No abstract available.
Animals ; Isoproterenol* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

The cause of radiolucent filling defects in the upper urinary tract are malignant tumor, radiolucent stones, blood clots, air bubbles, congenital deformities of renal parenchyme, and various specific and non-specific infection and their sequence. So the differential diagnosis between malignancy and radiolucent stones is very important, and the exact and fast diagnosis of radiolucent stones is useful in excluding the possibility of malignancy. 27 cases with radiolucent stones were evaluated retrospectively for exact diagnosis and appropriate treatment method. Intravenous urography was done in all cases, and retrograde pyelography, ultrasonography, computed tomography and/or ureterorenoscopy were performed for diagnosis, if needed. Size of stones were measured below 10mm by transverse length in 19 cases (70.4%) with a range of 3 to30mm. The locations of stones were pelvocalyceal system in 8 cases (29.6%) and ureter in 19 cases (70.4%). Among the diagnostic methods, computed tomography was used most frequently. ESWL with retrograde pyelography was most frequent used method of treatment, also simple hydration to small stone was effective.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Ureter ; Urinary Tract ; Urography

PURPOSE: We investigated the possible inhibitory effect of aspirin during the initiation and post initiating stages on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) induced bladder carcinogenesis in female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group A received 0.05% BBN in drinking water for 12 weeks. Group B re ceived 0.05% BBN in drinking water with 0.5% aspirin in the diet for 12 weeks. Group C received control diet without added chemicals. The rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks. For identification of chemopreventive effect of aspirin, apoptosis was detected by in situ cell death detection method. The apoptotic index (AI) was calculated from the ratio of typical apoptotic cells relative to the total cells from observation of at least 1000 cells in each preneoplastic lesion among the groups. RESULTS: All cases of group A showed multiple lesions of simple and focal hyperplasia. The incidence of papilloma was 80% in group A. All cases of group B also showed multiple lesions of simple and focal hyperplasia but the incidence of papilloma was decreased to 20%. The total numbers counted of focal hyperplasia and papilloma lesions were significantly reduced in group B than in group A (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The mean AI in group A and B sequentially increased in preneoplastic lesions, as compared to that in the normal epithelium of the rat bladder. Significant differences in AI in the lesions of simple and focal hyperplasia between group A and B were noted (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The result suggests that aspirin significantly decreases the incidence of precancerous lesions and it can act as a chemopreventive agent for precancerous lesions of urinary bladder.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Aspirin* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Death ; Diet ; Drinking Water ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Incidence ; Papilloma ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Superoxides*

Painless scrotal masses are clinical syndromes composed of variable causes such as benign disease and testicular cancer. So, the methods of treatment are differ from each causes and in the case of testicular cancer, as its painless nature, the delayed treatment can be alter the methods of treatment and the prognosis. During 21 months, between June 1994 and March 1996, we evaluated the confirmed diagnosis, the method of treatment, the diagnostic method and the distribution of age from the 125 cases of 109 patients who are admitted to the hospital from the painless scrotal mass and underwent surgical treatment and pathologic typing, retrospectively. Of the 125 cases, 57 cases (46%) were below 20 years old and communicating hydrocele was most common case (51case) and 66 cases were age of over 20 years old. In 66 cases, 17 cases (25%) were chronic epididymitis, 15 cases (22.1%) were noncommunicating hydrocele and 9 cases (13.2%) were varicocele, respectively. Malignant neoplasm was distributed to the 1 case of pediatric group and 3 cases (4.4%) of adult group. Transillumination test, generally, revealed negative or equivocal finding except to hydrocele. On the ultrasonographic test (35 cases). most cases were identical or correspond to the postoperative diagnosis and 1 case was misdiagnosed (accuracy rate, 97.1%) but in the case of inflammatory disease, it was difficult to differentiate between specific and non-specific infection. We conclude that the work up for the painless scrotal mass should begin with careful physical examination, and when the physical examination, scrotal transillumination and scrotal ultrasonography show the equivocal finding, surgical exploration with inguinal incision will be necesssary to prevent sequelae or complication of malignant disease.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Epididymitis ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Transillumination ; Ultrasonography ; Varicocele ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Testicular rupture is a surgical emergency which command immediate repair. If surgery is delayed, a hematoma causes severe pain and loss of spermatogenesis as well as hormonal functions. Scrotal ultrasonography has been helpful in early diagnosis of testicular rupture. But disadvantage of ultrasonography include a relatively low signal-to-noise level, tissue nonspecificity, lack of contrast media, a small field of view, and dependence on the operators skill and the patients physique. Also the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity or specificity of scrotal ultrasonography was variable in regard to authors. And so, a diagnostic accuracy of scrotal ultrasonography was evaluated in scrotal trauma. METHODS: We reviewed 38 patients of scrotal trauma from May, 1994 to March, 1998. 6 patients were treated conservatively following scrotal sonography and 10 patients treated only surgical exploration without ultrasonography. Surgical exploration was performed in 22 case, which were evaluated by ultrasound before surgical treatment. In a such 22 cases, diagnostic accuracy of scrotal ultrasonography was evaluated. RESULTS: We compared ultrasound before treatment with surgical exploration finding in a such 22 cases. The ultrasonographic features in 7(31.8%) out of 22 cases, which showed testicular ruptured, but surgical exploration revealed testicular rupture in 5 and epididymal rupture in 1, simple hematocele in 1. In 15(68.2%) out of 22 cases the simple hematocele was diagnosed by ultrasonography, but surgical finding feature in of the 7 cases revealed testicular rupture, epididymal rupture in 1, simple hematocele in 7. The sensitivity and specificity for the ultrasonography are 42.9% and 87.5%, and the positive and negative predictive values are 86.5% and 46.7%, respectively. Ultrasonography is low sensitive in identifying testicular rupture. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography include a relatively low signal-to-noise level, tissue nonspecificity, lack of contrast media, a small field of view, and dependence on the operators skill and the patients physique. Therefore, early surgical exploration for saving the testis should be performed that sonographically by seeing hypoehoic peripheral lesions and disappearance of normal ovoid form of testis, hematocele in scrotal sac.
Contrast Media ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Hematocele ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Rupture ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: Nerve root compression from spinal stenosis or herniated intervertebral disc(HIVD) may affect bladder function by the disease itself, operation or inappropriate general postoperative care. Preoperative urodynamic study seems to be needed for differential diagnosis of postoperative bladder dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty three patients diagnosed as nerve root compression were analysed for urodynamic features prospectively and classified into type I(hyporeflexic, hyposensitive, normal sphincter and hypocontractile, high compliance), type II(hyperreflexic, hypersensitive, normal sphincter and hypocontractile, low compliance), type III(hyperreflexic, hypersensitive, normal sphincter and hypercontractile, low compliance) and normal. Correlation with voiding symptoms, duration of the disease and urodynamic findings was evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 56.2 years(29-80 years old), including 21 men and 12 women. Among thirty three patients, 21 had spinal stenosis and twelve patients were diagnosed as HIVD. Urodynamically, there were 16 cases(48.5%) showing type II, 6 cases(18.2%) for type I and 2 cases(6%) for type III. Normal finding was shown in 9 cases(27.3%). No significant difference was shown in mean duration of disease and in urodynamic findings. Patients with voiding symptoms or abnormal urodynamic finding were 20 cases(60.6%) and 24 cases(72.7%), respectively. Among thirteen patients without voiding symptoms, eight patients(61.5%) had abnormal urodynamic findings. CONCLUSIONS: Voiding symptoms and urodynamic findings in patients with nerve root compression were various. Because there is no consistent pattern of dysfunction with any type of nerve root compression disease, preoperative urodynamic study seems to the cornerstone for rational therapy and gives the exact information of bladder function to orthopedic operator.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Postoperative Care ; Prospective Studies ; Radiculopathy* ; Spinal Stenosis ; Urinary Bladder ; Urodynamics*

