BACKGROUND: High-frequency jet ventilaion is considered a reliable technique for anesthesia and critical care including respiratory failure but there are adverse reactions such as carbon dioxide retension and dry of respiratory mucosa. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of combined high- frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) and converntional mechanical ventilation (CMV) on the cardiovascular system, arterial blood gases tension and mean airway pressure in 9 Korea mongrel dogs with pulmonary edema induced by oleic acid. METHODS: During CMV with 20 breaths/minute, 10 ml/kg of tidal volume and F1O2 1.0, parameers were evaluated (base line value). When pulmonary edema was developed, HFJV was applied initially with 120 breaths/minute, inspiratory time 30% and driving pressure 40 psi F1O2 1.0 for 60 minutes (control value) and thereafter simultaneous use of CMV was applied with the tidal volume of 10 ml/kg and each respiratory rate 8, 4, 2, 1, 0.5 per minute for 30 minutes. RESULTS: Combined application of HFJV and CMV (above repiratory rate 1 per minute) achieved the improvement of oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination, and Paw was decreased without undesirable effects on cardiovascular system in case of the induced pulmonary edema. CONCUSIONS: From above results we recommanded that HFJV combined with CMV may be a useful method of treatment for respiratory failure.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cardiovascular System ; Critical Care ; Dogs* ; Gases ; High-Frequency Jet Ventilation* ; Korea ; Oleic Acid* ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Respiratory Mucosa ; Respiratory Rate ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the major contributing component of metabolic syndrome (MetS) that results in an elevated small dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C) concentration and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio. METHODS: Four hundred and forty-seven subjects (225 men; 222 women) with MetS were randomly selected from the Korean Metabolic Syndrome Research Initiatives-Seoul cohort study. Age- and sex-matched healthy controls (181 men; 179 women) were also randomly selected from the same cohort. RESULTS: A comparison of the median values of the sdLDL-C concentration between subgroups, divided according to whether subjects met or did not meet the criteria for each MetS component in patients with MetS, revealed a significant difference in the sdLDL-C concentration only between subgroups divided according to whether subjects met or did not meet the triglyceride (TG) criteria (P<0.05 for each gender). The TG level showed a good correlation with sdLDL-C concentration (correlation coefficients [r]=0.543 for men; 0.653 for women) and the sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio (r=0.789 for men; 0.745 for women). Multiple linear regression analyses conducted for the MetS group concordantly identified TG as one of the most significant contributors to sdLDL-C concentration (beta=0.1747+/-0.0105, P<0.0001) and the sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio (beta=6.9518+/-0.3011, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Among five MetS components, only the abnormal TG level was a differentiating factor for sdLDL-C concentration and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio. These results were reproducible in both genders, with or without MetS.
Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Cholesterol, LDL/*blood ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia/*complications/diagnosis ; Linear Models ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/*complications/diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides/blood

No abstract available.
Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy*

Intramuscular hemangiomas are benign vascular lesions of skeletal muscle and constitutes less than 1% of all hemangiomas. Of all intramuscular hemangiomas, 13-25% occur in the head and neck, presenting lesions of enlarging soft tissue mass associated with pain. Usually they do not exhibit cutaneous changes, such as bluish skin discoloration as seen in cutaneous and superficial subcutaneous lesions. Because of their infrequency, deep location and unfamiliar presentation, intramuscular hemangomas are seldom correctly diagnosed clinically. We encountered a case of intramasseteric hemangioma in a 14-year-old female. She presented intermittent painful swelling on the right preauricular area. Sialography showed a multiple calcified lesion of the soft tissue, while CT scan and MRI showed a tumor mass lying in the masseter muscle. Angiography showed blush lesion but no tumor feeding arteries. After 6 months of intra-lesional sclerosing therapy with alcohol, total regression of tumor was obtained. As we experienced in this case, percutaneous sclerotherapy with alcohol could be the first therapeutic alternative.
Adolescent ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Deception ; Female ; Head ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Masseter Muscle ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Neck ; Salivary Gland Calculi* ; Sclerotherapy ; Sialography ; Skin ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Purpose: The aims of study were to identify the main keywords, the network structure, and the main topics of press articles related to nurses that have appeared in media reports. Methods: Data were media articles related to the topic “nurse” reported in 16 central media within a one-year period spanning July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020. Data were collected from the Big Kinds database. A total of 7,800 articles were searched, and 1,038 were used for the final analysis. Text network analysis and topic modeling were performed using NetMiner 4.4. Results: The number of media reports related to nurses increased by 3.86 times after the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak compared to prior. Pre- and post-COVID-19 network characteristics were density 0.002, 0.001; average degree 4.63, 4.92; and average distance 4.25, 4.01, respectively. Four topics were derived before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, respectively. Pre-COVID-19 example topics are “a nurse who committed suicide because she could not withstand the Taewoom at work” andf “a nurse as a perpetrator of a newborn abuse case,” while post-COVID-19 examples are “a nurse as a victim of COVID-19,” “a nurse working with the support of the people,” and “a nurse as a top contributor and a warrior to protect from COVID-19.” Conclusion Topic modeling shows that topics become more positive after the COVID-19 outbreak. Individual nurses and nursing organizations should continuously monitor and conduct further research on nurses’ image.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the main keyword, network structure, and main topics of the national petition related to “nursing” in South Korea. Methods: Data were gathered from petitions related to the national petition in Korea Blue House related to the topic “nursing” or “nurse” from August 17, 2017, to May 9, 2022. A total of 5,154 petitions were searched, and 995 were selected for the final analysis. Text network analysis and topic modeling were analyzed using the Netminer 4.5.0 program. Results: Regarding network characteristics, a density of 0.03, an average degree of 144.483, and an average distance of 1.943 were found. Compared to results of degree centrality and betweenness centrality, keywords such as “work environment,” “nursing university,” “license,” and “education” appeared typically in the eigenvector centrality analysis. Topic modeling derived four topics: (1) “Improving the working environment and dealing with nursing professionals,” (2) “requesting investigation and punishment related to medical accidents,” (3) “requiring clear role regulation and legislation of medical and nonmedical professions,” and (4) “demanding improvement of healthcare-related systems and services.” Conclusion This is the first study to analyze Korea's national petitions in the field of nursing. This study's results confirmed both the internal needs and external demands for nurses in South Korea. Policies and laws that reflect these results should be developed.

