PURPOSE: This study was performed to examine if CT classification of renal blunt injury could aid in expectation of hemodynamic stability and clinical decision of whether to intervene surgically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a 80-month period between July 1987 and March 1994, 41 patients were admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of renal blunt injury. The renal blunt injuries were classified on Fedede's three-point scale CT classification methods :grade I, contusion, intrarenal hematoma, segmental infarction, and small subcapsular hematoma;grade II, complete or incomplete laceration, large subcapsular hematoma, and renal fracture;grade Ill, shattered kidney and renal pedicle injury. Hemodynamic stability, treatment method and clinical outcome of the patients with different CT grade were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: All 34 patients with grade I or II CT findings were hemodynamically stable and were successfully managed with conservative method. Among 7 patients with grade III CT findings, 6 patients were hemodynamically unstable. Out of the 6, One patient with grade IIIb or renal pedicle injury was expired before surgical intervention due to ischemic shock. Four patients were intervened surgically with one failure to thrive. The remaining one patient refused to be intervened surgically, and was discharged against medical advice. Only one out of 7 patients was hemodynamically stable and was managed conservatively. CONCLUSION: The patients with grade I or II CT findings are prone to be hemodynamically stable and to be managed with conservative method. But the patients with grade III CT findings are more likely to be hemodynamically unstable. Therefore patients with grade III CT findings should be closely monitored and be pre- pared for the possibility of immediate surgical intervention
Classification* ; Contusions ; Diagnosis ; Failure to Thrive ; Hematoma ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Infarction ; Kidney ; Lacerations ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to explore the prevalence of and the factors affecting constipation in elementary school students in urban and rural areas. METHODS: Study subjects were 585 grade 5 and 6 students. We conducted self-administered questionnaires during October, 2009. Outcome measure was the prevalence of constipation evaluated by the Rome III Diagnostic criteria for functional constipation. Independent variables were gender, grade, residence, mother's employment status, self-rated health status, number of family members, bowel movement habit, and health behavior (nutrition, exercise, and stress). RESULTS: The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that females, grade 5 students, those with working mothers, and those physically inactive reported having constipation significantly more often. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that the female gender, increasing age, mother's employment status, and physical inactivity were risk factors for constipation in elementary school students. To improve bowel function in children, health education programs and school health promotion programs targeting healthy life habits should be implemented.
Child ; Constipation* ; Employment ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Education ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mothers ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors ; School Health Services ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of sugar reduction, nutrition education, and frequency of snacking in children according to the self-perceived dietary preferences for sweet taste by mothers in Busan. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 277 mothers were surveyed, and their perceptions of sugar reduction and the frequency of snacking in children were assessed using a questionnaire. The subjects were classified into either a sweet (n = 91) or an unsweet (n = 186) group according to their self-perceived preferences for a sweet taste. RESULTS: In the sweet group, the results for sweet products were sweetened ice (86.8%), confectionery (74.7%), processed milk (73.6%), carbonated beverages (71.4%), and fermented milk (53.9%). In the unsweet group, the results were sweetened ice (88.7%), carbonated beverages (78.5%), processed milk (75.8%), confectionery (69.4%), and fermented milk (50.5%). The necessity of sugar intake reduction was high in both groups (sweet = 89.0%, unsweet = 82.8%). Beverage purchases after identifying the nutrition labeling was significantly lower in the sweet group than in the unsweet group (P < 0.05). The reasons for the beverage purchases instead of water were "habitually" (50.5%) and "like sweet taste" (25.3%) in the sweet group (P < 0.01). Snacking in children was significantly higher in the sweet group based on the increased frequencies of carbonated drinks (P < 0.01), fast food (P < 0.001), candy and chocolate (P < 0.05), crackers (P < 0.01), ramen (P < 0.01), and fish paste/hotdogs (P < 0.01). The frequency of purchase education after identifying the nutrition labeling was significantly lower in the sweet group than in the unsweet group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a perception of sugar reduction and practical nutrition education aimed at reducing the sugar intake are necessary to improve dietary habits.
Beverages ; Busan* ; Cacao ; Candy ; Carbonated Beverages ; Child* ; Education* ; Fast Foods ; Food Habits* ; Food Labeling ; Humans ; Ice ; Milk ; Mothers* ; Snacks* ; Water

No abstract available.
Anemia, Hypoplastic, Congenital*

Neonatal sepsis is a major contributing factor for increased mortality and morbidity in the newbron and its successful outcome depends on early detection and prompt institution of an effective antimic robial therapy. Accurate diagnosis of the neonatal septicemia, however, is quite difficult because its early signs and symptoms are rather subtle. This study was conducted in an attempt to search for useful early markers for the clinical entity A total of 224 newborns, over a 17 month pcriod (1/90 5/91), who were evaluated for probable neonatal sepsis were analysed. The laboratory parameters that showed highest correlation with bacteriologically proves sopsis were as follows: Total WBC counts (<5,000/mm), Band/Total ncutrophils(>0.2), elevated ESR(>15mm/hr), CRP(>6ng/ml). Of the 224 study subjects, 41 had two or more parameters of which 12 subjects had positive blood cultures(positive predictive value:29%), only 4 of the 183 newborns who had less than 2 parameters had positive blood cultures(false negative:2%). It is concluded that the presence of two or more of the above parameters can be used as a strong indicator for neonatal sepsis and its sensitivity is 75% while specificity is 86%.
Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mortality ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sepsis*

