PURPOSE: To evaluate the short-term efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab injection in eyes with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS: The records of 17 patients (17 eyes, 11 ischemic, six ischemic) who received an intravitreal ranibizumab injection for macular edema secondary to CRVO were retrospectively analyzed. The ophthalmic examination included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) at baseline and follow-up visits. RESULTS: After intravitreal ranibizumab injection, the mean BCVA improved from log MAR 1.25 +/- 0.47 at baseline to log MAR 0.78 +/- 0.49 at 4 weeks and to log MAR 0.81 +/- 0.52 at 12 weeks (p < 0.05). Additionally, the mean CMT decreased from 679.4 +/- 230.5 microm at baseline to 224.4 +/- 129.9 microm at 4 weeks and to 271.6 +/- 174.1microm at 12 weeks (p < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, the decreases in CMT at 4 weeks and 12 weeks were similar in ischemic CRVO and non-ischemic CRVO, but no significant changes in visual acuity were found at 12 weeks in the ischemic CRVO group (p = 0.138). Ten eyes (58.8%) did not require re-injections for macular edema for up to 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal ranibizumab injection appeared to be an effective option for the treatment of macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Eye ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; Retinal Vein ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Ranibizumab

Rhabdomyolysis is a potentially life-threatening disease which may result from a variety of causes. We describe the features of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and bone scintigraphy, and their importance for diagnosis and treatment of a patient with rhabdomyolysis.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Rhabdomyolysis

The Dieulafoy's lesion is a rare cause of recurrent massive gastrointestinal bleeding in children. The bleeding results from an abnormally large submucosal artery that protrudes through a small mucosal defect. The lesion is commonly found on proximal stomach. Surgical intervention was believed to be the best treatment in the past, but recent advancement in endoscopy has made effective hemostasis possible. We report a case of a 9-year-old boy with underlying mycoplasma pneumonia with effusion who presented with massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Bleeding was controlled with endoscopic treatment by epinephrine and ethanol injection and the patient was successfully treated.
Arteries ; Child* ; Endoscopy ; Epinephrine ; Ethanol* ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Male ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Stomach

Korean women doctors have expanded their activities globally in various fields within the international community. This study conducted face-to-face interviews or e-mail surveys of representatives among internationally active women doctors with experience in working with the Medical Women's International Association and the World Health Organization. Conveying the activities of these senior women doctors will be valuable to the younger generation of doctors who are interested in international health and who aspire to become potential leaders in the international health care scene in the future.
Delivery of Health Care ; Electronic Mail ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; World Health Organization

This study aimed to analyze changing trends in child injury deaths from 2006 to 2016 and to provide basic data for initiatives to help prevent child injury deaths through improvements in social systems and education. Specific causes of death were analyzed using micro-data of the death statistics of Korea from 2006 to 2016, which were made available by Statistics Korea. Types and place of death were classified according to the KCD-7 (Korean Standard Classification of Diseases and Causes of Death). The data were compared to those of other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries. Changing trends were presented. The number of child deaths by injury was 270 in 2016. The death rate was 8.1 per 100,000 population in 2006, while it was 3.9 in 2016. The death rate of boys was 1.7 times greater than that of girls. Unintentional injury deaths comprised 72.6% of all child injury deaths in 2016, while intentional injury deaths comprised 27.4%. The first leading cause of unintentional injury deaths in infants (less than 1-year-old) was suffocation, while that of children aged 1 to 14 years was transport accidents. The second leading cause of death in infants was transport accidents, that of children aged 1 to 4 was falling, and that of children aged 5 to 14 was drowning. Pedestrian accidents comprised 43.7% of the transport accidents from 2014 to 2016. To prevent child injury deaths by both unintentional and intentional causes, nation-wide policy measures and more specific interventions according to cause are required.
Accidental Falls ; Asphyxia ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Classification ; Drowning ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Mortality ; Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development ; Republic of Korea ; Self-Injurious Behavior

Arthralgia ; Humans ; Jaw ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mouth ; Noise ; Palpation ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; Temporomandibular Joint

An emblem is a symbolic representational image that stands for a certain organization, concept, team, or society. This study investigated the emblems of the sleep societies in South Korea and the international sleep societies in which they were registered as members. Three South Korean sleep societies were found by searching for the keyword ‘sleep’ in the Korea Citation Index. Subsequently, we identified three international societies in which the three South Korean conferences participate. The emblems can be classified according to their composition. Taegeuk patterns represent yin and yang, electroencephalography that stands for the objective indicator of sleep, and the acronym or abbreviation indicating the name of the society. All emblems in this study were combinations of pictorial images and letters. The pictorial image of the Korean Sleep Research Society is the only emblem representing an inset with Hangeul. The emblem is a medium that conveys diverse meanings beyond representation. The societies have attempted to embody the identity as well as their directions.

Korean women doctors have expanded their activities globally in various fields within the international community. This study conducted face-to-face interviews or e-mail surveys of representatives among internationally active women doctors with experience in working with the Medical Women's International Association and the World Health Organization. Conveying the activities of these senior women doctors will be valuable to the younger generation of doctors who are interested in international health and who aspire to become potential leaders in the international health care scene in the future.

An emblem is a symbolic representational image that stands for a certain organization, concept, team, or society. This study investigated the emblems of the sleep societies in South Korea and the international sleep societies in which they were registered as members. Three South Korean sleep societies were found by searching for the keyword ‘sleep’ in the Korea Citation Index. Subsequently, we identified three international societies in which the three South Korean conferences participate. The emblems can be classified according to their composition. Taegeuk patterns represent yin and yang, electroencephalography that stands for the objective indicator of sleep, and the acronym or abbreviation indicating the name of the society. All emblems in this study were combinations of pictorial images and letters. The pictorial image of the Korean Sleep Research Society is the only emblem representing an inset with Hangeul. The emblem is a medium that conveys diverse meanings beyond representation. The societies have attempted to embody the identity as well as their directions.

PURPOSE: This study was to identify relationships of maternal psychosocial factors including mother's mood state, childcare stress, social support and sleep satisfaction with breastfeeding adaptation and immune substances in breast milk, especially secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta2). METHODS: Data were collected from 84 mothers who delivered full-term infants by natural childbirth. Structured questionnaires and breast milk were collected at 2~4 days and 6 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression, and generalized estimating equation (GEE). RESULTS: Scores for the breastfeeding adaptation scale were significantly related with child care stress, mood state and social support. Mother's anger was positively correlated with the level of sIgA in colostrum (p<.01). Immune substances of breastmilk was significantly influenced by time for milk collection (p<.001) and the type of breastfeeding (sIgA, p<.001, TGF-beta2, p=.003). Regression analysis showed that breastfeeding adaptation could be explained 59.1% by the type of breastfeeding, childcare stress, the Profile of Mood States, emotional support and sleep quality (F=16.67, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The findings from this study provide important concepts of breastfeeding adaptation program and explanation of psychosocial factors by immune substances in breast milk. Future research, specially, bio-maker research on breast milk should focus on the ways to improve breastfeeding adaptation.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Anger ; Breast Feeding* ; Child ; Child Care ; Colostrum ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; Immunologic Factors ; Infant ; Linear Models ; Milk ; Milk, Human* ; Mothers ; Natural Childbirth ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Psychology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transforming Growth Factor beta2