In tiis study, an expenmental model of glaucoma filtering surgery in rabblts was used to evaluate the effect of single intraoperative application of Mitomycin Full-thickness filtering surgery, posterior lip sclerectomy, was performed after application of 0.5mg/ml Mitomycin-soaked Week-Cel(TM) sponge for 5 minutes in one eye of 15 pigmented rabbits and was irrigated copiously with balanced salt solution(BSS(TM)). The same procedure was done in the contralateral eye as a control, using BSS(TM). In Mitomycin-treated group, the filtering blebs were more prominent with sparse vascular tissues and were maintained through postoperative 8 weeks or more. Histologically, there loas was amount of inflammatory reactions in Mitomycin-treated group. The fibroblastic activity and proliferations of the collagen were also suppessed markedly in Mitomycin-treated group. These results suggest that a single intraoperative application of Mitomycin can be used adjunctively to improve the success rate of glaucoma filtering surgery.
Blister ; Collagen ; Fibroblasts ; Filtering Surgery* ; Glaucoma ; Lip ; Loa ; Mitomycin* ; Porifera ; Rabbits

Morphometric variables of the corneal endothelial cells and central corneal thickness were evaluated in 12 neovascular glaucoma eyes and 12 normal contralateral eyes. Cell area and density was 611.50 micrometer2, 2,065 cells/mm2 respectively in neovasualar glauloma eyes and 441.33 micrometer2, 2,313cells/mm2 respectively in normal contralateral eyes and there were no significant diffeernce between two groups (p>O.1). Hexagonality was 55.69% in neovascular glaucoma eyes and 62.01 % in normal contralateral eyes and the decrease in hexagonality in the former was statistically significant (P0.05). It can be concluded that neovascular glaucoma induces morphological changes of the corneal endothelial cens which might bring corneal edema.
Corneal Edema ; Endothelial Cells* ; Glaucoma, Neovascular*

Morphometric variables of the corneal endothelial cells and central corneal thickness were evaluated in 12 neovascular glaucoma eyes and 12 normal contralateral eyes. Cell area and density was 611.50 micrometer2, 2,065 cells/mm2 respectively in neovasualar glauloma eyes and 441.33 micrometer2, 2,313cells/mm2 respectively in normal contralateral eyes and there were no significant diffeernce between two groups (p>O.1). Hexagonality was 55.69% in neovascular glaucoma eyes and 62.01 % in normal contralateral eyes and the decrease in hexagonality in the former was statistically significant (P0.05). It can be concluded that neovascular glaucoma induces morphological changes of the corneal endothelial cens which might bring corneal edema.
Corneal Edema ; Endothelial Cells* ; Glaucoma, Neovascular*

Intraocular metastasis of metastatic carcinoma is relatively rare, although it is the most common malignancy affecting the eye. Choroid is the most commonly involved site, whereas iris is involved very infrequently. The most common primary tumor of the intraocular metastasis is the breast cancer in total and lung cancer in men.To our knowledge, intraocular metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma has not reported in Korea. We experienced two lung cancer patients who had developed a metastaticlesion to the iris and choroid,so we report these with the review of related literatures.
Adenocarcinoma ; Breast Neoplasms ; Choroid ; Humans ; Iris ; Korea ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a common retinal vascular disorder, and it has been suggested to occur by the occlusion of the sclerotic central retinal vein by thrombo- sis in the lamina cribrosa. Various systemic and local conditions have been considered to be predisposing factors to the development of CRVO, and it has been reported that CRVO occurs more frequently in hypermetropic small eyes. We studied on several factors such as age, refractive error, axial length and the association with systemic diseases in 32 eyes of unilateral CRVO. In the CRVO group,the mean axial length of the affected eyes was 23.13 +/-0.99 mm in males and 22.64 +/-0.63 mm in females. That of the unaffected eyes was 23.36 +/-1.17 mm in males and 22.64 +/-0.53 mm in females, the differences were statistically insignificant in males and females (p=0.250,p=0.496). The mean axial length of normal comparison eyes was 23.81 +/-0.73 mm in males and 23.07 +/-0.69 mm in females. The differences between the mean axial lengths of both eyes with unilateral CRVO and that of normal comparison eyes were statistically significant in males and females (p<0.05). In conclusion,the short axial length may play as an important related factor in the development of CRVO.
Causality ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Refractive Errors ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde