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a golden standard to treatment of symptomatic urinary calculi. Many experiences treated with ESWL has been reported in worldwide literatures. But there are a little reports which analyze factors influencing on successful stone fragmentation with ESWL. We reviewed 136 patients with primary ureteral calculi treated with the third generation lithotripter, Modulith SL-20, to analyze the factors influencing on stone fragmentation and to determine the limit of repeated ESWL. The results were as follows: 1.The cumulative successful rates of the first, second, third, 4th and 8th session were 72%, 90%, 96%, 98% and 98%, respectively. Any successful stone fragmentation is not seen after the 5th session. 2.The more the size of calculi increase, the more the numbers of repeated ESWL are increased (p=0.001). 3.The number of repeated ESWL for successful fragmentation increase in radio-opaque calculi than slightly opaque calculi (p=0.001). 4.The location of calculi is not correlated to the numbers of repeated ESWL for successful fragmentation (p=0.09). 5.The degree of ureteral obstruction is not correlated to the numbers of repeated lithotripsies for successful fragmentation (p=0.28). It could be concluded that the size and radio-opacity of calculi are well correlated to the numbers of repeated lithotripsies for successful fragmentation, whereas the location and the degree of ureteral obstruction are not.
Calculi ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Shock ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Calculi ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urinary Calculi

No abstract available.
Hamartoma*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the direct effects of ethanol and its metabolites, acetaldehyde and acetic acid, on isolated rat bladder muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For measuring of isometric tension change, rat bladder muscle strips were used. Following ethanol(0.25-3%) was applied to bethanechol(0.1mM)-precontracted muscle strips, acetaldehyde(0.1 to 10mM) and acetic acid(0.1 to 10mM) were applied to resting muscle strips respectively, and were applied to bethanechol(0.1 mM)-precontracted muscle strips respectively. RESULTS: Bladder contraction of tissue strips induced by bethanechol was reduced by ethanol in a dose-dependent manner. Acetaldehyde(1 to 10mM) and acetic acid(5 to 1 0mM) increased the rssting tension(control group), and acetaldehyde(0.1 to 10mM) and acetic acid(0.1 to 10mM) applied to bethanechol-induced contraction enhanced significantly contraction compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that responses of the rat bladder muscle were reduced by exposure to ethanol, and however, acetaldehyde and acetic acid affect the resting tension itself and show synergistic effect to bethanechol in bladder contractility. These suggest that all of the acute ethanol intoxication did not cause to urinary retention in human with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Acetaldehyde ; Acetic Acid ; Animals ; Bethanechol ; Ethanol* ; Humans ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Retention