No abstract available.
Animals ; Isoproterenol* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Superoxides*

The cause of radiolucent filling defects in the upper urinary tract are malignant tumor, radiolucent stones, blood clots, air bubbles, congenital deformities of renal parenchyme, and various specific and non-specific infection and their sequence. So the differential diagnosis between malignancy and radiolucent stones is very important, and the exact and fast diagnosis of radiolucent stones is useful in excluding the possibility of malignancy. 27 cases with radiolucent stones were evaluated retrospectively for exact diagnosis and appropriate treatment method. Intravenous urography was done in all cases, and retrograde pyelography, ultrasonography, computed tomography and/or ureterorenoscopy were performed for diagnosis, if needed. Size of stones were measured below 10mm by transverse length in 19 cases (70.4%) with a range of 3 to30mm. The locations of stones were pelvocalyceal system in 8 cases (29.6%) and ureter in 19 cases (70.4%). Among the diagnostic methods, computed tomography was used most frequently. ESWL with retrograde pyelography was most frequent used method of treatment, also simple hydration to small stone was effective.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Ureter ; Urinary Tract ; Urography

PURPOSE: We investigated the possible inhibitory effect of aspirin during the initiation and post initiating stages on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) induced bladder carcinogenesis in female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group A received 0.05% BBN in drinking water for 12 weeks. Group B re ceived 0.05% BBN in drinking water with 0.5% aspirin in the diet for 12 weeks. Group C received control diet without added chemicals. The rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks. For identification of chemopreventive effect of aspirin, apoptosis was detected by in situ cell death detection method. The apoptotic index (AI) was calculated from the ratio of typical apoptotic cells relative to the total cells from observation of at least 1000 cells in each preneoplastic lesion among the groups. RESULTS: All cases of group A showed multiple lesions of simple and focal hyperplasia. The incidence of papilloma was 80% in group A. All cases of group B also showed multiple lesions of simple and focal hyperplasia but the incidence of papilloma was decreased to 20%. The total numbers counted of focal hyperplasia and papilloma lesions were significantly reduced in group B than in group A (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The mean AI in group A and B sequentially increased in preneoplastic lesions, as compared to that in the normal epithelium of the rat bladder. Significant differences in AI in the lesions of simple and focal hyperplasia between group A and B were noted (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The result suggests that aspirin significantly decreases the incidence of precancerous lesions and it can act as a chemopreventive agent for precancerous lesions of urinary bladder.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Aspirin* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Death ; Diet ; Drinking Water ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Incidence ; Papilloma ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: The goal of cystometry is the reproduction of the patient's clinical status to improve diagnosis and therapy. However practitioner should know that various factors such as temperature and speed of saline infusion can change the cystometry finding. The ice water test(IWT) is known as a simple method that it discriminate between upper and lower motor neuron lesion. The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship of factors occurred during cystometry and the usefulness of IWT. Materials and Methods: On the first study(Apr 1997 to Jun 1997), cystometry was performed in 60 patients with voiding difficulty. In this study we determined cystometry finding according to alteration of temperature(1 degrees C, 37 degrees C) and speed (20ml/min, 50ml/min) of saline infusion during consecutive cystometry. On the second study(Jun 1997 to Aug 1997), IWT was performed in 68 patients with voiding difficulty. The IWT was performed after cystometry with the patient in the supine position. The bladder was completely emptied, and 100ml of sterile 1 degrees C saline was infused within 250-300ml/min. In patient with a maximal cystometry capacity below 200ml, a volume of about half the capacity was infused. The test was considered positive if a sustained bladder contraction above 20cmH2O was registered or some of the cold saline was expelled within 1 minute. RESULTS: There was no relation between speed and temperature of infused saline about maximal bladder capacity, detrusor pressure and compliance during cystometry. Positive result of IWT was found in 31 (54.4%) among 57 patients with neurologic lesion and in 29(63.0%) among 46 patients with upper motor neuron lesion. In contrast, 10(90.9%) among 11 patients with non-neurological lesion and 8(72.7%) among 11 patients with lower motor neuron lesion was negative. Specificity for discrimination of upper motor neuron lesion and lower motor neuron lesion was 72.7%. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that cystometry finding was no relation between speed and temperature of infused saline about maximal bladder capacity, detrusor pressure and compliance during consecutive cystometry. The IWT is a simple supplementary urodynamic test that increases the precision of the diagnosis of upper motor neuron lesion. Thus, it was close enough to be used as a available procedure for subclinical upper motor neuron lesion.
Compliance ; Diagnosis ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Ice* ; Motor Neurons ; Reproduction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Supine Position ; Urinary Bladder ; Urodynamics ; Water*

