OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluate the differences in the pedicle screw pull-out strength between an unaugmented screw and a screw augmented by high pressurized PMMA in an embalmed human lumbar cadaveric spine. METHODS: Pedicle screws were inserted in the 50 pedicles of cadaver lumbar spine after measuring the bone mineral density(BMD) of the specimens. The pedicle screw was inserted without augmentation on the left pedicle and with augmentation by a vertebral reconstruction with high pressurized PMMA on the right side. The pedicle screw was inserted before the hardening of bone cement on the right side. A computed tomographic scan was done to evaluate the location of the PMMA and PMMA/ screw interface. After that, a screw pullout strength test was performed. RESULTS: There were positive correlations between the pull-out strength and BMD in the control group (r=0.7339). The average pull-out strength of the augmented group was 168% greater than that of the control group(p<0.05). The pull-out strength of the augmented group was correlated with in the volume of the PMMA. CONCLUSION: A pedicle screw that is augmented with PMMA will provide a more rigid fixation than that of an unaugmented screw, especially in the low BMD group of the specimens.
Cadaver* ; Humans ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Spine

Prader-Willi(PW)syndrome is characterized by obesity, hypotonia, mental retardation, hypogonadism, short stature, excessive eating and characteristic facial appearance. Diabetes mellitus has been considered a component of PW syndrome. Recently this syndrome is caused by the absence of paternally derived genes normally located on chromosome segment 15 q11-q13 or may be the result of maternal uniparental disomy with the absence of paternally derived 15 q11-q13 region. The developement of probes containing segments of DNA from chromosome region 15 q11-q13 provides the oppotunity to confirm the diagnosis of PW syndrome by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH). We experienced a 15-year-old boy of PW syndrome with diabetes mellitus, who revealed mental retardation, hypogonadism, obesity and microdeletion of chromosome 15 q11-q13 comfirmed by FISH.
Adolescent ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Eating ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Intellectual Disability ; Male ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Obesity ; Prader-Willi Syndrome* ; Uniparental Disomy

Incarceration of the gravid uterus is a rare but serious complication of pregnancy. Reported is the case of a gravid 2, para 0, abortus 1 with known uterine subserosal myoma(5.3 x5.5cm sized) 26-year-old woman presented with acute dysuria and urinary retention. The patient was 14 weeks and 3 days pregnant and presented several week history of urinary frequency and sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. Examination revealed a retroflexed uterus with cervical opening pointing toward the anterior abdominal wall. An ultrasound revealed a thin, elongated maternal bladder and a uterus incarcerated between the sacral promontary and the pubis. The incarceration was successfully reduced by tenaculum traction of the cervical posterior lip without surgical intervention and had a normal infant of appropriate weight at term.
Abdominal Wall ; Adult ; Dysuria ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Leiomyoma ; Lip ; Myoma* ; Pregnancy ; Sensation ; Traction ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Retention ; Uterine Retroversion ; Uterus*

In connective tissue diseases, autoantibodies cause pulmonary interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, and patients require treatment with an immunosuppressive agent such as a steroid. Dermatomyositis is an incurable, uncommon form of connective tissue disease that occasionally causes diffuse pulmonary inflammation leading to acute severe respiratory failure. In such cases, the prognosis is very poor despite treatment with high-dose steroid. In the present case, a 46-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea. He was diagnosed with dermatomyositis combined with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) with respiratory failure and underwent treatment with steroid and an immunosuppressive agent, but the COP was not improved. However, the respiratory failure did improve after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, which therefore can be considered a treatment option in cases where steroids and immunosuppressive agents are ineffective.
Autoantibodies ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia* ; Dermatomyositis* ; Dyspnea ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins* ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Inflammation ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Steroids

