Teratomas are neoplasm composed of a wide variety of tissues foreign to the organs or anatomic sites in which they arise. They generally arise in gonads but a few cases are described in extragonadal sites, such as sacro-coccygeal region, mediastinum, neck, and retroperitoneum. Most sacrococcygeal teratomas are encountered in infants, particularly in neonates, and a primary sacrococcygeal teratoma is a extremely rare neoplasm in adults. Recently, we experienced two cases of presacral teratomas arising in adult, therefore we present these cases with a brief review of the literatures
Adult* ; Gonads ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mediastinum ; Neck ; Teratoma*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Heel* ; Melanoma, Amelanotic* ; Ulcer*

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is an idiopathic neurodegenerative disorder involving many neuronal structures. It is a heterogeneous system disorder affecting extrapyramidal, cerebellar and autonomic nervous system. Only a minority of MSA patients are diagnosed before reaching the full blown stage. Its autonomic features like orthostatic hypotension, vocal cord paralysis are directly related to mortality. Up to now, rehabilitation of MSA patients had been rarely reported. Early, proper diagnosis and comprehensive rehabilitation for their heterogeneous clinical features are important. We experienced 54 year old hemiplegic paient who overlaps MSA. He showed some improvement in ADL and cerebellar symptoms after comprehensive rehabilitation programs.
Activities of Daily Living ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Multiple System Atrophy* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurons ; Rehabilitation ; Stroke* ; Vocal Cord Paralysis

BACKGROUND: Recent reports suggest that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may play an important role in such a wide spectrum of human neoplasia. Recently, peripheral T cell lymphomas and particularly, angiocentric lymphomas (ACL), increasingly are reported to be associated with EBV.Nasal-type and nasal T/NK cell lymphoma (TNKL) have recently been reported to comprise most of ACLs. The prognosis of these tumors has been extremely poor. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate EBV association in primary or secondary cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and to identify any prognostic association. METHODS: Thirty six patients with primary or secondary cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative (CTCL) disorders were examined to evaluate the presence of Epstein-Barr virus using in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER). RESULTS: EBER was detected in tumor cells in one third of the total cases (13/36); 4/4 secondary skin lymphoma from nasal TNKL, 8/8 primary cutaneous nasal type TNKLs and 1/5 mycosis fungoides (MF).EBER was not detected in the following disease: 6 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL) including 2 cases of probable NK-like T cell lineage, 3 lymphomatoid papulosis, 2 CD56 (-) T cell ACLs and 7 subcutaneous panniculitic T-cell lymphomas (SPTL) by Revised European-American Lymphoma (REAL) classification and recent concept of further classification into NK-cell lineage. One case of T-cell pseudolymphoma as a negative control was also negative in EBER. CONCLUSION: High incidence of EBV was observed in primary or secondary CTCLs in Koreans, with predilection for nasal and nasal type TNKL. In MFs, an erythrodermic MF with fatal outcome was associated with EBV and the EBV detection might reflect worse prognosis in MFs as seen in an aggressive course of nasal and nasal type TNKLs.
Cell Lineage ; Classification ; Fatal Outcome ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Incidence ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; Lymphomatoid Papulosis ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders* ; Mycosis Fungoides ; Prognosis ; Pseudolymphoma ; RNA* ; Skin ; T-Lymphocytes*

PURPOSE: To determine the characteristics of benign breast calcifications on mammogram. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Benign breast calcifications on mammograms of 25 patients, which were confirmed by needle localization and excisional biopsy(15 cases), cytology(1 case), or follow-up study(9 cases), were retrospectively analysed according to size, shape, number, distribution, and density. RESULTS: The size of benign breast calcifications was uniform in 4 cases (16%), and variable in 21 cases (84%). The shape of calcifications was round or oval in 18 cases(72%), linear or branching pattern in 6 cases (24%), and irregular in 1 case(4%). The number of calcifications was 2-5 in 7 cases(28%), and over 6 in 12 cases(48%). The distribution of calcifications was focal in 13 cases(52%) and diffuse in 12 cases(48%). The density of calcification was homogenous in all 25 cases(100%). CONCLUSION: Analysis of number, shape, size, and distribution is helpful for the diagnosis of benign breast calcifications. However the homogenous density of the calcification is suggested to be the most helpful criterion for the diagnosis of benign breast calcifications.
Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Needles ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the meaning of the life of middle-aged women. METHOD: The research method employed Q-methodology. Thirty-one participants rated 30 selected Q-statements on a scale of 1~7. The collected data were analyzed using PC-QUNAL software. RESULT: Principal component analysis identified 4 types of the meaning of the life of middle-aged women. The categories were labeled 'May I help you?', 'Alone', 'Who am I ?', 'No regret'. CONCLUSION: We have found meaning of life of middle-aged women through this research. The study result could be data to perform effective nursing intervention for positive life of middle-aged women.
Female ; Humans ; Nursing ; Principal Component Analysis

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate change of life in middle-aged men. METHOD: The research method employed Q-methodology. twenty-five participants rated 39 selected Q-statements on a scale of 1~9. The collected data were analyzed using pc- QUNAL software. RESULT: Principal component analysis identified 3 types of change of life in middle-aged men. The categories were labeled 'Mature-oriented', 'Effeminate-oriented', 'Juvenescence-oriented'. CONCLUSION: We have found change of life in middle-aged men through this research. To setup and apply differences based on this result is needed.
Climacteric* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged* ; Principal Component Analysis

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate change of life in middle-aged men. METHOD: The research method employed Q-methodology. twenty-five participants rated 39 selected Q-statements on a scale of 1~9. The collected data were analyzed using pc- QUNAL software. RESULT: Principal component analysis identified 3 types of change of life in middle-aged men. The categories were labeled 'Mature-oriented', 'Effeminate-oriented', 'Juvenescence-oriented'. CONCLUSION: We have found change of life in middle-aged men through this research. To setup and apply differences based on this result is needed.
Climacteric* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged* ; Principal Component Analysis

Cell-based therapy has emerged as a promising option for treating advanced ischemic cardiovascular disease by inducing vascular regeneration. However, clinical trials with adult cells turned out disappointing in general. As a newer approach, direct reprogramming has emerged to efficiently generate endothelial cells (ECs), which can promote neovascularization and vascular regeneration. This review provides recent updates on the direct endothelial reprogramming. In general, directly reprogrammed ECs can be generated by two approaches: one by transitioning through a plastic intermediate state and the other in a one-step transition without any intermediate states toward pluripotency. Moreover, the methods to deliver reprogramming factors and chemicals for the fate conversion are highlighted. Next, the therapeutic effects of the directly reprogrammed ECs on animal models are reviewed in detail. Other applications using directly reprogrammed ECs, such as tissue engineering and disease modeling, are also discussed. Lastly, the remaining questions and foremost challenges are addressed.