No abstract available.
Animals ; Isoproterenol* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Superoxides*

The cause of radiolucent filling defects in the upper urinary tract are malignant tumor, radiolucent stones, blood clots, air bubbles, congenital deformities of renal parenchyme, and various specific and non-specific infection and their sequence. So the differential diagnosis between malignancy and radiolucent stones is very important, and the exact and fast diagnosis of radiolucent stones is useful in excluding the possibility of malignancy. 27 cases with radiolucent stones were evaluated retrospectively for exact diagnosis and appropriate treatment method. Intravenous urography was done in all cases, and retrograde pyelography, ultrasonography, computed tomography and/or ureterorenoscopy were performed for diagnosis, if needed. Size of stones were measured below 10mm by transverse length in 19 cases (70.4%) with a range of 3 to30mm. The locations of stones were pelvocalyceal system in 8 cases (29.6%) and ureter in 19 cases (70.4%). Among the diagnostic methods, computed tomography was used most frequently. ESWL with retrograde pyelography was most frequent used method of treatment, also simple hydration to small stone was effective.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Ureter ; Urinary Tract ; Urography

PURPOSE: We investigated the possible inhibitory effect of aspirin during the initiation and post initiating stages on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) induced bladder carcinogenesis in female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group A received 0.05% BBN in drinking water for 12 weeks. Group B re ceived 0.05% BBN in drinking water with 0.5% aspirin in the diet for 12 weeks. Group C received control diet without added chemicals. The rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks. For identification of chemopreventive effect of aspirin, apoptosis was detected by in situ cell death detection method. The apoptotic index (AI) was calculated from the ratio of typical apoptotic cells relative to the total cells from observation of at least 1000 cells in each preneoplastic lesion among the groups. RESULTS: All cases of group A showed multiple lesions of simple and focal hyperplasia. The incidence of papilloma was 80% in group A. All cases of group B also showed multiple lesions of simple and focal hyperplasia but the incidence of papilloma was decreased to 20%. The total numbers counted of focal hyperplasia and papilloma lesions were significantly reduced in group B than in group A (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The mean AI in group A and B sequentially increased in preneoplastic lesions, as compared to that in the normal epithelium of the rat bladder. Significant differences in AI in the lesions of simple and focal hyperplasia between group A and B were noted (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The result suggests that aspirin significantly decreases the incidence of precancerous lesions and it can act as a chemopreventive agent for precancerous lesions of urinary bladder.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Aspirin* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Death ; Diet ; Drinking Water ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Incidence ; Papilloma ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: Nerve root compression from spinal stenosis or herniated intervertebral disc(HIVD) may affect bladder function by the disease itself, operation or inappropriate general postoperative care. Preoperative urodynamic study seems to be needed for differential diagnosis of postoperative bladder dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty three patients diagnosed as nerve root compression were analysed for urodynamic features prospectively and classified into type I(hyporeflexic, hyposensitive, normal sphincter and hypocontractile, high compliance), type II(hyperreflexic, hypersensitive, normal sphincter and hypocontractile, low compliance), type III(hyperreflexic, hypersensitive, normal sphincter and hypercontractile, low compliance) and normal. Correlation with voiding symptoms, duration of the disease and urodynamic findings was evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 56.2 years(29-80 years old), including 21 men and 12 women. Among thirty three patients, 21 had spinal stenosis and twelve patients were diagnosed as HIVD. Urodynamically, there were 16 cases(48.5%) showing type II, 6 cases(18.2%) for type I and 2 cases(6%) for type III. Normal finding was shown in 9 cases(27.3%). No significant difference was shown in mean duration of disease and in urodynamic findings. Patients with voiding symptoms or abnormal urodynamic finding were 20 cases(60.6%) and 24 cases(72.7%), respectively. Among thirteen patients without voiding symptoms, eight patients(61.5%) had abnormal urodynamic findings. CONCLUSIONS: Voiding symptoms and urodynamic findings in patients with nerve root compression were various. Because there is no consistent pattern of dysfunction with any type of nerve root compression disease, preoperative urodynamic study seems to the cornerstone for rational therapy and gives the exact information of bladder function to orthopedic operator.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Postoperative Care ; Prospective Studies ; Radiculopathy* ; Spinal Stenosis ; Urinary Bladder ; Urodynamics*

