No abstract available.
Delivery of Health Care* ; France* ; Health Care Reform*

No abstract available.
Delivery of Health Care* ; France* ; Health Care Reform*

No abstract available.
Leg*

The purpose of this study was to explore, using topic modeling, the social value of doctors and medicine demanded by society as reflected in published newspaper articles in Korea. Ultimately, this study aimed to reflect social needs in the process of developing the Patient-Centered Doctor’s Competency Framework in Korea. For this purpose, a total of 2,068 newspaper articles published from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed.Through topic modeling of these newspaper articles over the past 5 years, 18 topics were derived and divided into four categories. Focusing on the derived topics and keywords, the topics derived in specific years and the proportion of topics by year were analyzed. The results of this study make it possible to grasp the needs of society projected through the press for doctors and medicine. Due to the nature of the press, topics that frequently appeared in newspaper articles were mainly social phenomena related to requirements for doctors, particularly dealing with economic and legal aspects. In particular, it was confirmed that doctors are now required to have a wider range of competencies that go beyond their required medical knowledge and clinical skills. This study helped to establish doctor’s competencies by analyzing social needs for doctors through the latest research methods, and the findings could help to establish and improve doctor’s competencies through ongoing research in the future.

The purpose of this study was to explore, using topic modeling, the social value of doctors and medicine demanded by society as reflected in published newspaper articles in Korea. Ultimately, this study aimed to reflect social needs in the process of developing the Patient-Centered Doctor’s Competency Framework in Korea. For this purpose, a total of 2,068 newspaper articles published from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed. Through topic modeling of these newspaper articles over the past 5 years, 18 topics were derived and divided into four categories. Focusing on the derived topics and keywords, the topics derived in specific years and the proportion of topics by year were analyzed. The results of this study make it possible to grasp the needs of society projected through the press for doctors and medicine. Due to the nature of the press, topics that frequently appeared in newspaper articles were mainly social phenomena related to requirements for doctors, particularly dealing with economic and legal aspects. In particular, it was confirmed that doctors are now required to have a wider range of competencies that go beyond their required medical knowledge and clinical skills. This study helped to establish doctors’ competencies by analyzing social needs for doctors through the latest research methods, and the findings could help to establish and improve doctors’ competencies through ongoing research in the future.

PURPOSE: There are several methods for the reconstruction of partial urethral defect. Split-thickness skin graft, full-thickness skin graft, prepuce flap and free flap are those. Despite partial success using these methods, most results are unsatisfactory due to frequent complications such as postoperative infection, fistula formation, hair growth and stricture. There has been several pioneering experiments in this field using autogenous vein graft, but the results of this procedures were controversial. Therefore, this study was designed to illustrate the possibility of using vein graft for the reconstruction of partial urethral defect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two different types of vein graft method were performed in total 20 New Zealand White rabbits with partial urethral defect. Firstly, for the patch graft group, 1x cm rectangular vein graft was sutured at defective area of the same size. Secondly, for the tubed graft group, vein graft segment of 1 cm long was replaced at segmental urethral defect of the same length. Histologic study was performed at 3 and 8 weeks postoperatively in each group. And retrograde urethrogram was checked at eight weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: On histologic study, the process of transitional cell epithelial replacement within grafted vein was uniformly observed in both experimental group at three week postoperatively. At eight weeks postoperatively, the epithelial replacement was almost complete and histologically undistinguishable. In the retrograde urethrogram performed on the day of the 8th week postoperatively, in patch graft group, contrast material was well advanced to the bladder and showed no stricture, and two of five rabbits of tubed graft group showed mild stricture with luminal patency at the graft site. CONCLUSIONS: Natural urethral epithelium was restored in grafted venous segment irrespective of type of graft. Mild stricture was observed in 40% of tubed graft group while complete reconstruction was possible in patch graft group.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Epithelium ; Fistula ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Hair ; Phenobarbital ; Rabbits* ; Skin ; Transplants* ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Veins*

Background. Ultimate goal for the treatment of the deformities in the lower extremities is to minimize the energy requirement and conserve the energy on walking and daily living. The normal energy saving mechanism is usually broken down in the patients with the deformities in the lower extremity, and they need more energy consumption. This is the reason why they feel fatigue frequently. It is well known that the deformity in the lower extremity cause excessive energy consumption. Objectives. There is no report that compared the energy consumption according to the deformities of the lower extremity. When we decide the priority of the treatment in cases of multiple deformities, it will be important to understand the energy demand according to each deformity. Therefore, it is the purpose of this study that assess the energy consumption according to the various types of lower extremity deformities. Method. We induced the multiple deformities in ten normal adults with the brace artificially. The induced deformities are as follows: Equinus deformity; mild (10degrees), moderate (20degrees), severe (30degrees), Knee flexion deformity; mild (10degrees), moderate (20degrees), severe (30degrees), Hip flexion deformity; mild (10degrees), moderate (20degrees), severe (30degrees). For the control group, same braces were applied without any deformity. Oxygen consumption was measured for the energy consumption with the Oxygen Consumption Meter (Morgan Oxylog II, Morgan Ltd. England). Heart rate was checked with the Telemonitor (Dynascope, Fukuda Ltd, Japan). We evaluated the inspired volume, oxygen rate, oxygen cost, and heart rate in each group and compared the data among the groups. Result. Energy consumption was higher in the hip deformity group, in the knee deformity group, and in the ankle deformity group in that order. Conclusion. When there are concomitant deformities in hip, knee and ankle, the priority of treatment may be hip, knee and ankle, in that order in terms of energy consumption.
Adult ; Ankle ; Braces ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Equinus Deformity ; Fatigue ; Heart Rate ; Hip ; Humans ; Joints* ; Knee ; Lower Extremity* ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption ; Walking

Animal experiment was carried out to measure the physiologic changes of thoracic or thoracolumbar spine that occurred as a result of electrical stimulation, and to evaluate the usefulness of electrical stimulation as a possible treatment for scoliosis. Unilateral electrical stimulations were applied to the back muscle of immature rabbits.They were subgrouped into medial, intermediate, and lateral muscle stimulated groups in order to observe the effects of various electrode placements. The radiograms were taken every other week to observe the changes of the spinal curvatures for the period of 12 weeks. The histological studies of the muscles, which were obtained from the stimulated(right) and the nonstimulated(left) sides at the same level, also were carried out to determine the response of the muscles to the electrical stimulation. The results were as follows. l. A significant scoliotic curvature was observed two weeks after electrical stimulation, and those curvatures did not change more for the next six weeks in spite of prolonged stimulation. 2. Scoliotic curvature induced by electrical stimulation for eight weeks remained unchanged for another four weeks after stopping stimulation. 3. There were no statistical differences in the induced scoliotic curvature among the three groups stimulated at different sites of the medial, intermediate, and lateral regions respectively. 4. A prolonged unilateral electrical stimulation could induce the scoliosis, and may be used as a method for treatment of scoliosis.
Animal Experimentation ; Back Muscles ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes ; Methods ; Muscles ; Scoliosis ; Spinal Curvatures ; Spine

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Anesthesia, General ; Catheters ; Foreign Bodies ; Hand Strength ; Surgical Instruments