we have encountered an increasing number of patients who have obtained topical steroids to self-treat various dermatosis. Tinea incognito has been used to describe a dermatophyte infection modified by corticosteroid treatment. Lesions are often atypical appearing and the diagnosis can be delayed or missed. We report a case of tinea incognito with ill-defined erythematous patch and nodules on the right upper eyelid and taken intermittently application with corticosteroid ointment over a period of l year. Mycologic studies including KOH mount and fungus culture were positive for hyphae and colonies of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The lesion was treated with of itraconazole and cured 3 weeks later.
Arthrodermataceae ; Diagnosis ; Eyelids ; Fungi ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Itraconazole ; Skin Diseases ; Steroids ; Tinea* ; Trichophyton*

BACKGROUND: It is known that HLA molecule can restrict specific IgE responses, but few studies have documented the association between HLA and sensitization to house dust mite(HDM). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a specific HLA type can be a risk or protective factor for the development of HDM sensitivity. METHOD: Total 146 subjects were genotyped for HLA-DRB1 using PCR-SSP technique and HDM sensitivity, determined by skin prick test using two mite allergens, D. pteronyssinus (Dp) and D. farinae (Df). Subjects were grouped according to Dp or Df sensitivity and linkage analysis between HDM sensitivity and HLA-DRB1 genotype was performed. RESULTS: The data revealed higher allele frequencies of DRB1*07 in Dp or Df sensitive groups compared to insensitive groups (11.6% vs. 2.6% in Dp, 11.5% vs. 3.3% in Df group, p<0.05), but the other allele frequencies showed no difference. CONCLUSION: There was a significant association between HLA-DRB1*07 genotype and HDM sensitization. These results indicate that antigen presentation by HLA class II molecule restricts the development of specific IgE response to HDM.
Allergens ; Antigen Presentation ; Dust* ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype* ; HLA-DRB1 Chains* ; Immunoglobulin E ; Mites ; Pyroglyphidae* ; Skin

PURPOSE: To compare MRI appearance between plicae syndrome and normal plicae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 60 cases of arthroscopically-confirmed plicae syndrome and 18 of arthroscopically-proven normal plicae were retrospectively analyzed. Sagittal T2-weighted MR images in all cases and MPGR(200) in 37 cases of plicae syndrome were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: On the basis of operatingresults, we observed 55 medial plicae, eight combined medial and suprapatellar plicae, four suprapatellar plicae,and one lateral plica. T2-weighted sagittal MR scans of the 60 cases demonstrated 37 medial plicae, 8 suprapatellar and one lateral plica. Joint effusion was found in 26 cases of 55 medial plicae. In T2-weighted sagittal MR scans, the identification of medial plicae was superior in the presence of joint effusion than its absence(plicae syndrome, p < 0.001 ; normal plicae group, p < 0.05). Medial plicae were well demonstrated onMPGR(200) axial images; on T2-weighted sagittal MR scans, they could be more frequently identified in the plicae syndrome group than in the normal control group(p < 0.001). Plicae syndrome-associated pathology included degenerative change of the articular cartilage of the medial femoral condyle in eight cases(14.5%), discoidmeniscus in nine(16.4%), lateral meniscus tear in 12(21.8%), medial meniscus tear in 21(38.1%), anterior cruciate ligament tear in three(5.5%), medial collateral ligament tear and osteochondritis dissecans in one case. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that synovial plicae were well demonstrated in T2-weighted sagittal images, particularly on the presence of joint effusion. Medial plicae could be more frequently identified in the plicae syndrome group than in the normal control group, especially on T2-weighted sagittal MR scans.
Cartilage, Articular ; Collateral Ligaments ; Humans ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Menisci, Tibial ; Osteochondritis Dissecans ; Pathology