Typical urodynamic findings in patients with intracranial lesion are uninhibited bladder contraction (detrusor hyperreflexia) with coordinated sphincter activity. However, the findings of urodynamic study are variable and dependent on the degree and site of intracranial lesion, the presence of underlying disease and the adequacy of initial management of voiding problems from onset of the neurologic symptoms. . In this study, we tried to investigate the urodynamic findings in 40 patients who had intracranial lesions (traumatic or organic brain disease) with voiding dysfunction. The following results were obtained. 1. Out of all 40 patients, 35 had organic brain disease such as infarct, intracranial hemorrhage, or Parkinsonism etc. and 5 had traumatic brain disease. 2. Among 40 patients, detrusor hyperreflexia was presented in 29 (72.5%), detrusor areflexia in 9 (22.5%) and normal detrusor pressure in 2 (5%). 3. In 29 cases of detrusor hyperreflexia, there was no history of urinary retention, but in 12 cases with history of urinary retention, 9 cases (75%) revealed as detrusor areflexia. 4. No specific cause except the history of urinary retention was considerable in 8 of 9 patients with detrusor areflexia. In our study, urodynamic findings in the patients with intracranial lesion who had voiding dysfunction revealed nine cases (22.5%) of detrusor areflexia and the presumptive cause of detrusor areflexia is considered to previous urinary retention. Therefore, highly individualized and programmed early urologic involvement on the basis of urodynamic study is recommended for the prevention of urinary retention in initial ""cerebral shock"" stage of cerebrovascular accident and when detrusor areflexia had been developed, intensive management for the removal of the residual urine is necessary.
Brain ; Brain Diseases ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Stroke ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Retention ; Urodynamics*

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a golden standard to treatment of symptomatic urinary calculi. Many experiences treated with ESWL has been reported in worldwide literatures. But there are a little reports which analyze factors influencing on successful stone fragmentation with ESWL. We reviewed 136 patients with primary ureteral calculi treated with the third generation lithotripter, Modulith SL-20, to analyze the factors influencing on stone fragmentation and to determine the limit of repeated ESWL. The results were as follows: 1.The cumulative successful rates of the first, second, third, 4th and 8th session were 72%, 90%, 96%, 98% and 98%, respectively. Any successful stone fragmentation is not seen after the 5th session. 2.The more the size of calculi increase, the more the numbers of repeated ESWL are increased (p=0.001). 3.The number of repeated ESWL for successful fragmentation increase in radio-opaque calculi than slightly opaque calculi (p=0.001). 4.The location of calculi is not correlated to the numbers of repeated ESWL for successful fragmentation (p=0.09). 5.The degree of ureteral obstruction is not correlated to the numbers of repeated lithotripsies for successful fragmentation (p=0.28). It could be concluded that the size and radio-opacity of calculi are well correlated to the numbers of repeated lithotripsies for successful fragmentation, whereas the location and the degree of ureteral obstruction are not.
Calculi ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Shock ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Calculi ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urinary Calculi