BACKGROUND: Testicular rupture is a surgical emergency which command immediate repair. If surgery is delayed, a hematoma causes severe pain and loss of spermatogenesis as well as hormonal functions. Scrotal ultrasonography has been helpful in early diagnosis of testicular rupture. But disadvantage of ultrasonography include a relatively low signal-to-noise level, tissue nonspecificity, lack of contrast media, a small field of view, and dependence on the operators skill and the patients physique. Also the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity or specificity of scrotal ultrasonography was variable in regard to authors. And so, a diagnostic accuracy of scrotal ultrasonography was evaluated in scrotal trauma. METHODS: We reviewed 38 patients of scrotal trauma from May, 1994 to March, 1998. 6 patients were treated conservatively following scrotal sonography and 10 patients treated only surgical exploration without ultrasonography. Surgical exploration was performed in 22 case, which were evaluated by ultrasound before surgical treatment. In a such 22 cases, diagnostic accuracy of scrotal ultrasonography was evaluated. RESULTS: We compared ultrasound before treatment with surgical exploration finding in a such 22 cases. The ultrasonographic features in 7(31.8%) out of 22 cases, which showed testicular ruptured, but surgical exploration revealed testicular rupture in 5 and epididymal rupture in 1, simple hematocele in 1. In 15(68.2%) out of 22 cases the simple hematocele was diagnosed by ultrasonography, but surgical finding feature in of the 7 cases revealed testicular rupture, epididymal rupture in 1, simple hematocele in 7. The sensitivity and specificity for the ultrasonography are 42.9% and 87.5%, and the positive and negative predictive values are 86.5% and 46.7%, respectively. Ultrasonography is low sensitive in identifying testicular rupture. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography include a relatively low signal-to-noise level, tissue nonspecificity, lack of contrast media, a small field of view, and dependence on the operators skill and the patients physique. Therefore, early surgical exploration for saving the testis should be performed that sonographically by seeing hypoehoic peripheral lesions and disappearance of normal ovoid form of testis, hematocele in scrotal sac.
Contrast Media ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Hematocele ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Rupture ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the direct effects of ethanol and its metabolites, acetaldehyde and acetic acid, on isolated rat bladder muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For measuring of isometric tension change, rat bladder muscle strips were used. Following ethanol(0.25-3%) was applied to bethanechol(0.1mM)-precontracted muscle strips, acetaldehyde(0.1 to 10mM) and acetic acid(0.1 to 10mM) were applied to resting muscle strips respectively, and were applied to bethanechol(0.1 mM)-precontracted muscle strips respectively. RESULTS: Bladder contraction of tissue strips induced by bethanechol was reduced by ethanol in a dose-dependent manner. Acetaldehyde(1 to 10mM) and acetic acid(5 to 1 0mM) increased the rssting tension(control group), and acetaldehyde(0.1 to 10mM) and acetic acid(0.1 to 10mM) applied to bethanechol-induced contraction enhanced significantly contraction compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that responses of the rat bladder muscle were reduced by exposure to ethanol, and however, acetaldehyde and acetic acid affect the resting tension itself and show synergistic effect to bethanechol in bladder contractility. These suggest that all of the acute ethanol intoxication did not cause to urinary retention in human with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Acetaldehyde ; Acetic Acid ; Animals ; Bethanechol ; Ethanol* ; Humans ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Retention

Typical urodynamic findings in patients with intracranial lesion are uninhibited bladder contraction (detrusor hyperreflexia) with coordinated sphincter activity. However, the findings of urodynamic study are variable and dependent on the degree and site of intracranial lesion, the presence of underlying disease and the adequacy of initial management of voiding problems from onset of the neurologic symptoms. . In this study, we tried to investigate the urodynamic findings in 40 patients who had intracranial lesions (traumatic or organic brain disease) with voiding dysfunction. The following results were obtained. 1. Out of all 40 patients, 35 had organic brain disease such as infarct, intracranial hemorrhage, or Parkinsonism etc. and 5 had traumatic brain disease. 2. Among 40 patients, detrusor hyperreflexia was presented in 29 (72.5%), detrusor areflexia in 9 (22.5%) and normal detrusor pressure in 2 (5%). 3. In 29 cases of detrusor hyperreflexia, there was no history of urinary retention, but in 12 cases with history of urinary retention, 9 cases (75%) revealed as detrusor areflexia. 4. No specific cause except the history of urinary retention was considerable in 8 of 9 patients with detrusor areflexia. In our study, urodynamic findings in the patients with intracranial lesion who had voiding dysfunction revealed nine cases (22.5%) of detrusor areflexia and the presumptive cause of detrusor areflexia is considered to previous urinary retention. Therefore, highly individualized and programmed early urologic involvement on the basis of urodynamic study is recommended for the prevention of urinary retention in initial ""cerebral shock"" stage of cerebrovascular accident and when detrusor areflexia had been developed, intensive management for the removal of the residual urine is necessary.
Brain ; Brain Diseases ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Stroke ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Retention ; Urodynamics*