Boerhaave syndrome is a rare and life-threatening disease that often presents a diagnostic challenge. It is usually confused with critical but more prevalent diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, perforated peptic ulcer, and acute pancreatitis. Boerhaave syndrome is caused by forceful vomiting resulting in a full-thickness tear of the middle or lower esophagus, typically an area of natural narrowing and at the esophagogastric junction and the left atrium. Because of these anatomic sites, hydropneumothorax, hemopneumothorax and pneumopericardium can occur. We report a case of a 48-year-old chronic alcoholic man presenting with abrupt onset of massive bilateral hydropneumothorax. In this case, it was hard to take a medical history from the patient due to sudden respiratory arrest when he arrived at the emergency room. Despite ongoing chest tube drainage, hydropneumothorax didn't improve. Pleural fluid amylase level was increased. Because of the possibility of esophageal rupture, esophagography was performed. As a result of the esophagography, he was diagnosed as Boerhaave syndrome with penumopericardium. If massive hydropneumothorax of unknown cause presents abruptly, boerhaave syndrome should be suspected as one of its causes. We recommend that pleural fluid amylase levels to be checked and if it is elevated, esophagography should be performed immediately.
Alcoholics ; Alcoholism ; Amylases ; Chest Tubes ; Drainage ; Emergencies ; Esophageal Perforation ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Esophagus ; Heart Atria ; Hemopneumothorax ; Humans ; Hydropneumothorax ; Mediastinal Diseases ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; Pancreatitis ; Peptic Ulcer ; Pneumopericardium ; Rupture ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Nipples* ; Paget's Disease, Mammary*

No abstract available.
Thoracoplasty*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the standard locoregional treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Angiogenesis and inflammation play important roles in tumor growth in HCC. In this study, we evaluated the associations between the levels of growth factors and inflammatory markers and clinical prognosis in patients with unresectable HCC treated with TACE. METHODS: The clinical outcomes of 58 HCC patients treated with TACE at the Catholic Medical Centers from January, 2012 to February 2015 were evaluated. Baseline levels of the growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and hepatocyte growth factor and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-17 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were compared with the treatment outcomes. The primary endpoint was time to progression (TTP); the secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS). RESULTS: During the 20.8 months of follow-up, TTP was significantly delayed in patients with low levels of hs-CRP (≤0.15) and IL-17 (≤0.94) and a maximal tumor diameter ≤5 cm (P=0.010, P=0.015, and 0.048, respectively). Patients with HCC with low hs-CRP and IL-17 levels had a longer survival than that of those with high hs-CRP levels and IL-17 (35.1 vs. 22.5 months, P=0.000; 41 vs. 21.8 months, P=0.000, respectively). However, any baseline growth factors were not significantly correlated with TTP and OS. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated IL-17 and hs-CRP may be predictive of a poor outcome in patients with HCC treated with TACE. A better understanding of this relationship will require further investigation of the immune mechanisms underlying tumor progression.
C-Reactive Protein* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Cytokines ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Interleukin-17* ; Interleukins ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Prognosis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Current and primary treatment modality in overactive bladder includes the administration of anticholinergics. The demand for new agents has been rising since anticholinergics have proven to come with many side effects. This study was designed to investigate the effects of ylang-ylang essential oil (YYEO) on the relaxation of urinary bladder muscle in vitro and in vivo. Effects of YYEO were assessed on resting tension, and electrical field stimulation- and various drug-induced contraction in vitro by checking the isometric tension changes of muscle strips and same procedures were repeated in the presence of methylene blue, Nw-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), or N-ethylmaleimide, and in vivo. YYEO decreased significantly the contractility of strips. There was no statistically significant difference between the treated group only with YYEO and the pretreated group with YYEO and methylene blue or L-NAME. When N-ethylmaleimide was employed, there was a statistically significant decrease in the rate of contraction. In vivo studies showed the same results compared with in vitro study. The results of this study indicate that YYEO has a relaxing effect on the bladder, and such mechanism is thought to be brought about by a pathway mediated by c-AMP.
Animals ; *Annonaceae ; Bladder/*drug effects/physiology ; Bladder, Neurogenic/drug therapy ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; In Vitro ; Male ; Muscle Contraction/drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth/drug effects/physiology ; Oils, Volatile/*pharmacology ; Plant Preparations/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is an unusual disease characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of gastrointestinal tract, peripheral eosinophilia, and gastrointestinal symptoms. There are mucosal, muscular, and subserosal types, of which the subserosal type is the rarest. We experienced a 32-year old male patient with the subserosal type of eosinophilic gastroe-nteritis, who was presented with abdominal distension. The ascitic fluid revealed increased eosinophil count. With oral prednisolone, diarrhea and ascites rapidly disappeared and eosinophils in peripheral blood returned to normal. We report this case with a review of relevant literature.
Adult ; Ascites* ; Ascitic Fluid ; Diarrhea ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Gastroenteritis* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Male ; Prednisolone