No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Follicular adenoma is a benign encapsulated tumor with evidence of follicular cell differentiation. It is the most common thyroid neoplasm, usually solitary and has a well-defined fibrous capsule. We experienced a case of follicular adenoma occurring in congenital goiter and reported with the brief review of related literature
Adenoma* ; Cell Differentiation ; Goiter* ; Thyroid Neoplasms

Objectives: . The association between pet sensitization and pet ownership remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the association between pet sensitization and pet ownership by age. Methods: . We retrospectively reviewed 2,883 patients who visited our allergy clinic for nasal symptoms from January 2003 to December 2014, of whom 1,957 patients with data on skin-prick tests and questionnaire responses were included and divided into adults (age >19 years) and children (age ≤19 years). The association between pet sensitization and pet ownership was evaluated in both groups. Results: . Among children, dog and cat sensitization showed no associations with dog and cat ownership, respectively. However, among adults, dog sensitization was significantly associated with dog ownership (odds ratio [OR], 3.283; P<0.001), and cat sensitization with cat ownership (OR, 13.732; P<0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, familial history of allergy, sinusitis, diabetes mellitus, other pet ownership, and non-pet sensitization, significant associations remained between dog sensitization and dog ownership (adjusted OR [aOR], 3.881; P<0.001), and between cat sensitization and cat ownership (aOR, 10.804; P<0.001) among adults. Dog ownership did not show any association with allergic rhinitis, asthma, or atopic dermatitis, whereas atopic dermatitis had a significant association with cat ownership in adults (aOR, 4.840; P<0.001). Conclusion . Pet ownership in adulthood increased the risk of pet sensitization. However, pet ownership was not associated with the prevalence of atopic disorders, regardless of age, except for atopic dermatitis and cat ownership in adults.

Objectives: . The association between pet sensitization and pet ownership remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the association between pet sensitization and pet ownership by age. Methods: . We retrospectively reviewed 2,883 patients who visited our allergy clinic for nasal symptoms from January 2003 to December 2014, of whom 1,957 patients with data on skin-prick tests and questionnaire responses were included and divided into adults (age >19 years) and children (age ≤19 years). The association between pet sensitization and pet ownership was evaluated in both groups. Results: . Among children, dog and cat sensitization showed no associations with dog and cat ownership, respectively. However, among adults, dog sensitization was significantly associated with dog ownership (odds ratio [OR], 3.283; P<0.001), and cat sensitization with cat ownership (OR, 13.732; P<0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, familial history of allergy, sinusitis, diabetes mellitus, other pet ownership, and non-pet sensitization, significant associations remained between dog sensitization and dog ownership (adjusted OR [aOR], 3.881; P<0.001), and between cat sensitization and cat ownership (aOR, 10.804; P<0.001) among adults. Dog ownership did not show any association with allergic rhinitis, asthma, or atopic dermatitis, whereas atopic dermatitis had a significant association with cat ownership in adults (aOR, 4.840; P<0.001). Conclusion . Pet ownership in adulthood increased the risk of pet sensitization. However, pet ownership was not associated with the prevalence of atopic disorders, regardless of age, except for atopic dermatitis and cat ownership in adults.

Detailed information on additional drug resistance patterns of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is essential to build an effective treatment regimen; however, such data are scarce in Korea. We retrospectively analyzed the results of phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) of culture confirmed-TB patients from January 2010 to December 2014 in 7 university hospitals in Korea. MDR-TB was identified among 6.8% (n = 378) of 5,599 isolates. A total of 57.1% (n = 216) of the MDR-TB patients had never been treated for TB. Strains from MDR-TB patients showed additional resistance to pyrazinamide (PZA) (35.7%), any second-line injectable drug (19.3%), and any fluoroquinolone (26.2%). Extensively drug resistant TB comprised 12.4% (n = 47) of the MDR-TB patients. Of 378 MDR-TB patients, 50.3% (n = 190) were eligible for the shorter MDR-TB regimen, and 50.0% (n = 189) were fully susceptible to the 5 drugs comprising the standard conventional regimen (PZA, kanamycin, ofloxoacin, prothionamide, and cycloserine). In conclusion, the proportion of new patients and the levels of additional drug resistance were high in MDR-TB patients. Considering the high levels of drug resistance, the shorter MDR-TB treatment regimen may not be feasible; instead, an individually tailored regimen based on the results of molecular and phenotypic DST may be more appropriate in MDR-TB patients in Korea.

The title of page 189 should be corrected.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of magnetization transfer(MT) in contrast-enhanced brain MR imaging of the various intracranial diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively studied the effect of MT incontrast-enhanced brain MR imaging 101 patients with a variety of intracranial diseases. In all patients contrast-enhanced T1-weighted(TR/TE = 550/14) SE MR images with and without MT were obtained on a 1.5 Tsuper conducting unit(Magnetom, Siemens). The MT pulse used for MT images was an 8.1 msec(=250 Hz band width) syncpulse, 1000 Hz off-resonance. We randomly divided the patients into two groups : group I and group II. Group I consisted of 54 patients in whom contrast-enhanced images without MT and then images with MT were obtained just ofter the injection of Gd-DTPA(0.1 mmol/kg). In group II(47 patients), contrast-enhanced images with MT and then the images without MT were obtained, considering the delayed-enhancement effect. The effect of MT was assessed visually and quantitatively. For quantitative assessment, contrast to noise ratios(CNR) were calculated in 27 cases with enhancing intracranial tumors larger than 1 cm. We then compared CNRs of contrast-enhanced images with and without MT. The paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: On visual assessment, only11.9%(12/101) of normally enhancing structures and only 20.3%(14/69) of enhancing lesions showed improved enhancement in images with MT. There was however, no case in which the enhancing lesion was seen only in MR image with MT but not in that without MT. On quantitative analysis there was no statistically significant difference between overall images with MT and those without MT(p>0.05). The average CNR of images with MT was higher than that of images without MT in group I, but not in group II. CONCLUSION: MT in contrast-enhanced brain MR imaging resulted in contrast improvement in a limited number(less than approximately 20%) of patients. Routine application of MT images to contrast-enhanced brain MR imaging may be of limited value. Further studies on the clinical usefulness of MT technique with more refined MT pulse are thus needed.
Brain* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Noise ; Prospective Studies

Amniotic fluid embolism is rare but is one of the most catastrophic complications in the peripartum period. This syndrome is caused by a maternal anaphylactic reaction to the introduction of fetal material into the pulmonary circulation. When amniotic fluid embolism is suspected, the immediate application of extracorporeal mechanical circulatory support such as veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or cardiopulmonary bypass should be considered. Without the application of extracorporeal mechanical circulatory support, medical supportive care might not be sufficient to maintain cardiopulmonary stabilization in severe cases of amniotic fluid embolism. In this report, we present the case of a 36-year-old pregnant woman who developed an amniotic fluid embolism immediately after a cesarean section. Her catastrophic event started with the sudden onset of severe hypoxia, followed by circulatory collapse within 8 minutes. The veno-arterial mode of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated immediately. She was successfully resuscitated but with impaired cognitive function. Thus, urgent ECMO should be considered when amniotic fluid embolism syndrome is suspected in patients presenting acute cardiopulmonary collapse.
Adult ; Amniotic Fluid* ; Anaphylaxis ; Anoxia ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Cesarean Section ; Cognition ; Embolism, Amniotic Fluid* ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; Female ; Humans ; Peripartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Shock

No abstract available.
Infarction