OBJECTIVES: Paranoia is a complex phenomenon, affected by a number of factors such as depression, trait anxiety, and attributional bias in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to explore whether paranoia within continuum of clinical and subclinical states is associated with emotional dysregulation, attributional bias and neurocognitive impairment in whole individuals of normal controls, ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis and schizophrenia. METHODS: 101 normal controls, 50 participants at UHR for psychosis, and 49 schizophrenia patients were recruited. All subjects were asked to complete self-reported paranoia scale and emotional dysregulation scales including Rosenberg's self-esteem, Spielberg's state-trait anxiety inventory and Beck depression inventory. The attributional style was assessed by Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ). Participants were also requested to complete the comprehensive neurocognitive battery. RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that paranoia were found to be associated with emotional dysregulation (state anxiety, trait anxiety and depression), composite blaming bias in ambiguous situation, impairment of attention and working memory in whole participants [F (9, 190)=34.85, p<0.001, adjusted R2=0.61]. CONCLUSION: The main findings suggest that paranoia is a complex affective and cognitive structure that may be associated with emotional dysregulation, blaming bias and attention and working memory impairment in clinical and non-clinical paranoia.
Anxiety ; Bias (Epidemiology)* ; Depression ; Hostility ; Humans ; Intention ; Linear Models ; Memory, Short-Term ; Paranoid Disorders* ; Psychotic Disorders* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Schizophrenia* ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: Angioleiomyoma of the skin is a rare smooth muscle tumor and may develop anywhere in the body. Comprehensive clinicopathological analysis of angioleiomyomas developed in Korean has not been reported in domestic dermatological journals. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics of angioleiomyoma and the relationship between the tumor and the nerve with immunohistochemical stains. METHODS: Fifty nine cases of angioleiomyoma were reappraised from the files of the pathology of Seoul National University, Green Cross Reference Laboratory Center and Korea Veterans Hospital. Brief clinical histories of all cases were examined and microscopic findings in 35 cases were classified according to subtypes. Paraffin blocks were recut and stained in 16 cases for desmin, smooth muscle actin and S-100 protein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 1. Male to female ratio was 1:1.27. 2. The age of the patients was mostly over 20 years and the mean age was 51 years in men and 40 years in women. 3. Tumors occurred most frequently in the lower extremity(38 cases), and followed by upper extremity(18 cases), head(2 cases), and trunk(1 case). Women had predominance of the legs in location site and men showed equal distribution in the lower and upper extremities.
Actins ; Angiomyoma* ; Coloring Agents ; Desmin ; Female ; Hospitals, Veterans ; Humans ; Korea ; Leg ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; Paraffin ; Pathology ; S100 Proteins ; Seoul ; Skin ; Smooth Muscle Tumor ; Upper Extremity

Iodinated contrast-induced acute renal failure is estimated to occur in 0.15 to 2% of all patients undergoing contrast imaging studies. Incidence is higher in patients with renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, dehydration, multiple myeloma, congestive heart failure, advanced age. We here report successful vascular interventional procedure by using gadopentetate dimeglumine(Gd-DTPA) as a contrast agent in a patient with chronic renal insufficiency and right superficial femoral artery stenosis. The patient had a history of iodinated contrast-induced acute renal failure. Gd-DTPA(0.17mmoVkg) diluted 1: 1 with 0.9% norrnal saline was used as contrast agent for the interventional procedure. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was successfully performed and there was no evidence of contrast material- induced acute renal failure after the procedure. Gd- DTPA is an alternative contrast agent for patients with chronic renal insufficiency.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Angioplasty* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dehydration ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Femoral Artery ; Gadolinium DTPA* ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Incidence ; Multiple Myeloma ; Pentetic Acid ; Renal Insufficiency ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*