BACKGROUND: Increased IgE antibody responses to inhalant allergens and bronchial hyperresponsiveness are important phenotypes in development of asthma. Although heredity reported to be important in expression of these phenotypes in twin and family studies, genetic factor(s) controlling these phenotypes is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether genetic factor in chromosome 11q13 may control the expression of IgE responses to common inhalant allergens and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, linkage analysis between these phenotypes and gene marker of chromosome 11q13 was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The phenotyping and genotyping using microsatellite marker (D11S97) were performed in 77 probands with bronchial asthma and 80 their sibs. The linkage analysis between these phenotypes and the genotype was evaluated by affected or quantitative trait locus (QTL) sib-pair analysis. RESULTS: Positive skin test responses to inhalant allergens were 55/77(71.4%) in probands and 44/79(55.6%) in sibs, respectively. Positive bronchial provocation test responses to methacholine were 27/61(44.3%) in sibs, geometric mean of PC20-methacholine were 5.2 mg/ ml in probands and 39.4 mg/ml in sibs, respectively, and slope of dose response curve(mean+- SE, %/mg/ml) were 11.3 +- 3.22 in probands and 1.97 +- 0.5 in sibs, respectively. Of 34 sib-pairs with positive skin test responses to allergens, two D11S97 alleles were shared by 21(61.8% ) sib -pairs, one allele by 11(32.3% ) sib-pairs, and no identical allele by two(5.9% ) sib-pairs. In affected sib-pairs, sharing rate of the alleles was 77.9%, which indicates linkage of the phenotype and genotype(p<0.001). Of 25 sib-pairs with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, two D11S97 alleles were shared by seven(28%) sib-pairs, one allele by 11(44%) sib-pairs, and no identical allele by seven(28% ) sib-pairs. In affected sib-pairs, sharing rate of the alleles was 50%, which indicates no linkage between the phenotype and genotype(p) 0.05). Differences of geometric value(mean +- SE) of PC-methacholine and slope of dose response curve(mean +- SE, %/mg/ml) were 1.11+- 0.17 and 8.33+- 3.35 in sib-pairs sharing two alleles, respectively, 0.99 +- 0.14 and 14.27+-5.75 in sib-pairs sharing one allele, respectively, and 0.57+-0.13 and 3.64+-1.62 in sib-pairs sharing no allele, respectively. There was no difference of the above values among the three groups. CONCLUSION: The expression of skin reactivity to common inhalant allergens was linked to gene marker of chromosome 11q13, not with bronchial responsiveness to methacholine.
Alleles ; Allergens* ; Antibody Formation ; Asthma ; Bronchial Provocation Tests ; Child* ; Genotype ; Heredity ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Methacholine Chloride ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phenotype ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Skin Tests ; Skin*

No abstract available.
Thorax*

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical features of seizures in breastfed children with vitamin D deficient rickets. METHODS: Seventeen children, breastfed and diagnosed as vitamin D deficient rickets at Inha University Hospital from January 2000 to July 2010, were retrospectively investigated. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the presence/absence of seizures. Demographic and biochemical results were compared and statistically analyzed between the two groups, and the relative risk for seizure occurrence was estimated. Clinical features of seizures were also analyzed. RESULTS: Out of the 17 subjects, nine patients (53.0%) had seizures, while eight patients (47.0%) did not. The mean age for the two groups were 4.1+/-2.0 months and 9.3+/-2.7 months, respectively, which was statistically different between the two groups (P<0.0001). Serum calcium (Ca) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) levels were significantly lower in the 'seizure' group (5.7+/-1.0 vs. 9.5+/-0.9 mg/dL, P<0.0001; 5.7+/-0.8 vs. 15.3+/-4.2 IU/L, P<0.0001). The relative risk for seizure occurrence was 8 times higher in hypocalcemia and 17 times higher in 25-OHD3<8 ng/mL. Seizures occurred several times as generalized or focal types, but none of them developed epilepsy nor showed developmental abnormalities later on. CONCLUSION: Seizures in breastfed children with vitamin D deficiency rickets are mainly due to hypocalcemia, which is affected by 25-OHD3 levels. Seizures may also occur more frequently in children in the stages of rapid growth. Although seizures occurred multiple times, future outcomes were favorable. Further large-scaled prospective studies are required in the future.
Breast Feeding ; Calcifediol ; Calcium ; Child ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Retrospective Studies ; Rickets ; Seizures ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D Deficiency

