OBJECTIVES: The present study proposed to evaluate 1st-month and 3rd-month health status, depression, self-efficacy and medical expenses of a community-based health promotive self-management program for old Koreans. METHOD: Participants in the CDSMP were selected from elders in a community health center through convenient sampling. The program included a 3-hour session per week for 14 weeks. Outcomes of evaluation in the 1st month and the 3rd month included modified Self-rated Health Status Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale, Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-item Scale, and 1-item Medical Expenses Scale. RESULTS: Self-rate health scores increased significantly just after the intervention (16.22), in the 1st month (17.57) and in the 3rd month (19.04) (chi2=32.06, p=.000); Depression scores (reversed) also increased significantly just after the intervention (6.04), in the 1st month (7.75) and in the 3rd month (8.39) (chi2=29.92, p=.000); Self-efficacy score increased significantly just after intervention (12.87) but it decreased in the 1st month (12.73) and in the 3rd month (12.04). But all of the three scores were still higher than those before the intervention (8.65) (chi2=32.42, p=.000): Medical expense score decreased at the end of the intervention (1.57) but the cost score increased in the 1st month (2.48) and in the 3rd month (2.39) (chi2=7.81, p=.050). CONCLUSION: CDSMP is effective in increasing self-rate health and self-efficacy and in decreasing depression in the Korean elderly. However, no significant effect of the program was observed in decreasing the medical cost of the Korean elderly.
Aged* ; Chronic Disease* ; Community Health Centers ; Depression ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Self Care*

PURPOSE: Sasang constitutional medicine is Korea's creative medical science, that has attracted public attention. But for lack of indices in objectifying constitutions, there are difficulties for most of health professionals in approaching Sasang medicine. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of clinical diagnostic data according to the type of Sasang constitution. METHOD: The subjects were 195 examinees who had a general health check-up at A hospital. The instrument used for this study were Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution Class II(QSCCII) program for personal computer developed by Kim Sun Ho et al. RESULT: The distribution of constitutions of the subjects were the So-eum 46.7%, the Tae-eum 36.9% and the So-yang 16.4%. The level of body composition- related indices(body weight, obesity) of the Tae-eum were significantly higher than those of other constitutions. In heart-related indices, systolic BP were the highest in the Tae-eum. In liver-related indices, the level of triglyceride, SGPT were significantly higher in the Tae-eum. But the hematologic indices and lung-related indices were not showed significantly difference among any constitutions. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that there were significant difference of clinical diagnostic data according to Sasang constitutions, especially in the Tae-eum. So, to understand the human nature of nursing clients, nurses need to apply the oriental based medical theory, like Sasang constitution, to the discipline of nursing.
Alanine Transaminase ; Classification* ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; Health Occupations ; Human Characteristics ; Microcomputers ; Nursing ; Solar System ; Triglycerides ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Computer-Assisted Instruction(CAI) improved the possibility of individualized learning by enhancing the learning efficacy related to the apptitude, competency, speed and perceptual style of each learner. The reason that I introduced the computer in teaching and learning process is based on the assumption that individual differences can be minimized by applying CAI. This has special meaning because in the current teaching and learning system we can not consider the individual differences of learners. Considering the importance of developing individualized learning program, the course of electrophysiology and pathology of K that requires typical memorization and repetition is made as a purpose to increase the efficacy of learning and thus improve the quality of nursing curriculum.
Curriculum ; Electrophysiology ; Individuality ; Learning ; Nursing ; Pathology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and test a hypothetical model which explains health behavior adherence in elderly people with prehypertension. The model was based on self-determination theory (SDT). METHODS: Data were collected from June 21 to July 15, 2010, using self-report questionnaires. The participants were 140 elders with prehypertension who lived in D Metropolitan City. Collected data were analyzed using PASW 18.0 for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis and AMOS 5.0 for covariance structure analysis. RESULTS: It appeared that the overall fit index was good with a chi2 score of 13.23 (p<0.05), GFI of 0.97, AGFI of 0.79 and RMR of 0.28 in the modified model. The results revealed that significant main effects of both health provider's autonomy support and autonomous motivations were found on the measure of health behavior adherence. These factors explained 72% of variance in the participants, health behavior adherence. CONCLUSION: The overall findings may provide useful assistance in developing effective motivation-enhanced programs for health behavior adherence.
Aged ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Prehypertension ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Cardiac Tamponade* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*

A total of 33 patients with infective endocarditis were observed in the Guro and Hye Hwa Hospitals of Korea University Between September, 1981 and Feb, 1987. Among thses patients four patients presented with heart murmur and heart failure and had vegetation like findings observed on the two dimensional echocardiography. But these patients did not have any fever or leukocytosis in the peripheral blood and the repeated blood cultures were negative. They showed the immunologic phenomena of infective endocarditis such as microscopic hematuria in 4 patients, rheumatoid factor in 3 patients, false positive VDRL in one patient. The serum complement was decreased in 2 patients in whom it was checked. We report these 4 patients because we think these patients might be in the clinical stage in which the infecting organism is spontaneously cleared but the immunologic sequelae are remained.
Complement System Proteins ; Echocardiography ; Endocarditis* ; Fever ; Heart Failure ; Heart Murmurs ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukocytosis ; Rheumatoid Factor

