No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Follicular adenoma is a benign encapsulated tumor with evidence of follicular cell differentiation. It is the most common thyroid neoplasm, usually solitary and has a well-defined fibrous capsule. We experienced a case of follicular adenoma occurring in congenital goiter and reported with the brief review of related literature
Adenoma* ; Cell Differentiation ; Goiter* ; Thyroid Neoplasms

Objectives: . The association between pet sensitization and pet ownership remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the association between pet sensitization and pet ownership by age. Methods: . We retrospectively reviewed 2,883 patients who visited our allergy clinic for nasal symptoms from January 2003 to December 2014, of whom 1,957 patients with data on skin-prick tests and questionnaire responses were included and divided into adults (age >19 years) and children (age ≤19 years). The association between pet sensitization and pet ownership was evaluated in both groups. Results: . Among children, dog and cat sensitization showed no associations with dog and cat ownership, respectively. However, among adults, dog sensitization was significantly associated with dog ownership (odds ratio [OR], 3.283; P<0.001), and cat sensitization with cat ownership (OR, 13.732; P<0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, familial history of allergy, sinusitis, diabetes mellitus, other pet ownership, and non-pet sensitization, significant associations remained between dog sensitization and dog ownership (adjusted OR [aOR], 3.881; P<0.001), and between cat sensitization and cat ownership (aOR, 10.804; P<0.001) among adults. Dog ownership did not show any association with allergic rhinitis, asthma, or atopic dermatitis, whereas atopic dermatitis had a significant association with cat ownership in adults (aOR, 4.840; P<0.001). Conclusion . Pet ownership in adulthood increased the risk of pet sensitization. However, pet ownership was not associated with the prevalence of atopic disorders, regardless of age, except for atopic dermatitis and cat ownership in adults.

Objectives: . The association between pet sensitization and pet ownership remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the association between pet sensitization and pet ownership by age. Methods: . We retrospectively reviewed 2,883 patients who visited our allergy clinic for nasal symptoms from January 2003 to December 2014, of whom 1,957 patients with data on skin-prick tests and questionnaire responses were included and divided into adults (age >19 years) and children (age ≤19 years). The association between pet sensitization and pet ownership was evaluated in both groups. Results: . Among children, dog and cat sensitization showed no associations with dog and cat ownership, respectively. However, among adults, dog sensitization was significantly associated with dog ownership (odds ratio [OR], 3.283; P<0.001), and cat sensitization with cat ownership (OR, 13.732; P<0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, familial history of allergy, sinusitis, diabetes mellitus, other pet ownership, and non-pet sensitization, significant associations remained between dog sensitization and dog ownership (adjusted OR [aOR], 3.881; P<0.001), and between cat sensitization and cat ownership (aOR, 10.804; P<0.001) among adults. Dog ownership did not show any association with allergic rhinitis, asthma, or atopic dermatitis, whereas atopic dermatitis had a significant association with cat ownership in adults (aOR, 4.840; P<0.001). Conclusion . Pet ownership in adulthood increased the risk of pet sensitization. However, pet ownership was not associated with the prevalence of atopic disorders, regardless of age, except for atopic dermatitis and cat ownership in adults.

Detailed information on additional drug resistance patterns of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is essential to build an effective treatment regimen; however, such data are scarce in Korea. We retrospectively analyzed the results of phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) of culture confirmed-TB patients from January 2010 to December 2014 in 7 university hospitals in Korea. MDR-TB was identified among 6.8% (n = 378) of 5,599 isolates. A total of 57.1% (n = 216) of the MDR-TB patients had never been treated for TB. Strains from MDR-TB patients showed additional resistance to pyrazinamide (PZA) (35.7%), any second-line injectable drug (19.3%), and any fluoroquinolone (26.2%). Extensively drug resistant TB comprised 12.4% (n = 47) of the MDR-TB patients. Of 378 MDR-TB patients, 50.3% (n = 190) were eligible for the shorter MDR-TB regimen, and 50.0% (n = 189) were fully susceptible to the 5 drugs comprising the standard conventional regimen (PZA, kanamycin, ofloxoacin, prothionamide, and cycloserine). In conclusion, the proportion of new patients and the levels of additional drug resistance were high in MDR-TB patients. Considering the high levels of drug resistance, the shorter MDR-TB treatment regimen may not be feasible; instead, an individually tailored regimen based on the results of molecular and phenotypic DST may be more appropriate in MDR-TB patients in Korea.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of magnetization transfer(MT) in contrast-enhanced brain MR imaging of the various intracranial diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively studied the effect of MT incontrast-enhanced brain MR imaging 101 patients with a variety of intracranial diseases. In all patients contrast-enhanced T1-weighted(TR/TE = 550/14) SE MR images with and without MT were obtained on a 1.5 Tsuper conducting unit(Magnetom, Siemens). The MT pulse used for MT images was an 8.1 msec(=250 Hz band width) syncpulse, 1000 Hz off-resonance. We randomly divided the patients into two groups : group I and group II. Group I consisted of 54 patients in whom contrast-enhanced images without MT and then images with MT were obtained just ofter the injection of Gd-DTPA(0.1 mmol/kg). In group II(47 patients), contrast-enhanced images with MT and then the images without MT were obtained, considering the delayed-enhancement effect. The effect of MT was assessed visually and quantitatively. For quantitative assessment, contrast to noise ratios(CNR) were calculated in 27 cases with enhancing intracranial tumors larger than 1 cm. We then compared CNRs of contrast-enhanced images with and without MT. The paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: On visual assessment, only11.9%(12/101) of normally enhancing structures and only 20.3%(14/69) of enhancing lesions showed improved enhancement in images with MT. There was however, no case in which the enhancing lesion was seen only in MR image with MT but not in that without MT. On quantitative analysis there was no statistically significant difference between overall images with MT and those without MT(p>0.05). The average CNR of images with MT was higher than that of images without MT in group I, but not in group II. CONCLUSION: MT in contrast-enhanced brain MR imaging resulted in contrast improvement in a limited number(less than approximately 20%) of patients. Routine application of MT images to contrast-enhanced brain MR imaging may be of limited value. Further studies on the clinical usefulness of MT technique with more refined MT pulse are thus needed.
Brain* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Noise ; Prospective Studies

