The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional recovery of end-to-side neurorrhaphy in rats. There have been several studies about the results of end-to-side neurorrhaphy from a histologic or eletrophysiologic view point. However, histologic or electrophysiologic parameters may not correlate with the actual nerve function. In this study we assessed the results of end-to-side neurorrhaphy functionally using walking track analysis. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 group, with 12 rats in each group. Group 1 was the sham-operation group. Group 2 was the peroneal nerve transection group. In group 3, the peroneal nerve was severed and end-to-end neurorrhaphy was carried out. In group 4, the peroneal nerve was severed and coapted end-to-side to the lateral face of the tibial nerve after removal of the epineurium arid perineurium. Walking track analysis was done every 2 weeks up to 16 weeks. Group 3 recovered 80.4% in peroneal function at postoperative 16 weeks, whereas group 4 recovered only 46.0%. In group 2, it was impossible to measure the peroneal function by walking track analysis because of plantar flexion contracture after 6 weeks. We concluded that the end-to-side neurorrhaphy group showed better results compared with the nerve transection group. However, the end-to-end neurorrhaphy group showed still better results in the walking track analysis of rats.
Animals ; Contracture ; Humans ; Male ; Peripheral Nerves ; Peroneal Nerve ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tibial Nerve ; Walking*

Although 'small chin' is not a medical terminology, it is widely used between non-medical persons and even between medical doctors. But there are two kinds of diagnosis which look small chin. One is microgenia and another is micrognathia and because they called as a same name 'small chin', sometimes they are confused and result in suboptimal operation result. Microgenia can be treated by advancing sliding genioplasty, implant insertion and sometime by fat grafting. And micrognathia must be treated by orthognathic surgery theoretically. But many times advancing sliding genioplasty, implant insertion or fat grafting are applied to micrognathia. Sometime it was done by misdiagnosis but sometimes it is done intentionally to avoid orthognathic sugery which is considered as a complicated operation to the peoples who are unfamiliar to it. Sometimes it results in somewhat acceptable result, but it is not the best. So in this article, the author is going to discuss about the different results of orthgnathic surgery and camouflage sliding advancing genioplasty.
Chin ; Diagnostic Errors ; Genioplasty ; Humans ; Intention ; Mandible ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Transplants

The zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) functions as a buttress for the face and is the cornerstone to a person's aesthetic appearance, by both setting the midfacial width and providing prominence to the cheek. Malar deficiency is often acquired by blunt injury incurred in a traumatic accident, resulting in ZMC fracture. A 48-year-old male patient presented a right ZMC fracture after contusion injury by a baseball. He only received conservative management and later he suffered discomfort during mouth opening at the moment of mastication, due to trismus involving the temporomandibular joint. In the current case, we describe a surgical technique, by which the malar body is shifted anteriorly and laterally after combined oblique-vertical osteotomy. The technique presented, eventually restored the former aesthetic position of the malar complex and symmetry, and, moreover, improved mastication function.
Baseball ; Cheek ; Contusions ; Fractures, Malunited ; Humans ; Male ; Mastication ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Osteotomy* ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Transplants* ; Trismus ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating

A 17-month-old boy was evaluated for a midline mass on his chin. The mass was anchored to the mentalis muscle with a stalk-like structure. The pathological diagnosis of the mass was rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma. This is the first report of rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma presenting as a midline chin mass in Korean pediatric patients.
Chin* ; Diagnosis ; Hamartoma* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mandibular Neoplasms ; Rhabdomyoma ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

A 17-month-old boy was evaluated for a midline mass on his chin. The mass was anchored to the mentalis muscle with a stalk-like structure. The pathological diagnosis of the mass was rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma. This is the first report of rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma presenting as a midline chin mass in Korean pediatric patients.
Chin* ; Diagnosis ; Hamartoma* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mandibular Neoplasms ; Rhabdomyoma ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

It is uncommon for a palatal fistula to be detected in individuals who have not undergone surgery, and only sporadic cases have been reported. It is even more difficult to find cases of acquired palatal fistula in patients with submucous or incomplete cleft palate. Herein, we present 2 rare cases of this phenomenon. Case 1 was a patient with submucous cleft palate who acquired a palatal fistula after suffering from oral candidiasis at the age of 5 months. Case 2 was a patient with incomplete cleft palate who spontaneously, without trauma or infection, presented with a palatal fistula at the age of 9 months.
Candidiasis, Oral ; Cleft Palate* ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Oral Fistula