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Milk Hypersensitivity* ; Milk*

BACKGROUND: Familial aggregation of the phenotypes can be caused by common environmental and genetic factors, but there has been no family study on familial aggregation of the bronchial asthma, and genetic role of atopy and bronchial responsiveness in the development of asthma in Korean families. OBJECTIVE: We did family study to evaluate the familial aggregation of bronchial asthma, and the genetic role of atopy and bronchial responsiveness in the development of asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Questionnaire, serum total IgE level, skin prick test with 10 common aeroallergens, and bronchial responsiveness to methacholine were performed in 154 parents of atopic asthmatics, 72 parents of atopic control, and 65 parents of non-atopic control. RESULTS: Bronchial asthma was more prevalent in parents of atopic asthmatics(7.1% ) than in parents of non-atopic control(0% ). Geometric mean of serum total IgE level was not different among parents of atopic asthmatics, atopic control, and non-atopic control(2.03+0.06, 2.10 +0.07, and 1.89 +0.09 IU/ml). Positive rates of skin prick test to 10 common aeroallergens were more prevalent in parents of atopic asthmatics(43.0% ) and atopic control(43.0% ) than in parents of non-atopic control(27.8%). Prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine was more prevalent in parents of atopic asthmatics(17.0% ) than in parents of atopic control(7.2%) and non-atopic control(1.5%), and slope of dose-response curve was more increased in parents of atopic asthmatics(11.0+ 1.5) than in parents of atopic control and non-atopic control(4.8+ 0.7 and 3.0+ 0.5). CONCLUSION: Bronchial asthma runs in Korean families, and genetic role of atopy and bronchial responsiveness may be important in the development of asthma.
Asthma* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Methacholine Chloride ; Parents ; Phenotype ; Prevalence ; Skin ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: It is known that total serum IgE levels closely corrleate with prevaience of asthma regardless of atopic status. Although heredity is reported to be important in expression of total serum IgE in twin studies, genetic factor controlling this phenotype is controversial. Objective .' To evaluate whether genetic factor in chromosome 1 1q13 may control the expression of tatal serum IgE level, linkage analysis between this phenotype and gene marker of chromosome 11q13 was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Total serum IgE level and the genotype of chromosome 11q13 with microsatellite marker (D11597) was determined in 73 probands of asthmatic chiMren and 76 their sibs. Statistical significance of linkage was evaluated by affected and quantitative trait locus (QTL) sib-pair analysis. RESULT: In 20 affected sib-pairs with total serum IgE level higher than 305 IU/ml (geometric mean plus two folds SD in 53 normal controls), two D11S97 alleles were shared by ten sib-pairs, one allele by nine sib-pairs, and no allele by one sib-pairs. Sharing rate of the alleles in affect,ed sib-pairs, was 72.5%, which indicates linkage of the phenotype and genotype (x=4. 27, p=0.03). In 35 sib-pairs with total serum IgE level higher than 170 IU/ml (geometric mean plus one fold SD in 53 normal controls), two D11S97 alleles were shared by 16 sib-pairs, one allele by 15 sib-pairs, and no allele by four sib-pairs. The shar ing rate of the alleles in affected sibpairs, was 67.1%, which indicates linkage of the phenotype and the genotype(x=4. 24, p=0.03). Difference of geometric value of total serum IgE levels between probands and their sibs wa,s smaller in 32 sib-pairs sharing two alleles than in 32 those sharing one allele and 12 those with no identical allele (0.45+0.07 vs. 0.52+0.07 vs. 0.89 +0.21). CONCLUSION: The expression of total serum IgE level was linked to gene marker of chromosome 11q13.
Alleles ; Asthma ; Child* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Genotype ; Heredity ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phenotype ; Quantitative Trait Loci