Iatrogenic epidermoid cyst of the retroauricular area after ear surgery is extremely unusual. Epidermoid cyst is an intradermal or subcutaneous sac-like structure which is lined with well differentiated stratified squamous epithelium containing keratohyalin granules. These cysts are thought to arise as a result of implantation of epidermal cells into the deeper dermal elements by trauma or previous surgery. We report a 42-year-old female with retroauricular epidermoid cyst invading into the temporal bone who underwent tympanoplasty 15 years ago. The lesion was surgically excised, histopathologic examination revealed an epidermoid cyst. Therefore we report the case along with review of literature.
Adult ; Ear ; Epidermal Cyst ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; Temporal Bone ; Tympanoplasty

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a relatively new surgical procedure, enjoying ever-increasing popularity and presenting new anesthetic challenges. Anesthetic problems are mostly due to physiologic changes associated with systemic absorption of the intra-peritoneally insufflated carbon dioxide (CO2). We studied systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gas, end-tidal CO2 and peak inspiratory pressure changes in 30 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, before CO2 insufflation (control value), 15 minute after CO2 insufflation, after gall bladder delivery out, 15 minute after CO2 excretion. After CO2 insufflation, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, peak inspiratory pressure, end-tidal CO2 were increased sigmficantly in comparison to control values (P-value<0.01). Also, in arterial gas analysis, arterial blood carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) was increased and pH was decreased significantly but arterial blood oxygen tension (PaCO2) was not changed significantly. After CO2 excretion, systolic and diastolic pressure, end-tidal CO2 were increased in comparison to control values (P<0.01) and pH was decreased significantly. But peak inspiratory pressure and PaCO2 were not statistically significant. In conclusion, minute ventilation should be corrected during general anesthesia for laparoscopy with CO2 insufflation according to continuous monitoring of end-tidal CO2 and arterial carbon dioxide tension.
Absorption ; Anesthesia, General* ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Insufflation ; Laparoscopy ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange* ; Urinary Bladder ; Ventilation ; Vital Signs*

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a relatively new surgical procedure, enjoying ever-increasing popularity and presenting new anesthetic challenges. Anesthetic problems are mostly due to physiologic changes associated with systemic absorption of the intra-peritoneally insufflated carbon dioxide (CO2). We studied systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gas, end-tidal CO2 and peak inspiratory pressure changes in 30 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, before CO2 insufflation (control value), 15 minute after CO2 insufflation, after gall bladder delivery out, 15 minute after CO2 excretion. After CO2 insufflation, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, peak inspiratory pressure, end-tidal CO2 were increased sigmficantly in comparison to control values (P-value<0.01). Also, in arterial gas analysis, arterial blood carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) was increased and pH was decreased significantly but arterial blood oxygen tension (PaCO2) was not changed significantly. After CO2 excretion, systolic and diastolic pressure, end-tidal CO2 were increased in comparison to control values (P<0.01) and pH was decreased significantly. But peak inspiratory pressure and PaCO2 were not statistically significant. In conclusion, minute ventilation should be corrected during general anesthesia for laparoscopy with CO2 insufflation according to continuous monitoring of end-tidal CO2 and arterial carbon dioxide tension.
Absorption ; Anesthesia, General* ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Insufflation ; Laparoscopy ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange* ; Urinary Bladder ; Ventilation ; Vital Signs*