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is characterized by the presence of chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, The prevalence of PCOS in premenopausal women of about 5~ 10%. There may be significant ethnic and racial variations in the prevalence and clinical presentation of PCOS. The current study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of PCOS and to identify the clinical characteristics of PCOS in Korea. METHODS: From March 2003 to March 2004, medical students from Ewha Womans University were investigated for the prevalence of PCOS. The evaluation included a history and physical examination, a modified Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score and screening for hyperandrogenemia. PCOS was diagnosed by the presence of the following: 1) oligomenorrhea, 2) hyperandrogenemia and/or hirsutism(a modified Ferriman-Gallwey score> or =6), and 3) the exclusion of related disorders. Hyperandrogenemia was defined as a free testosterone level above the 95th percentile of that for normal cycling nonhirsute women. RESULTS: Out of 492 students, 386 replied to the questionnaire and 203 students(19~31 yr of age) participated in the physical examination and blood sampling. Eumenorrhea without hirsutism was present in 133 students(65.5%), oligomenorrhea was present in 39 students(19.2%), hyperandrogenism was present in 21 students(10.3%) and hirsutism was present in 3(1.5%) of the 203 women. The prevalence of PCOS was 4.9%(10 of 203 students), and only 2 of 10 women with PCOS were hirsute. The mean body mass index of students with PCOS was 22.7+/- 4.3kg/m2, and two women was obese. The plasma insulin levels during the 75g oral glucose tolerance test in women with PCOS was significantly higher when compared to the age and body mass index of the controls. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of PCOS was 4.9% in college students from Seoul. This rate is similar to those rates reported by other investigators in Greece(6.7%) and United States(4%). Obesity and hirsutism are not common in Korean women with PCOS. We are planning to survey a more diverse age groups to determine the prevalence of PCOS
Anovulation ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Hirsutism ; Humans ; Hyperandrogenism ; Insulin ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Obesity ; Oligomenorrhea ; Ovary ; Physical Examination ; Plasma ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Prevalence* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Research Personnel ; Seoul* ; Students, Medical ; Testosterone

The purpose of this study is to present an actual example for procedures for developing a PBL package based on philosophical backgrounds derived from Problem-based learning. To perform a systemic study on the operations of an intergrated curricula under multi-disciplines, a research team made up of several professors with different academic backgrounds was formed. Among the four situations for the patients with perception-adjustment disorder, especially a procedure for the development of PBL package which can be used in the emergency room situation has been proposed. The little(2000)'s PBL package model has been applied for this study. Tha package includes course objectives, learning objectives, concept map, situation scenario, tutor guide, and evaluation method. It is believed that learning objectives achievement procedures designed as a part of a problem-based learning package development procedures for the nursing of patients with perception-adjustment can be achieved at the same level as the learning objectives for the science of nursing founded by the Korean Nurses Association.
Curriculum ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Learning ; Nursing ; Problem-Based Learning*

OBJECTIVE: Low cholesterol is associated with depression among western countries. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between cholesterol and depression in Korean population with low levels of serum cholesterol. METHODS: The data of about 740,000 individuals, aged 30-64 years at entry in the Korean Cancer Prevention Study, were used. Total cholesterol levels were measured in 1992. Depression was measured using the modified DSM-IV (Diagnostic Criteria of Major Depressive Episode in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV) scale. Total cholesterol was classified into four groups (quartile). Odds Ratios of low level of cholesterol were evaluated using multi-variable logistic models. RESULTS: The prevalence of major depression was 7.7% in men and 10.4% in women. After adjustment for various confounding variables, an inverse association was detected between cholesterol levels and depression intensity among men and women. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of the lowest quartile of cholesterol was 1.16 (1.13-1.20) on major depression compared with the highest quartile of cholesterol in men. The corresponding odds ratio among women was 1.09 (1.04-1.15). The strongest association among 9 items of depression was found at "decreased appetite and lost weight" in both men (OR=1.68) and women (OR=1.43). CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol is associated with major depression in men and women. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the cross-validation, to explore the biological mechanism, and to identify the clinical implication.
Appetite ; Cholesterol ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Depression* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence

Hospitals are experiencing an increasing amount of financial difficulty due to government control of hospital rates since national health insurance has been implemented. The decision support system(DSS) was developed to provide cost and revenue information for the services rendered by each department in an effect to reduce costs. This information may be used to identify the causes of financial loss if cost exceeds revenue and to conduct variance analysis or portfolio analysis to improve financial situation of hospitals. The DSS was developed using a micro-mainframe interface approach where the mainframe computer collects and summarizes daily cost and revenue data and the micro computer computes the cost for each department. The significances of this paper are to determine the cost allocation basis and methods which are suitable to Korean situation and to apply DSS technology to the cost analysis.
Computers, Mainframe ; Cost Allocation ; Costs and Cost Analysis* ; National Health Programs