No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pneumoconiosis*

Due to its increasing incidence and longer life expectancy, more patients are being diagnosed with breast cancer at older ages. There are very limited data on the optimum management of older patients with advanced breast cancer, due to the under-representation of such individuals in clinical trials. Although older patients have more indolent disease with more Hormone Receptor positive disease and less HER2-positive disease, their disease-specific mortality remains lower than in younger patients, owing to the late diagnosis, under treatment due to age bias, reduced access to healthcare, and socioeconomic issues. Older patients with advanced breast cancer should be treated based on their biological tumor type, according to the patient's general health and preferences: endocrine treatment for HR-positive disease; Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-targeted agent with chemotherapy, endocrine therapy or HER2-targeted agent alone for HER2 positive disease. Chemotherapy should be considered for patients who are HR-negative, HR-positive but refractory to endocrine treatment, or with a rapidly progressing visceral crisis. Generally, sequential chemotherapy with a single agent is recommended over combination chemotherapy, and agents with known toxicities in older patients are recommended, including weekly taxane, vinorelbine, capecitabine, and liposomal doxorubicin. Some form of geriatric assessment should be performed for older patients to assess the patients' biological age, functional status, and address age-specific problems, leading to early interventions. The goal of therapy should be individualized to maintain the quality of life, function, and independence of older patients with cancer.
Aged ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Delivery of Health Care ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Geriatric Assessment ; Humans ; Incidence ; Life Expectancy ; Mortality ; Quality of Life ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Capecitabine

Due to its increasing incidence and longer life expectancy, more patients are being diagnosed with breast cancer at older ages. There are very limited data on the optimum management of older patients with advanced breast cancer, due to the under-representation of such individuals in clinical trials. Although older patients have more indolent disease with more Hormone Receptor positive disease and less HER2-positive disease, their disease-specific mortality remains lower than in younger patients, owing to the late diagnosis, under treatment due to age bias, reduced access to healthcare, and socioeconomic issues. Older patients with advanced breast cancer should be treated based on their biological tumor type, according to the patient's general health and preferences: endocrine treatment for HR-positive disease; Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-targeted agent with chemotherapy, endocrine therapy or HER2-targeted agent alone for HER2 positive disease. Chemotherapy should be considered for patients who are HR-negative, HR-positive but refractory to endocrine treatment, or with a rapidly progressing visceral crisis. Generally, sequential chemotherapy with a single agent is recommended over combination chemotherapy, and agents with known toxicities in older patients are recommended, including weekly taxane, vinorelbine, capecitabine, and liposomal doxorubicin. Some form of geriatric assessment should be performed for older patients to assess the patients' biological age, functional status, and address age-specific problems, leading to early interventions. The goal of therapy should be individualized to maintain the quality of life, function, and independence of older patients with cancer.
Aged ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Delivery of Health Care ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Geriatric Assessment ; Humans ; Incidence ; Life Expectancy ; Mortality ; Quality of Life ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Capecitabine

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is nowadays consider as an umbrella term that has heterogenous presentation depend on their subtypes. GBS is clinical diagnosis and its diagnosis can be supported by laboratory findings from cerebral spinal fluid study, nerve conduction study, anti-ganglioside antibodies, spinal magnetic resonance imaging and nerve ultrasound. Understanding atypical subtypes and GBS mimicking diseases are crucial for correct diagnosis. Both proper medical care for respiratory and autonomic dysfunction and immunotherapy are essential to improve outcome of GBS. Here, we summarized the current concept on diagnosis, immunopathophysiology and treatment of GBS.
Antibodies ; Diagnosis ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; Immunotherapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neural Conduction ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Sulfonylurea drugs have been used for many decades as one of the main families of drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Even though there are many opportunities to medicate sulfonylurea drugs concomitantly with many other drugs, and furthermore there have been several case reports on drug interactions with sulfonylurea drugs, there has been no clear demonstration revealing the mechanisms that cause these interactions. We therefore evaluated inhibitory potential of sulfonylurea drugs, including glibenclamide, glipizide and gliclazide, on the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-catalyzing enzymes using human liver microsomes. METHODS: The inhibitory effects of glibenclamide, glipizide and gliclazide, on the CYP-catalyzing reaction, were evaluated for CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 using human liver microsomes, and probe drugs for each. RESULTS: Glibenclamide showed relative potent inhibitory effects on the CYP2C9- and CYP3A4-catallyzed reaction (IC50; 11.3 ( microM and 59.0 ( microM). The other CYP isoforms tested showed only weak inhibitory effects by due to glibenclamide (IC50 > 112 ( microM). Glipizide showed potent inhibitory effect on CYP3A4-catalyzed reaction only (IC50; 11.2 ( microM), and weak, or no, inhibitory effects on each on the other CYP isoforms tested (IC50 > 276 ( microM). CONCLUSION: The sulfonylurea drugs showed inhibitory potential on the CYP-catalyzing reaction in human liver microsomes. The results obtained in the present study provide insights into the potential of the drug interaction to ward drugs co-administered with sulfonylureas. It will be necessary to take into consideration the control of blood glucose, as well as therapeutic drug monitoring, to reduced toxicities when sulfonylurea drugs are co-administered with drugs of a narrow therapeutic range, or with severe dose-dependent toxicities.
Blood Glucose ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Cytochromes* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Drug Interactions ; Drug Monitoring ; Gliclazide ; Glipizide ; Glyburide ; Humans* ; Liver* ; Microsomes, Liver* ; Protein Isoforms

