Digital subtraction angiography(DSA) was made in 72 patients at department of radiology, Seoul National University hospital from February 1982 to January 1983 with our system, SRM-II, developed by cooperation of department of medical engineering, Seoul National University Hospital. The results were as follows; 1. In the total 72 cases, vascular disease was 28 cases in which aortic disease including Takayasu's aortitis was 18 cases. Others were vascular tumors in 32 cases and various conditions such as renal donor and artificial arteriovenous shunt. 2. Extent of the lesion was well delineated especially in aortic disease in cluding 8 cases of Takayasu's aortitis, 6 cases of aortic aneurysm and 2 cases of Behcet's syndrome. 3. DSA can be done to outpatient without admission because of its simplicity and non-invasiveness. DSA is useful especially in the evaluation and follow-up of vascular disease and the diagnostic value is expected to grow continuously according to the renewal of system.
Angiography, Digital Subtraction* ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Aortic Diseases ; Aortitis ; Behcet Syndrome ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Seoul ; Tissue Donors ; Vascular Diseases

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, hypertension or other cardiovasular diseases, and normal health person due to cardiac arrhythmia or coronary microcirculatory insufficiency. According to development of echocardiography, left ventricular mass and the patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy can be measured. Therefore, we tried to classify the left ventricular hypertrophy in coronary artery disease and to differentiate cardiac function and severity of coronary artery disease in these groups. METHOD: From September 1993 to August 1995, in 44 cases(23 males, 21 females) without hypertension with normal coronary angiography and 84 cases(62 males, 22 females) without hypertension with coronary artery disease on coronary angiography were compared by two-dimensional, M-mode, and Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: In normal control group, mean age was 51+/-11years, and in coronary artery disease group, mean age was 58+/-10years. Atherosclerotic risk factors showed no significant differences in each groups. LVH patterns in normal control group were 31 cases(70%) of normal left ventricle, 6 cases(14%) concentric remodelling, 2 cases(5%) concentric hypertrophy, and 5 cases(11%) eccentric hypertrophy. In coronary artery disease group, 30 cases(36%) were normal left ventricle, 17 cases(20%) concentric remodelling, 14 cases(17%) concentric hypertrophy, and 23 cases(27%) eccentric hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, concentric and eccentric hypertrophy were more common in coronary artery disease group than normal control group. And comparing to one vessel disease grroup, multi-vessel disease group had more common concentric and eccentric hypertrophy. This result were considered that left ventricular concentric hypertrophy may induce coronary heart disease because more oxygen demand required and fixed coronary circulation, and essentric hypertrophy was due to post-infarct left ventricular remodelling and wall thinning.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Circulation ; Coronary Disease ; Coronary Vessels* ; Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular* ; Male ; Oxygen ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: To explore possible changes in awake cystometry and expression of beta-adrenoceptors (ARs) as a cause for bladder dysfunction in a male rat model of partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Awake cystometry was performed in rats with pBOO (16) and sham-operated rats (16), 8 weeks after the operation. The expression of mRNA and protein of beta-ARs was assessed by real-time PCR and western blot. RESULTS: The bladders with pBOO (1030mg) were increased compared to those in control rats (230mg). In the cystometric studies, the maximum intravesical pressure significantly increased in the pBOO group compared to control group rats (p=0.001). The time to reach maximal intravesical pressure during micturition in the pBOO group was significantly longer than the sham group (p=0.003). The frequency of non-void contraction in the pBOO group was significantly more than the sham group (p=0.006). The mRNA expressions of beta2- and 3-ARs were increased insignificantly in pBOO group compared to sham group. The data of pBOO group expressed as folds of corresponding expression in sham group were 1.28 and 1.46 respectively in beta2- and 3-ARs. Compared to the sham groups, the density of 60Kda protein band recognized by beta2-AR antibodies and the density of 45Kda protein band recognized by beta3-AR antibodies were higher in the bladder from pBOO group rats. CONCLUSION: PBOO of male rats increase the maximal intravesical pressure and contraction time during micturition and the frequency of non-void contraction as well as weight of bladder. The expression of beta2- and 3-ARs subtypes was increased insignificantly compared to sham operated group. This study demonstrates that the changes of cystometric or non-void contraction parameters in pBOO is one of the pathophysiologic processes potentially associated with the alterations of bladder beta-ARs.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Blotting, Western ; Contracts ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Salicylamides ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urination

