No abstract available.
Antioxidants* ; Oxidative Stress*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power estimation and the factors associated with outcome in eyes undergoing combined phacovitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: We performed a retrospective case review of 39 consecutive patients (44 eyes) that underwent phacovitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Axial lengths were measured using ultrasound (A-scan) and/or optical biometry (IOL Master). Achieved and predicted refractions were compared to calculate the mean postoperative refractive prediction error (ME) and the mean absolute prediction error (MAE). Systemic conditions of patients and several preoperative and postoperative factors related to the postoperative refraction were analyzed. RESULTS: The ME of 44 eyes were -0.23 +/- 0.52 diopters (D) and -0.23 +/- 0.47 D after 3 and 6 months, respectively (range, -1.40~+0.79 D). There was no statistically significant difference in the refractive outcomes between the refractive errors (p = 0.959). The MAEs were 0.45 +/- 0.35 D and 0.40 +/- 0.33 D after 3 and 6 months, respectively with no statistical significant difference between the results (p = 0.196). When comparing ME in the 20 eyes that achieved both results, ultrasound was more accurate than optical biometry (p = 0.002, 0.002). The factors associated with more inaccurate ME and MAE after phacovitrectomy were diabetic nephropathy and neovascular glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: Combined phacovitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy showed small biometric errors within the tolerable range in most cases. Patients with neovascular glaucoma and diabetic nephropathy had more inaccurate postoperative refractive power. Both optical biometry and ultrasound should be used to estimate axial lengths for improving the accuracy of IOL power calculation.
Biometry ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Refractive Errors ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate the distribution of the result of 17,744 cervicovaginal smears and their pathologic results in Inha University Hospital to make a reference data. METHODS: During 28 months, May 1996 to August 1998, we performed 17,774 cervicovaginal smears and arranged them by the Bethesda system and compared them with their pathologic results. RESULTS: Among 17,744 smears, there were 93.2% of benign results, 2.9% of ASCUS, 0.9% of LSIL, 1.4% of HSIL, and 0.8% of SCC. The ASCUS/SIL ratio was 1.28. Among ASCUS, the high grade histologic outcome was composed 4.0%. Among LSIL, there were 15.7%, and HSIL 48.0%, SCC 56.1%, AGUS 9.3%, and Adenocarcinoma, the results was 69.2%. CONCLUSION: Among 17,744 smears, there were 93.2% of benign results, 2.9% of ASCUS, 0.9% of LSIL, 1.4% of HSIL, and 0.8% of SCC. The ASCUS/SIL ratio was 1.28. These results were very similar to other data and we would like to add our data to them as a reference. And the worse the smear results were, the worse the pathologic results were.
Adenocarcinoma

We report a case of actinic granuloma in a 39 year-old woman who was presented with multiple anetoderma on non-sun exposed skin such as the neck, upper arms, elbows and calfs. The anetodermic presentation of actinic granuloma has never been reported and the common pathogenesis involving reduction of elastic fibers link the two disorders. Anetoderma secondary due to actinic granuloma should to be included in the list of secondary anetoderma and may suggest one of the possible pathogenesis of anetoderma.
Actins* ; Adult ; Anetoderma* ; Arm ; Elastic Tissue ; Elbow ; Female ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Neck ; Skin

