No abstract available.
Nicotine* ; Tobacco Use Cessation Products* ; Tobacco*

PURPOSE: To verify the association between cigarette smoking and bladder cancer in the Korean population, as smoking is well known as a risk factor on bladder cancer. The risk of bladder cancer was compared among never-smokers, ex-smokers and current-smokers using a multivariate adjusted incidence rate and the mortality rate of bladder cancer of Koreans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 348,010 participants were enrolled in this prospective study between 1993 (to 1994) and 2002. All participants completed a self administered questionnaire on cancer risk factors, including smoking habit. Follow up for incident bladder cancer was established. We classified all participants into three categories: current-smoker, ex-smoker and never-smoker, on the basis of their smoking habits. We confirmed bladder cancer from the data of the Korea National Cancer Registry and National Health Insurance Corporation up to (December?) 2002. The multivariate adjusted incidence and the mortality due to bladder cancer were used for both genders for a statistical analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The incidence rate of bladder cancer per 100,000 persons in male never-smokers, ex-smokers and current-smokers were 27, 41 and 48, respectively, and the multivariate adjusted relative risks (RR) were 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9-2.0) and 1.7 (95% CI, 1.2-2.3) in ex- and current smokers, respectively. The incidence rate of bladder cancer in women was 4.7, 8.4 and 13, respectively. There was no significant association between the risk of bladder cancer and the amount and duration of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that current smokers have an increased incidence and mortality rate of bladder cancer in both genders in the Korean population, but there was no significant difference in relation to the amount and duration of smoking.
Cohort Studies* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality ; National Health Programs ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

We studied the disease status by question-naire in seoul of the pupils in two primary schools on May, 1991 and carried out statistical analysis of their results. The following results were observed: 1) Total number of answered pupil was 2330; 1103 were male and 1227 were female and the ratio of male to female was 1:1.1. Average age was 9.27 years. 2) Number of the pupil with any present described was 499(21.4%) Majority was as follows: (1) Respiratory system diseases; 358(71.1%) (2) Skin & Subcutaneous tissue diseases; 36(7.2%) (3) Circulatory system diseases; 14 (2.8%) (4) Infectious diseases; 11 (2.2%) (5) Trauma; 7 (1.4%) 3) Number of the pupil with any disease on treatment was 225 (9.7%). Majority was as follows: (1) Respiratory system diseases; 108 among 358 (2) Skin & Subcutaneous diseases; 22 among 36 (3) Infectious diseases; 11 among 11 (4) Trauma; 3 among 7 (5) Mental disorders; 1 among 6 4) Number of the pupils with the past history of diseases described was 561 (24.1%). Majority was as follows: (1) Respiratory system diseases; 217 (38.7%) (2) Infectious diseases; 105 (18.7%) (3)Trauma; 74 (13.2%) (4) Nervous system & Sense organ diseases; 39 (7.0%) (5) Digestive system diseases; 27 (4.8%) 5) Number of the pupils with the past hospitalization history was 190 (8.2%). Majority was as follows: (1) Respiratory system diseases; 48 (25.3%) (2) Trauma; 41 (21.6%) (3) Infectious diseases; 18 (9.5%) (4) Genitourinary system diseases; 9 (4.7%) (5) Digestive system diseases; 6 (3.2%) 6) Number of the pupils with the past history fo sugery was 362 (15.5%). The types of surgery of the causative diseases requiring surgery were as follows: (1) Circumcision; 98 (4.2%) (2) Trauma; 73 (3.1%) (3) Tonsillectomy & Adenectomy; 46 (2.0%) (4) Inguinal herniectomy; 25 (1.1%) (5) Appendictomy; 10 (0.4%) (6) Intussusception; 10 (0.4%) 7) Number of the pupils with hearing disturbance was 498 (21.4%), with present illness of otitis media 19 (0.82%) and with the past history of otitis media 15 (0.64). 8) Number of the pupils with visual disturbance was 498 (21.4%), with myopia 233 (10%), with hyperopia 49 (2.1%), with strabismus 16 (0.7%), color blindness 7 (0.3%). 9) Number of the pupils hoping to consult with the physicians were 446 (19.1%). The contents of their consultation were as follows: (1) Dental problems; 81 (18.0%) (2) Extremity pain; 56 (13.0%)(3) Abdominal pain; 52 (12.0%) (4) Skin disease; 34 (7.6%) (5) Headache; 30 (6.7%) 10) Number of the pupil sttended to school inspite of disease was 846 (36.3%). The caustive diseases were as follows: (1) Upper respiratory infection; 217 (25,7%) (2) Abdominal pain; 27 (3.2%) (3) Fever; 24 (2.8%) (4) Trauma; 8 (0.9%) (5) Infection (Measles, Mumps, Chicken pox et.); 6 (0.7%) .
Abdominal Pain ; Chickenpox ; Circumcision, Male ; Color Vision Defects ; Communicable Diseases ; Digestive System Diseases ; Extremities ; Female ; Fever ; Headache ; Hearing ; Hope ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Intussusception ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; Mumps ; Myopia ; Nervous System ; Otitis Media ; Pupil* ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; Respiratory System ; Sense Organs ; Seoul* ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Strabismus ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Tonsillectomy ; Urogenital System