PURPOSE: The goal of cystometry is the reproduction of the patient's clinical status to improve diagnosis and therapy. However practitioner should know that various factors such as temperature and speed of saline infusion can change the cystometry finding. The ice water test(IWT) is known as a simple method that it discriminate between upper and lower motor neuron lesion. The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship of factors occurred during cystometry and the usefulness of IWT. Materials and Methods: On the first study(Apr 1997 to Jun 1997), cystometry was performed in 60 patients with voiding difficulty. In this study we determined cystometry finding according to alteration of temperature(1 degrees C, 37 degrees C) and speed (20ml/min, 50ml/min) of saline infusion during consecutive cystometry. On the second study(Jun 1997 to Aug 1997), IWT was performed in 68 patients with voiding difficulty. The IWT was performed after cystometry with the patient in the supine position. The bladder was completely emptied, and 100ml of sterile 1 degrees C saline was infused within 250-300ml/min. In patient with a maximal cystometry capacity below 200ml, a volume of about half the capacity was infused. The test was considered positive if a sustained bladder contraction above 20cmH2O was registered or some of the cold saline was expelled within 1 minute. RESULTS: There was no relation between speed and temperature of infused saline about maximal bladder capacity, detrusor pressure and compliance during cystometry. Positive result of IWT was found in 31 (54.4%) among 57 patients with neurologic lesion and in 29(63.0%) among 46 patients with upper motor neuron lesion. In contrast, 10(90.9%) among 11 patients with non-neurological lesion and 8(72.7%) among 11 patients with lower motor neuron lesion was negative. Specificity for discrimination of upper motor neuron lesion and lower motor neuron lesion was 72.7%. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that cystometry finding was no relation between speed and temperature of infused saline about maximal bladder capacity, detrusor pressure and compliance during consecutive cystometry. The IWT is a simple supplementary urodynamic test that increases the precision of the diagnosis of upper motor neuron lesion. Thus, it was close enough to be used as a available procedure for subclinical upper motor neuron lesion.
Compliance ; Diagnosis ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Ice* ; Motor Neurons ; Reproduction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Supine Position ; Urinary Bladder ; Urodynamics ; Water*

PURPOSE: To evaluated the effectiveness of abdominal ultrasonography as the initial diagnostic method in blunt renal trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was undertaken to compare computerized tomography with abdominal ultrasonography in radiographic staging of blunt renal trauma(Renal Injury scale grade I-V by Moor) except vascular injury. During 3-years period(May 1994 to March 1997), emergency computerized tomography was performed in 66 patients with blunt renal trauma, simultaneously 34 patients among 66 patient were scanned by abdominal ultrasonography. RESULTS: Gross hematuria were present 48% of renal trauma cases. The degree of hematuria showed not correlation with the severity of renal injury(p-value=0.213, by Chi-square test). In diagnostic agreement of abdominal ultrasonography compared to computerized tomography, the diagnostic agreement of minor renal injury(x=0.544, by k2 statistics) was higher than that of major renal injury(r=0.375, by k2 statistics). The overall diagnostic agreement of abdominal ultrasonography in detecting adjacent organ injury was 0.321 (k value). CONCLUSIONS: In ultrasonography imaging, we concluded that minor blunt rectal trauma is not necessary other radiologic evaluation, but major blunt renal trauma should be evaluated by computerized tomography for proper diagnosis of combined injury and diagnostic staging of renal trauma. Renal trauma associated Intraabdominal injury should undergo with ultrasonography-guided paracentesis. Based under result of our study, we suggest the use of abdominal ultrasonography as the initial diagnostic method in blunt renal trauma compatible for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Paracentesis ; Ultrasonography* ; Vascular System Injuries