Senile entropion is caused by following pathophysiology: 1) Dehiscence or disinsertion of lower lid retractors from lower tarsus, 2) Preseptal orbicularis overriding pretarsal orbicularis, 3) Horizontal lid laxity from involutional changes of medial canthal ligament, lateral canthal ligament and tarsal plate, 4) Relative enophthalmos from absorption of orbital fat. There have been numerous procedures to correct senile entropion, but lack of adequate correction of all of the underlying anatomic defects resulted in high recurrence rate. Authors performed a combined procedure including the reinsertion of disinserted or dehisced lower lid retractor to lower tarsus, the excision of overriding preseptal orbicularis, and the correction of the lower lid laxity using lateral tarsal strip procedure all at once Among 11 cases of 10 patients, 10 cases had cosmetically and functionally good lid position during the mean follow up periods of 13.4 months. There was one case of ectropion as a complication which was corrected by further lateral tarsal strip procedure.
Absorption ; Ankle ; Collateral Ligaments ; Ectropion ; Enophthalmos ; Entropion* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Orbit ; Recurrence

Sebaceous epithelioma is a relatively rare tumor, mostly occuring in the face or scalp. The histogenesis and clinical and pathological features of sebaceous epithelioma have not been clearly defined, and a few other diagnostic terms have been used so far instead of sebaceous epithelioma. Two cases of sebacous epitheliomas were presented. No recurrence or metastasis was observed in our cases, so sebaceous epithelioma is considered to be a benign tumor. A brief review of the literature, concerned about the biological behavior, histogenesis and pathological findings of the sebaceous epithelioma, was made.
Neoplasm Metastasis

The authors performed vertical transposition of the horizontal rectus muscles during monocular recession-resection surgery to correct the comitant vertical deviation associated with the horizontal strabismus. When the eye was hypertropic, infratransposition of horizontal rectus muscles was performed and when the eye was hypotropic, supratransposition of the insertions of the horizontal muscles was performed. For vertical strabisumus with 4 delta-12 delta(mean 7.7 delta) angle deviation, each medial and lateral rectus muscles were vertically transposed 2mm-4.5mm(mean 3.1mm) in 51 eyes. Fourty four eyes(86.3%) were vertically aligned, 4 eyes(7.8%) were undercorrected, and 3 eyes(5.9%) were overcorrected with 19.1 months of follow-up periods in average. By one millimeter vertical transposition of horizontal recti, vertical deviation was corrected by 1.21 delta in average. The vertical transposition of horizontal recti can be an effective method for correcting vertical deviation associated with horizontal strabismus not associated with any cyclovertical muscle dysfunction.
Follow-Up Studies ; Muscles* ; Strabismus*

The authors performed vertical transposition of the horizontal rectus muscles during monocular recession-resection surgery to correct the comitant vertical deviation associated with the horizontal strabismus. When the eye was hypertropic, infratransposition of horizontal rectus muscles was performed and when the eye was hypotropic, supratransposition of the insertions of the horizontal muscles was performed. For vertical strabisumus with 4 delta-12 delta(mean 7.7 delta) angle deviation, each medial and lateral rectus muscles were vertically transposed 2mm-4.5mm(mean 3.1mm) in 51 eyes. Fourty four eyes(86.3%) were vertically aligned, 4 eyes(7.8%) were undercorrected, and 3 eyes(5.9%) were overcorrected with 19.1 months of follow-up periods in average. By one millimeter vertical transposition of horizontal recti, vertical deviation was corrected by 1.21 delta in average. The vertical transposition of horizontal recti can be an effective method for correcting vertical deviation associated with horizontal strabismus not associated with any cyclovertical muscle dysfunction.
Follow-Up Studies ; Muscles* ; Strabismus*

BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that adolescent smokers are increasing in Korea, an effective smoking cessation program is not widely available. The purpose of the present study was to develop and evaluate a short term smoking cessation program. METHODS: The subjects involved in the smoking cessation program were 89 students from 9 different middle and high schools located in Seoul. They were referred to our program by their school teacher as a penalty for smoking in school. The duration of the program was a total of 270 minutes and the program was carried out in 3 sessions during a period of one week. The program included cigarette related experiments and life skills enhancement training, such as self-assertiveness, cigarette refusal skills and self esteem enhancement. The students considered to be smoke free at the end of the program were those who declared themselves to be smoke free and achieved an expiratory CO level of less than 8 ppm. The stage of smoking cessation was also assessed at the beginning to later evaluate if any progress in stage had occurred. Certification was given to those who succeeded in meeting the smoke free criteria. The students who were not able to meet the smoke free criteria were given the certification only under the condition that they achieve a level of expiratory CO measurement close th that of a nonsmoker's. RESULTS: Eighty seven students out of the 89 received the certification and 90.7% had attempted smoking cessation during the program. 39.1% Among, met the smoke free criteria used in this study. There was a significant difference between those who declared to be smoke free (54.1%) on the questionnaire and those who actually met the smoke free criteria. There was an average of a 0.75 stage advancement in terms of the stage of smoking cessation (P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The program yielded high smoking cessation attempt and cessation rate in spite of the short duration of the program.
Adolescent* ; Certification ; Disulfiram ; Humans ; Korea ; Self Concept ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products ; Tobacco Use Cessation