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is a rare tumor that affects young females with low malignant potential and good prognosis with more than 90% survival at 5 years. Metastasis is very rare. We report the case of a 74-year-old female who had pancreatic solid-pseudopapillary tumor and synchronous hepatic metastasis.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Prognosis

The trabeculectcmies were performed on 12 eyes with uncontrolled glaucoma which had not been treated by the maximum use of tolerated antiglaucoma medication. We assumed that all of these eyes would be at increased risk by episcleral cicatricial closure in the patient with one of the following cases; congenital glaucoma, age of 40 year or less, previously failed glaucoma filtration surgery, aphakia and uveitis. A standard operation was performed except tbat triamcinolone acetonide(4mg) was injected subconjunctivally at the intended trabeculectcmy site one week before surgery in 10 eyes, and cn the day of surgery in 2 eyes. During the followup period of 5 months or more, 11 of 12 eyes had an intraocular pressre(IOP) of 19mmHg or less. The average IOP for these 11 eyes was 14.5 +/- 3.4mmHg(mean +/- SD), and only 2 of the 11 eyes required antiglaucoma medication. One eye was a surgical failure. All eyes with controlled IOP showed micro cystic filtration blebs on slit lamp examination. The postoperative visual acuity was within one line of the preoperative level in all eyes, except for the one surgical failure. The use of triamcinolone acetonide does not seem to have added any additional risks to the postoperative period.
Aphakia ; Blister ; Filtering Surgery ; Filtration* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Triamcinolone* ; Uveitis ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Teratoma*

The 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in the Republic of Korea, which started with an imported case and spread throughout the country with a total of 186 cases, revealed the vulnerabilities of the health-care system of the country. The situation was compounded by the unique health-care settings in the Republic of Korea, including crowded emergency departments and large numbers of hospital visitors seeking care at multiple hospitals. To assist with the outbreak response, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of the Republic of Korea hosted several international joint missions that provided valuable information and recommendations for MERS control and prevention of future outbreaks. This report briefly summarizes the missions’ outcomes and discusses their positive impacts.

Primary ovarian transitional cell carcinoma is extremely rare tumor. The histologic subtype was divided from malignant Brenner tumor due to it's own histologic characteristics and chemosensitive nature. Most of recent studies revealed that transitional cell carcinoma has a good response to chemotherapy and long-term survival. Recent histopathologic reports show that transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and of the ovary are immunophenotypically different. We experienced a case of primary ovarian transitional cell carcinoma, and report this case with a brief review of the concerned literatures.
Brenner Tumor ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Ovary ; Urinary Bladder

Twelve cases of compression arthrodesis of the knee, which was performed during the period 1973 to 1978, were reviewed. All of the cases had tuberculous arthritis of the knee and included 3 children. Post-operative management was carried out with compression in a long leg cast with crutch walking for an average of 6 weeks and successive cylinder casts without compression and permitting full weight bearing were applied on an average of every 7 weeks. All cases eventually revealed bony fusion and the tuberculosis subsided without signiflcant complications even in the children.
Arthritis ; Arthrodesis ; Child ; Humans ; Knee ; Leg ; Tuberculosis ; Walking ; Weight-Bearing

There is debatable opinions as to the nature and clinical significance of the changes that may occur in the spine after posterior spine fusion performed in growing children. Clinical survey is known to be difficult because X-ray films in children are not easy to interpret and measure in the presence of disease and accuracy is uncertain due to magnification on X-ray films. Authors selected 8 cases of tuberculous spondylitis which were managed with posterior spine fusion under the criterias that cases had surgery under 10 years old, no evidence of pseudoarthrosis clinically and roentgenologically on serial examinations at least once 1 year, follow-up more than 2 years since 3 months after surgery, enough spines are included on lateral X-ray films, and accurate measurement and correction of magnification are possible. The cases were surveyed for changes occured in fused spines after posterior spine fusion and the results were as follows: 1. There was actual lengthening of grafted bone mass after solid fusion in all cases although the amounts were minimal. 2. The fused spines grew 46% on an average less than adjacent normal unfused spines. 3. The vertebral bodies of fused spines grew nearly same as the adjacent normal vertebral bodies. 4, The intervertebral disc spaces of the fused spines were narrowed in all cases. 5. The intervertebral angles had tendency to increase and kyphosis angles to decrease.
Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Kyphosis ; Pseudarthrosis ; Spine ; Spondylitis ; Transplants ; X-Ray Film