A clinical analysis of infective endocarditis was done in 34 patients who were admitted to National Medical Center from march. 1972 to June. 1984, and the results were as follows. 1) There was no difference in ratio between sexes. The prevalence was highest in the 3rd decade. 2) The important preexisting heart diseases were rheumatic heart disease(32.4%), congenital heart disease(17.6%) and undefined cardiac condition(20.6%) in order of frequency. 3) The common symptoms and signs on admission were fever(88.3%), cardiac murmur(79.4%), malaise(70.6%), dyspnea (64.7%), palpitation(55.9%) and hepatosplenomegaly(55.9%). 4) The positive blood culture was obtained in 15(47%) of the cases. Those who had not received antibiotics before admission showed higher rate of positive culture(72.7%) than in those who had received(33.3%). 5) The laboratary findings revealed anemia(73.5%), leukocytosis(35.3%), increased ESR(73.5%), microscopic hematuria(61.8%) and positive CRP(100.0%). 6) The EKG findings showed normal(11.8%), sinus tachycardia(32.4%), LV hypertrophy(29.4%), non-specific ST-T change(20.6%) and AV block(14.7%). 7) Vegetation was detected by echocardiography in 43% of cases and the most frequently involved valve was aortic(66.7%). 8) The combination of penicillin and aminoglycoside was effective in 86.4% of patients so treated.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Endocarditis* ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Penicillins ; Prevalence

Breast conserving surgery (BCS) with radiation therapy (RT) has been considered an alternative to a radical mastectomy in the surgical treatment of early breast cancer. Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) can achieve a more favorable cosmetic outcome than a mastectomy in patients with early breast cancer. However, it is widely recognized that RT following BCS is an impediment to improve the cosmetic outcome of a BCT-treated breast. If the local recurrence (LR) rate is acceptable and LR can be controlled with salvage surgery, an appropriate conservative surgical procedure without RT will be a reasonable option for some patients with early breast cancer. Between 1990 and 1996, 60 patients were enrolled in a retrospective study to examine whether or not RT could be avoided following conservative surgery in patients with early breast cancer. There was no significant difference in local recurrence rate between the RT and the non-RT groups (6.3% vs 10.7%). The characteristics of suitable BCS without RT would be negative axillary lymph-node metastasis, low nuclear grade, a 1 cm negative resection margin and no lymphatic vessel involvement. In conclusion, breast-conserving surgery without RT is a reasonable option for some patients with early breast cancer.
Animals ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cicatrix ; Colon* ; Colon, Transverse ; Colorectal Surgery ; Defecation ; Fibrosis ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Humans ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Male ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Radical ; Mastectomy, Segmental* ; Methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rectum ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Swine ; Telangiectasis ; Tensile Strength

No abstract available.
Cholera* ; Korea*

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting glucose level, is a common risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and associated complications. We examined the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Korean women. METHODS: We used data from 10,170 women, aged 30-89 years, who had visited a health examination center at a tertiary care hospital in 2006. The data were studied cross-sectionally. MetS was identified using the modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). CKD was defined as an estimated GFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The multivariable-adjusted (adjustment for age, education, body mass index (BMI), alcohol drinking, smoking, previous coronary heart disease, menopauses and physical inactivity) odds ratio of CKD (95% CI) associated with each component of the metabolic syndrome was calculated using the logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 1,039 participants have MetS. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) of CKD in participants with MetS, hypertriglyceridemia and high blood pressure compared with participants without such factors were 2.68 (95% CI, 1.77-4.06), 1.96 (95% CI, 1.34-2.88), and 2.00 (95% CI, 1.38-2.89). Compared with the participants with no MetS traits, those with one, two, equal to or more than three traits of MetS had OR of CKD of 1.24 (95% CI, 0.75-2.06), 1.56 (95% CI, 0.89-2.75), and 2.18 (95% CI, 1.21-3.93), respectively. CONCLUSION: We found that Korean women with MetS had an increased risk for developing CKD. Finally, earlier identification and management of MetS might improve patient health and prevent progression of CKD.
Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Disease ; Fasting ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Lipoproteins ; Logistic Models ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Odds Ratio ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tertiary Healthcare

The vectorcardiography was performed on 34 cases with PRWP of precordial leads. We have studied the vectorcardiographic finding for the differential diagnosis of disease entities were obtrained; 1) Poor R-Wave progression of precordial leads has simply considered as suggestion of anterior myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, chronic lung disease and normal variant. 2) The sensitivity and specificity of myocardial infarction criteria were 85.8% and 63.0% respectively in left sagittal plane and 85.8% and 66.7% respectively in horizontal plane. 3) The seneitively and specificity of more than 90 QRS-T vector angle in left sagittal plane were 100.0% and 62.5% respectively in ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. 4) The sensitively and specificity of chronic lung disease criteria were 85.7% and 51.9% respectively. 5) Vectorcardiographic study was considered as effective differentiating method for patients with PRWP in EKG.
Diagnosis, Differential* ; Electrocardiography* ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vectorcardiography*