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop a measure resilience in nurses. METHODS: Forty preliminary items were extracted from a view of the literature on concept analysis and scale development, and from in-depth interviews with nurses. These items were examined for content validity, reliability and validity. The scale was verified with 496 nurses working in three advanced general hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggido. RESULTS: Factor analysis resulted in the creation of the final scale, which consisted of 30 items that were grouped into 5 factors: dispositional pattern, relational pattern, situational pattern, philosophical pattern and professional pattern. The explanatory variance was 56.25%. The reliability of the scale was Cronbach's alpha = .95. Correlation of the scale with the Korean version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (K-CD-RISC), established its construct and concurrent validity (r=.74, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The resilience scale for nurses was found to have reliability and validity, and as developed in this study reflects nurses' disposition and was confirmed as a basis for developing and evaluating programs to increase nurses' resilience.
Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, General ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seoul

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary exercise test is a useful test for the evaluation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Obese subjects have an increased resting metabolic rate (VO2) compared to non-obese subjects and the increase is more marked during dynamic exercise, which results in the limitation of maximal exercise in obese subjects. In this study, the influence of the obesity and fat distribution on the maximal exercise capacity were evaluated. METHODS: Maximal exercise capacity was represented by maximam maximum oxygen uptake and VO2 max in the cardiopulmonary test. Obesity, total fat content and abdominal obesity(waist to hip ratio, WHR) were measured by bioelectrical impedence method. Total of 42 volunteers(male 22, female 20) were evaluated. RESULTS: 1) Weight to height ratio(mean±SD) was 110%±14.9% in men and 100±11.1% in women. 2) Fat ratio(mean±SD) was 23.3±5.2% in men and 27.55±3.9% in woman. 3) Waist to hip ratio(mean±SD) was 0.85±0.04 in men and 0.8±0.03 in woman. 4) In men, VO2max/min/Kg was negatively correlate with obesity, fat ratio, and abdominal fat distribution. 5) In woman, VO2max/Kg was negatively correlated with obesity and fat ratio, but did not show significant relationship with abdominal fat distribution. CONCLUSION: Obesity was a limiting factor for maximal exercise in both men and women. Abdominal obesity was a limiting factor for maximal exercise in men but its implication to women needs further evaluation.
Abdominal Fat ; Exercise Test* ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Oxygen ; Respiratory System

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge of successful aging for the Korean elderly and to identify the effects of an intervention program on the change of the knowledge. METHOD: Data were collected from 134 elders from 3 schools for the elderly in H City. The Successful Aging Scale was used to collect data and modified CDSMP was applied as the intervention. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA were used. RESULTS: The total score of the knowledge of successful aging among the elderly cohort was 2.44 out of 3, and the scores of the factors making up old age were 2.66 for the success of children, 2.63 for self-control, 2.56 for self-efficacy, and 2.05 for happy marriage. Life satisfaction from the success of children and self-control were strongly correlated(r=0.7036, p=0.000). CONCLUSION: The self-management program brought positive changes to the knowledge of successful aging through the self-control parameter, and although it could not change the degree of knowledge of the overall successful aging among the elderly cohort, the program represents the first Korean nursing intervention focused on self-management techniques needed for successful aging.
Aged ; Aging* ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Marriage ; Nursing ; Self Care*

Branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO), along with central retinal vein occlusion, is second only to diabetic retinopathy as a cause of retinal vascular disease. It has been suggested that eyes with shorter axial length have smaller lamina cribrosa and a narrower scleral canal through which the central retinal vein and artery could pass, causing physical blockage in the vein which predisposes to thrombus formation. The subsequent narrowing of the venous lumen will lead to trubulence. reduced flow, venous stasis and thrombus formation at the level of the arteriovenous crossing. This study was conducted to determine whether there was any difference between the axial lengths of eyes with BRVO and those of control eyes. The axial lengths of the eyes in the group of 37 patients with a unilateral BRVO was compared with those of eyes in the control group. The BRVO group consisted of 23 male and 14 female patients and their mean ages were 61.5+/-7.0 years(51~75years) in male and 63.7+/-7.0 years(52~76years) in female. The control group consisted of 46 male and 28 female patients and their mean ages were 62.5+/-6.5 years(50~73years) in male and 63.9+/-6.1 years(52~75years) in female. The mean axial length of eyes of the BRVO group was 23.08+/-0.57mm(21.92~24.19mm) in male and 22.71+/-0.65mm(21.08~24.00mm) in female. The mean axial length of control eyes was 23.74+/-0.73mm(22.46~25.24mm) in male and 23.18+/-0.81mm(21.62~24.76mm) in female. The difference between the mean axial length of eyes of the BRVO group and that of control eyes was statistically significant(p<0.05). In conclusion, the short axial length may play as a risk factor in the occurrence of a BRVO.
Arteries ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Risk Factors* ; Thrombosis ; Vascular Diseases ; Veins