The title of page 189 should be corrected.

PURPOSE: We wanted to investigate the usefulness of Mycofast (MYCOFAST(R) Evolution 2, International Microbio, France) for Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) and Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) in association with nongonococcal genitourinary infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 530 patients visited our department for genitourinary infection symptoms or for the evaluation of sexually transmitted disease. The genital swabs were first vortexed in Mycofast transport broth. A volume of 100mul of liquid sample was innoculated to each well of the Mycofast broths and 0.5mul of liquid sample was innoculated to A7 agar culture media (International Microbio, France). The Mycofast broths were incubated at 35-37 degrees C for 36 hrs, and the A7 agar culture media was incubated for 4 days. We compaired Mycofast with A7 agar culture for the sensitivity, specificity, the positive and negative predictive values and the antibiotic susceptable profiles. RESULTS: Of the 530 samples submitted, 165 samples were positive by the A7 agar culture and 162 samples were positive by Mycofast. 157 samples were positive by both methods. Of the 365 samples that were negative by the A7 agar culture, 360 samples were also negative by the Mycofast. In this study, Mycofast had a sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 98%, respectively, and a positive and negative predictive value of 96% and 97%, respectively. The Mycofast drug susceptibility tests indicate a high susceptibility to doxycyclin as follows: U. urealyticum: 86.3%; M. hominis: 85.0% and both organisms with simultaneous isolation: 75.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Mycofast was an easy test to perform and it proved to be a practical and reliable method for isolating the Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species for making the diagnosis of nongonococcal genitourinary infections, and it showed the added benefit of determining the limited susceptibilities of the isolated strains.
Agar ; Culture Media ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Mycoplasma ; Mycoplasma hominis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Ureaplasma ; Ureaplasma urealyticum

PURPOSE: To evaluate a role as over 35 years, maternal serum markers, and a false positive screen for Down syndrome were the predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome. Materials and METHODS: From Mar.1994, through Feb.1996, 5284 women were screened triple test to detect Down syndrome in the second trimester and were delivered Samsung Cheil hospital. The values of each maternal serum markers were measured with radioimmunoassay. And then, the screen positive of Down syndrome was calculated using alpha-software Version 4.0. The adverse outcome of the fetus and the mother included low birth weight(LBW) ( <2500gm), prematurity( <37 gestational weeks), placenta previa, preterm premature rupture of membranes(PPROM), pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH),abruptio placenta, and intrauterine fetal death(IUFD). The predictor markers included over 35years, elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), elevated human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG), lowered unconjugated estriol (uE3), and a false positive screen for Down syndrome. RESULTS: Mean age and mean gestational weeks in the study were 30+/-4.8 years and 17.1 weeks respectively. The adverse pregnancy outcomes were 357 LBW(6.8%), 253 prematurity(4.8%), 108 placenta previa(2.0%), 68 PPROM(1.3%), 66 PIH(1.3%), 24 abruptio placenta(0.5%), and 20 IUFD(0.4%). In univariate analysis, over 35 years was significantly associated with abruptio placenta, prematurity, and placenta previa, elevated MS-AFP( >2.0 MoM) associated with IUFD, LBW, PIH, prematurity, and PPROM , elevated MS-hCG (>3.0 MoM) associated with IUFD, LBW, PIH, prematurity, and placenta previa, lowered uE3 (<0.75) associated with IUFD, abruptio placenta, LBW, and prematurity.(P <0.05). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, IUFD was significantly associated with only elevated MS-AFP, LBW associated with elevated MS-AFP, elevated MS-hCG, and lowered uE3, PIH associated with only elevated MS-AFP, PPROM only elevated MS-AFP, prematurity only elevated MS-AFP, and placenta previa over 35 years, elevated MS-hCG.(P <0.05). However, abruptio placenta was not significantly associated with predictor markers.(P >0.05) CONCLUSIONS: Some predictors such as over 35 year, elevated hCG, lowered uE3, a false positive screen for Down syndrome were significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Also in multivariate analysis, we identified especially elevated AFP to be the most reliable predictor for adverse pregnancy outcome.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Biomarkers ; Chorion ; Down Syndrome ; Estriol ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mothers ; Multivariate Analysis* ; Parturition ; Placenta ; Placenta Previa ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome* ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnancy* ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rupture