Distraction osteogenesis is a new bone formation technique. There is a advantage of the environmental adaptation when distraction force is applied to the gap between osteotomy lines. But it has a disadvantage of long-term wearing of the appliance and long consolidation period. Therefore we make an effort to reduce it and repair normal function. Extracellular matrix proteins have a function to control the cellular growth, migration, shape and metabolism. In these, hyaluronic acid is a member of polysaccharide glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and has a important function as bone formation and osteoinduction property. PURPOSE: In this experimental study in rabbit mandibular distraction osteogenesis, we investigated the bone enhancing property of hyaluronic acid and the expression of extracellular proteins such as osteocalcin and osteonectin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experimental study was carried out on 24 Korean male white rabbits (both mandibular body, n=48). Distraction group was divided to distraction experimental (A, n=16) and distraction control (B, n=16) by the application of hyaluronic acid (Hyruan, LGCI, Seoul, Korea). Normal control group (C, n=16) was only osteotomized. After 5 days latency, distraction devices were activated at a rate of 1.4 mm per day (0.7 mm every 12hours) for 3.5 days. Animals were sacrificed at postoperative 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. HandE stain and immunohistochemical stain was done on decalcified section. Additionally RT-PCR analysis was done for the identification of the expression of osteocalcin and osteonectin. RESULTS: The bone formation in distraction experimental group was much more than that in distraction and normal control group at postoperative 28 days. In immunohistochemical stain, osteocalcin was enhanced at only postoperative 14 days, but osteonectin was not different at each post-operation days. In RT-PCR analysis, osteocalcin was not different at each post-operation days, but osteonectin was strongly expressed in distraction experimental group at postoperative 7 days. The expression of osteocalcin and osteonectin was elevated during the healing period. CONCLUSION: We found the good bone formation ability of hyaluronic acid in distraction osteogenesis through the immunohistochemistry and RTPCR analysis to osteocalcin and osteonectin, known as a bone formation marker. The application of hyaluronic acid in distraction osteogenesis is a method to reduce the consolidation period.
Animals ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins* ; Extracellular Matrix* ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Hand ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Metabolism ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis* ; Osteogenesis, Distraction* ; Osteonectin ; Osteotomy ; Rabbits ; Seoul

Herniation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) into the external auditory canal (EAC) is known to be associated with a defect of the anterior wall of the EAC. Spontaneous herniation of TMJ into EAC is very rare and can induce clicking tinnitus, conductive hearing loss, otalgia, otorrhea and even no symptom. Here we report a very interesting case of spontaneous TMJ herniation, which resulted in severe and annoying clicky tinnitus and otalgia. There was no response to the initial conservative management, so surgical correction of TMJ herniation using titanium mesh was performed. After the surgery, the annoying clicky tinnitus completely disappeared. This study suggests that tinnitus caused by TMJ herniation be considered as another type of surgically curable objective tinnitus.
Ear Canal ; Earache ; Hearing Loss, Conductive ; Temporomandibular Joint* ; Tinnitus* ; Titanium*

The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition difference and obesity prevalence in grade 5 to 8 by gender. A total of 1,333 students, 707 boys and 631 girls, were recruited from one elementary and one middle school in Seoul, Korea. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, lean body mass, and body fat were assessed. Height and weight were increased by grade, but Body Mass Index (BMI) by grade showed no significant difference among boys. Lean body mass had growth spurt between 7 and 8 grade among boys compared to gradual increase among girls. Overweight and obesity prevalence were higher among elementary schoolers than middle schoolers. Overweight (BMI for age >85 th percentile) prevalence was about 44% among 5 th grade boys compared 29% among same grade girls. These results provided that there were prominent difference regarding body growth and obesity prevalence in gender and grade. Further studies for children and adolescents should be considered their body composition change.
Adipose Tissue ; Adolescent* ; Body Composition* ; Body Mass Index ; Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Obesity* ; Overweight ; Prevalence* ; Seoul

The aim of this study was to evaluate the food and nutrient intakes in 5th to 8th grade school boys and girls. A total of 1,333 students were recruited from 1 elementary and 1 middle school, both located in Seoul. The data on food and nutrients intake were collected by 3-day food record. The food intake was calculated as the percentage of total energy intake according to 21 food subgroups. The consumption of noodles, and meat's products (including ham and sausage) groups were higher in 7th and 8th grade than 5th and 6th grade. On the other hand consumption of vegetables and milk and its products groups were lower in 7th and 8th grade. As results, calcium, riboflavin, and vitamin C intakes were lower in 7th and 8th grade students. Dietary patterns by cluster analysis resulted in 77% of subjects with traditional pattern based rice and kimchi, and 23% with modified pattern. All students regardless of grades showed high fat intake, above 20 percent energy intake from fat, and high cholesterol intakes. In conclusion, there was significant difference between 5th and 6th grade primary school students and 7th and 8th junior school students regarding food and nutrient intakes. It should be necessary to provide proper nutrient education and monitoring in order to establish good dietary profile.
Adolescent* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Eating ; Education ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Milk ; Riboflavin ; Seoul ; Vegetables