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of corneal epithelial thickness (CET) measurements in normal eyes and eyes diagnosed with corneal disease using the epithelial thickness map (ETM) of anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with three OCT scans using the ETM mode of Cirrus OCT between October 2021 and January 2024 were reviewed. Two groups of subjects were included: (1) normal subjects with no history of ophthalmic surgery, corneal diseases, and topical antiglaucoma medication uses; and (2) subjects with corneal diseases including dry eye syndrome, recurrent corneal erosion, pterygium, and others. A total of 57 eyes of 57 normal subjects and 106 eyes of 76 patients with corneal disease were included. ETM was analyzed in 25 zones (one zone within 0–2 mm diameter, eight zones within 2–5 mm diameter, eight zones within 5–7 mm diameter, and eight zones within 7–9 mm diameter). Repeatability was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CoV), within-subject standard deviation (Sw), and Bland-Altman plot. Results: Among a total of 25 sectors, the normal eyes showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 2.160%–5.292%; Sw, 0.760– 1.653 μm) in 23 sectors, and corneal diseases patients also showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 4.167%–9.606%; Sw, 1.298–3.340 μm) in 22 sectors. However, the wide range of 95% limit of agreement width of Bland-Altman plot presented in corneal disease group and some peripheral zones in normal eyes indicates some variability of CET measurements. Conclusions Except for a few peripheral sectors, ETM of Cirrus OCT provides repeatable CET measurements in normal eyes; however in corneal disease group, repeatability was not consistently high. To measure CET accurately, performing multiple measurements is advised especially in patients with corneal disease and patients in whom peripheral CET values.

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of corneal epithelial thickness (CET) measurements in normal eyes and eyes diagnosed with corneal disease using the epithelial thickness map (ETM) of anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with three OCT scans using the ETM mode of Cirrus OCT between October 2021 and January 2024 were reviewed. Two groups of subjects were included: (1) normal subjects with no history of ophthalmic surgery, corneal diseases, and topical antiglaucoma medication uses; and (2) subjects with corneal diseases including dry eye syndrome, recurrent corneal erosion, pterygium, and others. A total of 57 eyes of 57 normal subjects and 106 eyes of 76 patients with corneal disease were included. ETM was analyzed in 25 zones (one zone within 0–2 mm diameter, eight zones within 2–5 mm diameter, eight zones within 5–7 mm diameter, and eight zones within 7–9 mm diameter). Repeatability was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CoV), within-subject standard deviation (Sw), and Bland-Altman plot. Results: Among a total of 25 sectors, the normal eyes showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 2.160%–5.292%; Sw, 0.760– 1.653 μm) in 23 sectors, and corneal diseases patients also showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 4.167%–9.606%; Sw, 1.298–3.340 μm) in 22 sectors. However, the wide range of 95% limit of agreement width of Bland-Altman plot presented in corneal disease group and some peripheral zones in normal eyes indicates some variability of CET measurements. Conclusions Except for a few peripheral sectors, ETM of Cirrus OCT provides repeatable CET measurements in normal eyes; however in corneal disease group, repeatability was not consistently high. To measure CET accurately, performing multiple measurements is advised especially in patients with corneal disease and patients in whom peripheral CET values.

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of corneal epithelial thickness (CET) measurements in normal eyes and eyes diagnosed with corneal disease using the epithelial thickness map (ETM) of anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with three OCT scans using the ETM mode of Cirrus OCT between October 2021 and January 2024 were reviewed. Two groups of subjects were included: (1) normal subjects with no history of ophthalmic surgery, corneal diseases, and topical antiglaucoma medication uses; and (2) subjects with corneal diseases including dry eye syndrome, recurrent corneal erosion, pterygium, and others. A total of 57 eyes of 57 normal subjects and 106 eyes of 76 patients with corneal disease were included. ETM was analyzed in 25 zones (one zone within 0–2 mm diameter, eight zones within 2–5 mm diameter, eight zones within 5–7 mm diameter, and eight zones within 7–9 mm diameter). Repeatability was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CoV), within-subject standard deviation (Sw), and Bland-Altman plot. Results: Among a total of 25 sectors, the normal eyes showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 2.160%–5.292%; Sw, 0.760– 1.653 μm) in 23 sectors, and corneal diseases patients also showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 4.167%–9.606%; Sw, 1.298–3.340 μm) in 22 sectors. However, the wide range of 95% limit of agreement width of Bland-Altman plot presented in corneal disease group and some peripheral zones in normal eyes indicates some variability of CET measurements. Conclusions Except for a few peripheral sectors, ETM of Cirrus OCT provides repeatable CET measurements in normal eyes; however in corneal disease group, repeatability was not consistently high. To measure CET accurately, performing multiple measurements is advised especially in patients with corneal disease and patients in whom peripheral CET values.