PURPOSE: Acute scrotum is a clinical syndrome that is defined as an acute painful swelling of the scrotum. It is well known that early surgical exploration is needed to prevent the testicular loss when testicu lar torsion breakouts. But most of reports were only focused on testicular torsion of prepubertal age group. This fact let us examine the acute scrotum with all age group and the significance of surgical exploration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the results collected from 112 patients (131 cases) with acute scrotum who had been admitted to our hospital between June 1994 and November 1999 with the exception of scrotal trauma. RESULTS: The incidence of acute scrotum over 20 years old was 72.4% of total acute scrotum patients. The most common disease was acute epididymitis giving the rate of 71.8% (94 cases). In adult the incidence of testicular torsion was low (3 cases). Surgical torsion was 12 cases and acute epididymitis was 12 cases as the cause of acute scrotum. CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of testicular torsion have been below 20 years old and only 3 cases have been over 20 years old. Although the incidence of testicular torsion over 20 years old has been low. There were severe infectious diseases needing surgical approach in the cases of aged patient. this research shows that the treatment of acute scrotum goes with the need of surgical therapy.
Acute Pain ; Adult ; Communicable Diseases ; Epididymitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Scrotum* ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Many studies about efficacy of alpha blocker to Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS) have shown variable results. The aim of this study was to confirm the efficacy of alpha blocker in young and middle aged patients with CP/CPPS to exclude the effect of benign prostatic hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty seven men with CP/CPPS were randomized in a single-blind fashion, to receive either; tosufloxacin(450mg/d)(group 1; 15 patients), or; tosufloxacin(450mg/d) and alfuzosin(10mg/d)(group 2; 42 patients) for 2 months. The NIH chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI), International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS) and International Index of Erectile Function-5(IIEF-5) were used to grade the symptoms and the quality of life(QoL) impact at the start and 1 and 2 months into the study. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2 in relation to age, duration and sub-factor scores of IPSS, NIH-CPSI and IIEF-5 at the baseline. No statistically significant difference in the NIH- CPSI total score was seen, but the urinary and QoL factors in group 2 showed greater improvement. A statistically significant difference was seen in the IPSS total score, especially, obstructive factor in group 2 showed greater improvement. The IIEF-5 total score was seen more increase, but it wasn't significant. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of alfuzosin demonstrated improvements in the NIH-CPSI(this was not significant.) and IPSS total score. Especially voiding factors were significantly improved in relation to the NIH-CPSI and IPSS scores in the alfuzosin treatment group.
Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged* ; Pelvic Pain* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatitis

PURPOSE: In this era of the Internet, many university hospitals are making efforts to maximize the benefits of a good homepage which facilitates the sharing and distributing of medical information. By classifying and analyzing different urology homepage, this paper aims to identify the problems and suggest the direction for improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the search sites of Yahoo, Lycos, and Daum, some 111 homepage yielded by the keyword search "urology" were classified along the categories of location, sort (individual vs assembled), and the field of specialty. The one with the best quality was analyzed in depth. RESULTS: According to the location, Seoul (45) and Pusan (8) took up 47.7% of the total. There were more homepage devoted to andrologic field than others, typically offering online counselling service. As for the sort, there were more individual homepage (83) than assembled ones (28). The nearest to perfect homepage, upon close analysis, turned out to be too complex for the general user to gain easy access to the information, although its content, design, management, and links were excellent. CONCLUSIONS: Almost all homepage provide online counselling service, but there was a considerable disparity in the answers to questions. A guideline from the professional body would be necessary. Moreover, to prevent possible violation of the intellectual property laws, it would be best for the homepage of professional bodies to be paid sites or at least membership sites. Those managing these homepage should do their best to catch up and cope with high-tech Internet medical services by being more familiar with Internet-related technology.
Busan ; Hospitals, University ; Intellectual Property ; Internet* ; Jurisprudence ; Seoul ; Urology*