PURPOSE: To determine the extent to which magnetic resonance(MR) imaging findings can help differentiate between tuberculous arthritis (TA) and rheumatoid arthritis(RA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved sixteen patients with pathologically proven arthritis of the knee. In eight patients(mean age, 29.6 years; M:F=4:4) this was of the tuberculous variety, while eight (mean age, 47.5 years; M:F=2:6) suffered from the rheumatoid variety, which was monoarticular. For 14 patients, contrast enhancement studies were available. We retrospectively analyzed MR findings according to the demonstrated pattern of synovial thickening (regular and even, or irregular and nodular), bone erosion or abscess,bone marrow(BM) edema, the sites at which bursae were present, para-articular mass formation, and lymphadenopathy. RESULTS: In five of eight TA cases (62.5 %), irregular and nodular enhanced synovial thickening was present, while in six of eight RA cases (75%), thickening was regular and even. Bone erosions or subarticular abscesses were found in six TA cases (75%) and small erosions in three cases (37.5%) of RA. BM edema surrounding the erosion was found in four cases of TA (50%) and two of RA (25 %). In TA, edema was more extensive. In both TA and RA, all suprapatella bursae were distended while popliteal bursae were present in two cases of TA(25 %) and four of RA (50%). Para-articular masses with rim like enhancement were found in six cases of TA (75%) and in one case of RA (12.5 %). In particular, para-articular lymphadenopathy was seen in six cases of TA(75%), but not in RA. CONCLUSION: MR findings of irregular and nodular synovial thickening, extensive bone erosion, extensive BM edema, particular, para-articular abscess formation and ymphadenopathy, may help differentiate tuberculous arthritis of the knee from the rhumatoid variety.
Abscess ; Arthritis* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Edema ; Humans ; Knee* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Translucency and masking effect of provisional crown and fixed partial denture materials is an important esthetic consideration. But, provisional resin materials differ substantially in their ability to mask underlying colors. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the translucency differences of provisional resin materials at various thicknesses and the correlation between the translucency and the masking efficiency. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two polymethyl methacrylate resins (Jet Tooth Shade, Alike) and three resin composites (Protemp 3 Garant, Luxatemp and Revotek LC) were used. Specimens (n=6) were fabricated from each material in 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 mm thickness. The CIELAB parameters of each specimens were measured using a spectrophotometer. The translucency parameter (TP) values and the masking effect (delta ME*(ab)) values were computed and all data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the multiple comparisons Scheffe test. The correlation between the thickness and the TP values and the correlation between the thickness and the delta ME*(ab) values were also evaluated by correlation analysis and regression analysis. RESULTS: The TP values and the delta ME*(ab) values were significantly related to the thickness in all specimens. The TP values were more sensitive to the change of thickness than the delta ME*(ab) values. The order of the translucency by brand was different from the order of the masking effect by brand in all thickness groups. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the translucency and masking effect of the provisional resin materials investigated were significantly related to their thickness. The masking effect of provisional resin was correlated with the translucency parameter, but the order of the masking effect by brand was different from the order of the translucency parameter.
Crowns* ; Denture, Partial, Fixed* ; Masks* ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Tooth

Korean women doctors have expanded their activities globally in various fields within the international community. This study conducted face-to-face interviews or e-mail surveys of representatives among internationally active women doctors with experience in working with the Medical Women's International Association and the World Health Organization. Conveying the activities of these senior women doctors will be valuable to the younger generation of doctors who are interested in international health and who aspire to become potential leaders in the international health care scene in the future.
Delivery of Health Care ; Electronic Mail ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; World Health Organization

Purpose: This study examined the effects of social distancing in COVID-19 on musculoskeletal problems and the quality of life. Methods: One hundred and thirty-five subjects participated in this study and responded to an online survey on stress from the social distancing in COVID-19, computer and smartphone usages, musculoskeletal pain, and quality of life. The stress from social distancing was assessed by a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The Neck Disability Index (NDI), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) were provided to assess the musculoskeletal pain, and Short Form-36 (SF-36) was provided to assess the quality of life. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and independent t-test were used for data analysis. Results: Statistically significant, but low positive correlation stress from the social distancing (VAS) and NDI (r=0.19, p<0.05) and ODI (r=0.18, p<0.05), and negative correlation between stress from the social distancing (VAS) and SF-36 (r=-0.17, p<0.05). The NDI score was significantly greater in the group with high stress than in the group with low stress from social distancing (p<0.05). Conclusion This study is meaningful in that it evaluated, through the physical therapy approaches, the potential side-effects on physical and mental health in various social changes caused by COVID-19. The results of this study may be used as basic data in future studies related to COVID-19.