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of corneal epithelial thickness (CET) measurements in normal eyes and eyes diagnosed with corneal disease using the epithelial thickness map (ETM) of anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with three OCT scans using the ETM mode of Cirrus OCT between October 2021 and January 2024 were reviewed. Two groups of subjects were included: (1) normal subjects with no history of ophthalmic surgery, corneal diseases, and topical antiglaucoma medication uses; and (2) subjects with corneal diseases including dry eye syndrome, recurrent corneal erosion, pterygium, and others. A total of 57 eyes of 57 normal subjects and 106 eyes of 76 patients with corneal disease were included. ETM was analyzed in 25 zones (one zone within 0–2 mm diameter, eight zones within 2–5 mm diameter, eight zones within 5–7 mm diameter, and eight zones within 7–9 mm diameter). Repeatability was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CoV), within-subject standard deviation (Sw), and Bland-Altman plot. Results: Among a total of 25 sectors, the normal eyes showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 2.160%–5.292%; Sw, 0.760– 1.653 μm) in 23 sectors, and corneal diseases patients also showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 4.167%–9.606%; Sw, 1.298–3.340 μm) in 22 sectors. However, the wide range of 95% limit of agreement width of Bland-Altman plot presented in corneal disease group and some peripheral zones in normal eyes indicates some variability of CET measurements. Conclusions Except for a few peripheral sectors, ETM of Cirrus OCT provides repeatable CET measurements in normal eyes; however in corneal disease group, repeatability was not consistently high. To measure CET accurately, performing multiple measurements is advised especially in patients with corneal disease and patients in whom peripheral CET values.

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of corneal epithelial thickness (CET) measurements in normal eyes and eyes diagnosed with corneal disease using the epithelial thickness map (ETM) of anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with three OCT scans using the ETM mode of Cirrus OCT between October 2021 and January 2024 were reviewed. Two groups of subjects were included: (1) normal subjects with no history of ophthalmic surgery, corneal diseases, and topical antiglaucoma medication uses; and (2) subjects with corneal diseases including dry eye syndrome, recurrent corneal erosion, pterygium, and others. A total of 57 eyes of 57 normal subjects and 106 eyes of 76 patients with corneal disease were included. ETM was analyzed in 25 zones (one zone within 0–2 mm diameter, eight zones within 2–5 mm diameter, eight zones within 5–7 mm diameter, and eight zones within 7–9 mm diameter). Repeatability was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CoV), within-subject standard deviation (Sw), and Bland-Altman plot. Results: Among a total of 25 sectors, the normal eyes showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 2.160%–5.292%; Sw, 0.760– 1.653 μm) in 23 sectors, and corneal diseases patients also showed high repeatability (ICC, >0.75; CoV, 4.167%–9.606%; Sw, 1.298–3.340 μm) in 22 sectors. However, the wide range of 95% limit of agreement width of Bland-Altman plot presented in corneal disease group and some peripheral zones in normal eyes indicates some variability of CET measurements. Conclusions Except for a few peripheral sectors, ETM of Cirrus OCT provides repeatable CET measurements in normal eyes; however in corneal disease group, repeatability was not consistently high. To measure CET accurately, performing multiple measurements is advised especially in patients with corneal disease and patients in whom peripheral CET values.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the meaning of the life of middle-aged women. METHOD: The research method employed Q-methodology. Thirty-one participants rated 30 selected Q-statements on a scale of 1~7. The collected data were analyzed using PC-QUNAL software. RESULT: Principal component analysis identified 4 types of the meaning of the life of middle-aged women. The categories were labeled 'May I help you?', 'Alone', 'Who am I ?', 'No regret'. CONCLUSION: We have found meaning of life of middle-aged women through this research. The study result could be data to perform effective nursing intervention for positive life of middle-aged women.
Female ; Humans ; Nursing ; Principal Component Analysis