PURPOSE: In an aerobic environment, all biological organisms react with reactive oxygen specise, especially O2 free radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Although acute disorders do not appear, continuous increases of it can lead to aging or cancer. In this study, the acute effects of duroquinone (2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, DQ, superoxide radical generator) on corporal smooth muscle was investigated, which causes flavorprotein to produce superoxide via chemical reduction reaction. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Under the same conditions, corporal smooth muscle strips were acquired from 2.0-2.5 kg Male New Zealand White rabbit. Then strips were placed in tension measuring apparatus. After strip was contracted by phenylephrine, an electric field stimulation (EFS)- and various drugs-induced relaxation rate was measured. Relaxation rates by above-mentioned methods were measured again following incubation of DQ or DQ and diethyldithiocarbamate (DETCA, superoxide dismutase inhibitor). The tension percentages were calculated with respect to the control group. RESULTS: The resting tension of the muscle strip was not changed by applying of DQ (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM). The relaxation rates by EFS and bethanechol were not attenuated after DQ was incubated, but attenuated after DQ and DETCA were incubated. The relaxation rate by ATP was not attenuated after DQ, or DQ and DETCA was incubated. The relaxation rates by sodium nitroprusside was attenuated after DQ only was incubated. CONCLUSIONS: Superoxide seems to eliminate nitric oxide, and thus be an important corporal smooth muscle relaxation inhibitor.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Aging ; Bethanechol ; Ditiocarb ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth* ; New Zealand ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitroprusside ; Oxygen ; Phenylephrine ; Relaxation* ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Superoxides*

PURPOSE: To assess the association between decreased visual acuity (VA) and diagnosis of depressive disorder by a physician or experience of depressive mood using self-report questionnaires. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using nationally representative data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2008-2012). A total of 28,919 adults who had sociodemographic and health behavioral risk factors available were included. An association between decreased VA and depression was identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for possible confounders. Depression was defined as a depressive disorder with a diagnosis by a physician or depressive mood lasting more than 2 weeks using self-report questionnaires. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive disorder and depressive mood in Koreans was 1,160 (4.0%) and 4,063 (14.1%), respectively. In univariable logistic regression, there was significant association between VA and depressive disorder or depressive mood. However, in multivariable logistic regression analysis, this study found no statistically significant association between VA status and the prevalence of depressive disorder or depressive mood in Koreans. CONCLUSIONS: No association between decreased VA and a depressive disorder/depressive mood in Korean adults after adjusting for possible confounders was found. Therefore, further longitudinal cohort studies examining the causal relationship between decreased VA and depression in Korean adults are necessary.
Adult ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder* ; Diagnosis ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Vision, Low ; Visual Acuity*

Though intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA) has several advantages over conventionalangiography in diagnosis and follow up of various vascular disease, it also has several undesirable problems suchas large volume of the contrast medium and inferior image quality compared to conventional angiography. Sorecently intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IA DSA) was introduced for better image quality usingsmall amount of contrast medium. The authours had good clinical results IA DSA which were made in 20 patients withour own system, SRM-II, developed by cooperation of Departements of Radiology and Medical engineering, Seoul.National University Hospital. Intraarterial digital substraction angiography was found to have several advantagesover conventional angiography: (a) small amount of contrast medium, (b) reduced need for selective arterialcatheterization,(c) lower film cost, (d) shortened examination time, (e) ability to obtain a “road map”, and (f)easier detection of contrast medium. Also IA DSA has several advantages over IV DSA : (a) less dependency oncardiac output, (b) far less vessel overlapping, (c) reduction in patient motion through less painful procedure byreduced volume of contrast media and shorter imaging time.
Angiography ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Vascular Diseases

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are caused by abnormal vascular communications between the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins, which lead to the blood bypassing the normal pulmonary capillary beds. Pulmonary AVMs result in right-to-left shunts, resulting in hypoxemia, cyanosis, and dyspnea. Clinical signs and symptoms vary depending on the size, number, and flow of the AVMs. Transcatheter embolization is the treatment of choice for pulmonary AVMs. However, this method can fail if the AVM is large or has multiple complex feeding arteries. Surgical resection is necessary in those kind of cases. Here, we report the case of a patient with a 6-cm pulmonary AVM with multiple feeding arteries that was successfully treated by repeated coil embolization without surgery.
Anoxia ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Capillaries ; Cyanosis ; Dyspnea ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Veins