Temporal hollowing is a contour deformity that results in a concavity or hollowing of the temporal region, causing significant cosmetic problems that affect patients both physically and psychologically. For these patients, cranioplasty is needed for protective coverage of the brain and to restore a pleasing aesthetic contour to the cranium. We report a case in which titanium mesh was used as a customized craniofacial implant for a bony defect and a silicone implant was used for soft tissue augmentation of muscle and to address temporal fat pad atrophy. The procedure resulted in high patient satisfaction from an aesthetic standpoint and, importantly, restored a functional barrier resistant to trauma.
Adipose Tissue ; Atrophy ; Brain ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Patient Satisfaction ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Skull ; Temporal Bone ; Temporal Lobe ; Titanium

Trauma in the modern society is characterized by multiple injuries, and the several comorbidities are often accompanied by facial bone fracture. The types of multiple facial bone fractures vary from Le Fort to panfacial fracture. Le Fort fracture, which can cause problems, such as facial disfigurement, functional impairment of mastication, malocclusion and speech abnormalities, is a challenging case for plastic surgeons. The purpose of treatment for patients with malocclusion due to Le Fort fracture is to maintain and restore both function and aesthetics. The author reports a case of Le Fort I osteotomy as a surgical correction of traumatic class III malocclusion due to Le Fort III fracture.
Comorbidity ; Esthetics ; Facial Bones ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mastication ; Multiple Trauma ; Osteotomy ; Osteotomy, Le Fort ; Plastics ; Surgeons

Periorbital dermatochalasis with upper eyelid hooding, brow ptosis, and sunken eyelids may appear with age. Because classic blepharoplasty is unable to correct all these issues, we developed a single operation, which we present herein, to correct dermatochalasis accompanied by sunken eyelids. This sub-brow approach is used with simultaneous browpexy by fixing the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) to the periosteum immediately above the supraorbital rim using sutures with 3 or 4 points of fixation and correcting sunken eyelids by burying the elevated dermis, fat, and OOM after de-epithelization in the lower flap of the sunken upper eyelid along the submuscular plane. This method enables the correction of sunken eyelids during the same operation without requiring an additional procedure, and offers the advantages of a shortened operation time and decreased cost. The presence of sunken eyelids in patients with dermatochalasis and severe lateral hooding may be corrected by the procedure described herein, thereby achieving periorbital rejuvenation while maintaining the original shape of the eyes.
Blepharoplasty ; Dermis ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Orbit ; Periosteum ; Rejuvenation ; Skin Aging ; Sutures

BACKGROUND: Autologous fat grafts are widely used in plastic surgery, but they have the disadvantage of unpredictability due to variable resorption. This meta-analysis examined the literature on the survival rate of autologous fat grafts using objective markers, and investigated the factors that affected the survival rate. METHODS: The reviewers searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from January 2001 to December 2017. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate fat graft survival and to identify variables that influenced the survival rate. RESULTS: A total of 27 studies (1,066 cases) were included in the meta-analysis. The mean survival rate of grafted fat was 56.5%. The survival rate was significantly higher for cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL) than for non-CAL (62% vs. 53.4%; P=0.015). The survival rate for procedures performed to correct lipoatrophy was higher than that of procedures performed for other purposes (64.6%; P=0.014), and was significantly higher in patients who underwent breast pre-expansion using the BRAVA device (66.2% vs. 50.35%; P=0.001). There were no significant differences in the survival rate according to the recipient site, harvesting method, or refinement method. CONCLUSIONS: Fat transplantation showed a varying survival rate, with an average of 56%. In patients who underwent CAL or breast pre-expansion with the BRAVA device, the survival rate of transplanted fat was higher than in their counterparts, supporting the use of these techniques in fat transplantation.
Adult Stem Cells ; Analysis of Variance ; Autografts ; Breast ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Methods ; Surgery, Plastic ; Survival Rate ; Transplants*