BACKGROUND: Testicular rupture is a surgical emergency which command immediate repair. If surgery is delayed, a hematoma causes severe pain and loss of spermatogenesis as well as hormonal functions. Scrotal ultrasonography has been helpful in early diagnosis of testicular rupture. But disadvantage of ultrasonography include a relatively low signal-to-noise level, tissue nonspecificity, lack of contrast media, a small field of view, and dependence on the operators skill and the patients physique. Also the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity or specificity of scrotal ultrasonography was variable in regard to authors. And so, a diagnostic accuracy of scrotal ultrasonography was evaluated in scrotal trauma. METHODS: We reviewed 38 patients of scrotal trauma from May, 1994 to March, 1998. 6 patients were treated conservatively following scrotal sonography and 10 patients treated only surgical exploration without ultrasonography. Surgical exploration was performed in 22 case, which were evaluated by ultrasound before surgical treatment. In a such 22 cases, diagnostic accuracy of scrotal ultrasonography was evaluated. RESULTS: We compared ultrasound before treatment with surgical exploration finding in a such 22 cases. The ultrasonographic features in 7(31.8%) out of 22 cases, which showed testicular ruptured, but surgical exploration revealed testicular rupture in 5 and epididymal rupture in 1, simple hematocele in 1. In 15(68.2%) out of 22 cases the simple hematocele was diagnosed by ultrasonography, but surgical finding feature in of the 7 cases revealed testicular rupture, epididymal rupture in 1, simple hematocele in 7. The sensitivity and specificity for the ultrasonography are 42.9% and 87.5%, and the positive and negative predictive values are 86.5% and 46.7%, respectively. Ultrasonography is low sensitive in identifying testicular rupture. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography include a relatively low signal-to-noise level, tissue nonspecificity, lack of contrast media, a small field of view, and dependence on the operators skill and the patients physique. Therefore, early surgical exploration for saving the testis should be performed that sonographically by seeing hypoehoic peripheral lesions and disappearance of normal ovoid form of testis, hematocele in scrotal sac.
Contrast Media ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Hematocele ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Rupture ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; Ultrasonography*

Painless scrotal masses are clinical syndromes composed of variable causes such as benign disease and testicular cancer. So, the methods of treatment are differ from each causes and in the case of testicular cancer, as its painless nature, the delayed treatment can be alter the methods of treatment and the prognosis. During 21 months, between June 1994 and March 1996, we evaluated the confirmed diagnosis, the method of treatment, the diagnostic method and the distribution of age from the 125 cases of 109 patients who are admitted to the hospital from the painless scrotal mass and underwent surgical treatment and pathologic typing, retrospectively. Of the 125 cases, 57 cases (46%) were below 20 years old and communicating hydrocele was most common case (51case) and 66 cases were age of over 20 years old. In 66 cases, 17 cases (25%) were chronic epididymitis, 15 cases (22.1%) were noncommunicating hydrocele and 9 cases (13.2%) were varicocele, respectively. Malignant neoplasm was distributed to the 1 case of pediatric group and 3 cases (4.4%) of adult group. Transillumination test, generally, revealed negative or equivocal finding except to hydrocele. On the ultrasonographic test (35 cases). most cases were identical or correspond to the postoperative diagnosis and 1 case was misdiagnosed (accuracy rate, 97.1%) but in the case of inflammatory disease, it was difficult to differentiate between specific and non-specific infection. We conclude that the work up for the painless scrotal mass should begin with careful physical examination, and when the physical examination, scrotal transillumination and scrotal ultrasonography show the equivocal finding, surgical exploration with inguinal incision will be necesssary to prevent sequelae or complication of malignant disease.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Epididymitis ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Transillumination ; Ultrasonography ; Varicocele ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the direct effects of ethanol and its metabolites, acetaldehyde and acetic acid, on isolated rat bladder muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For measuring of isometric tension change, rat bladder muscle strips were used. Following ethanol(0.25-3%) was applied to bethanechol(0.1mM)-precontracted muscle strips, acetaldehyde(0.1 to 10mM) and acetic acid(0.1 to 10mM) were applied to resting muscle strips respectively, and were applied to bethanechol(0.1 mM)-precontracted muscle strips respectively. RESULTS: Bladder contraction of tissue strips induced by bethanechol was reduced by ethanol in a dose-dependent manner. Acetaldehyde(1 to 10mM) and acetic acid(5 to 1 0mM) increased the rssting tension(control group), and acetaldehyde(0.1 to 10mM) and acetic acid(0.1 to 10mM) applied to bethanechol-induced contraction enhanced significantly contraction compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that responses of the rat bladder muscle were reduced by exposure to ethanol, and however, acetaldehyde and acetic acid affect the resting tension itself and show synergistic effect to bethanechol in bladder contractility. These suggest that all of the acute ethanol intoxication did not cause to urinary retention in human with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Acetaldehyde ; Acetic Acid ; Animals ; Bethanechol ; Ethanol* ; Humans ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Retention