This study was undertaken to observe the effects of centrally administred antihistamines on the blood pressure. Diphenhydramine(DPH), a H1-receptor antagonist, and ranitidine(RAN), a H2-receptor antagonist were administered intracerebroventricularly(icv) on urethane-anesthetized rabbits. 1) Both DPH and RAN administered intraccebroventricularly increased blood pressure, however the intravenous(iv) adminstration of them did not affect blood pressure. The pressor response to icv DPH was dose-dependent, but that to icv RAN was not. 2) The pressor response to icv DPH(1mg) was either markedly attenuated or reversed to depressor response by the pretreatment with icv phentolamine(250,500ug), and iv chlorisondamine(0.1, 1mg/Kg) and iv phenoxybenzamine(1mg/Kg). In cord-sectioned rabbtis, icv RAN) 1mg) did not produce pressor response. 3) The pressor responsr to icv RAN(1mg) was not affected by the pretreatment with icv phentolamine(500ug), iv chlorisondamin(1mg/Kg) and iv phenoxybenzamine(1mg/Kg), and iv phenoxybenzamine(1mg/Kg). RAN also producted pressor response in cordsectioned rabbits. These results suggest that the pressor response to icv DPH is elecited by increasing peripheral sympathetic tone via the stimulation of central alpha-adrenoreceptors and the pressor response to icv RAN is produced by releasing some humoral facotr which can increase blood pressure.
Blood Pressure ; Diphenhydramine* ; Histamine Antagonists ; Rabbits* ; Ranitidine*

Masson's hemangioma is a rare benign vascualr condition with a papillary intravascular endothelial proliferation which may appear either as aprimary form or as a secondary form in a pre-existing vascular process.CT and angiographic features of 2 cases with Masson's hemangioma were presented. Both of them were locatedextra-axially in the posterior fossa. CT findings were not specific in both cases: One showed homogeneously enhancing mass, simulating meningioma. And the other demonstrated a multiolocular rim enhancing mass. However, the angiographic features were rather characteristic; Both cases showed persistent vascular poolings of contrast mediawhich were supplied form the meningeal vessels. Angiographic differential diagnosis of similar lesions in theposterior fossa is discussed.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemangioma ; Meningioma

Skull base surgery has developed through the evolution of imaging, anatomic research, surgical approach and reconstructive techniques. The basic disciplines of approaching skull base lesions are provide direct vision, minimizing brain retraction, excellent exposure and minimal blood loss. The focus of this report is to review the advantages of skull base approach in our cases and suggest some indications. We experienced 20 cases of skull base surgery by a team approach consisting of a neurosurgeon and plastic surgeon. The surgical approach were supraorbital osteotomy(5 case), orbitozygomatic osteotomy(8 case), orbitozygomaticoglenoid osteotomy (5 case ) and orbitozygomaticoglenoidocondylar osteotomy (2 case). In our experience, these approaches provided excellent exposure of the lesion, direct access to lesions and minimal brain retraction thereby better outcome.
Brain ; Osteotomy ; Skull Base* ; Skull* ; Surgery, Plastic*

No abstract available.

We report an autopsy case of the brain stem glioma that extended extensively in the brain stem itself and cephalad. This 18-year-old boy first presented with dizziness, vomiting and left side weakness with left facial palsy. Brain MRI revealed a diffusely infiltrative tumor involving whole medulla, pons and lower midbrain. A total of 4000 R was given with some alleviation of respiratory difficulty. He died one year after the onset. Autopsy revealed the tumor involving pons, a portion of medulla oblongata, and cerebellum. The tumor showed diffusely infiltrative pattern and extended along the periventricular area to the thalamus and corpus callosum. The cut surface was grayish white and solid. It also showed areas of myxoid degeneration and necrosis probably related to radiation therapy. Microscopically the tumor was a cellular and pleomorphic glioma that showed some astrocytic differentiation. It was diffuse without geographic necrosis.

A clinical observation was performed on 13 cases of giant hydronephrosis in the Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University from May 1972 to March 1981 The results are as follows; 1) In 13 cases of giant hydronephrosis 6 cases were male and 7 cases female, 2nd decade was most common. 2) Side of giant hydronephrosis; Rt. side: 4 cases, Lt. side: 9 cases. 3) The most common etiology of giant hydronephrosis was congenital UPJ stricture (53.8%). 4) The details of the symptoms as follows; 12 cases were flank mass, 5 fever and chillness, 4 frequency of urination, 3 hematuria, 2 abdominal distention and 1 oliguria. 5) Renal function test (B.U.N., creatinine) was normal except 1 case of solitary kidney with neurogenic bladder. 6) In 4 cases out of giant hydronephrosis were compensatory hydronephrotic change on contralateral kidney and 8 cases normal. 7) The operative procedures were as follows; 11 cases were nephrectomy, 1 case pyeloplasty and 1 case nephrostomy.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Fever ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Oliguria ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urination ; Urology

PURPOSE: Subacute necrotizing myelopathy(SNM) is a rare non-tumorous disease of spinal cord characterized by subacute clinical course of progressive neurological deterioration. We report MR findings of a patient with pathologically proved SNM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1 case of pathologically proved subacute necrotizing myelopathy. RESULTS: The patient was a 56-year-old man with progressive motor weakness and sensory loss of the lower extremities, and urinary and fecal incontinence for 11 months. Spine MRI revealed diffuse enlargement of the thoracic spinal cord from T2 to T7 level. Signal intensity of the expanded spinal cord was isointense relative to normal cord on T1 -weighted image and hyperintense on proton-density and T2-weighted images. On contrast enhanced T1-weighted image, there was diffuse homogeneous enhancement in the expanded cord lesion. CONCLUSION: MR demonstration of stable persistence of spinal cord lesion or atrophy over months or years with clinical findings of radual progressive neurologic deterioration may be helpful in the diagnosis of SN M(1 ).
Atrophy ; Diagnosis ; Fecal Incontinence ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Diseases* ; Spine

BACKGROUND: Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), which was first discovered by Salahuddin in 1986, can be classified as HHV6 A and HHV6 B subgroups. It has been known that HHV6 B, which causes exanthem subitum, is related to the febrile illness of children while HHV6 A can be found in immunodeficiency patients. Over 90% of those who went through primary infection before two years of age show seropositive in adulthood. The virus can be detected in over 85% of the adult saliva. This suggests that the asymptomatic latent virus in normal adult saliva may be a source of primary infection by excretion. The objective of this study is to provide the basic seroepidemiology by finding the age of HHV6 primary infection and the extent of latent infection with classifying subgroups for healthy Korean children. METHODS: Healthy Korean children under the age of fifteen were classified into fifteen groups in total. Those groups under one year old age were divided into twelve groups with the interval of one month while those over one year old age were divided into three groups with the interval of five years. Thirty children were involved in each group, and sex ratio was almostly equal. The specific IgG antibody of HHV6 was evaluated by using an ELISA method. HHV6 DNA extracted from the saliva of the subject of fifty healthy children ranging from ages five to fifteen were detected and classified two subgroups by using a nested PCR. RESULTS: Statistically, the specific IgG antibody, which was highly maintained since neonatal age, became significantly decreased between 4 months and 6 months, and thereafter increased rapidly until it reached a peak for infants between 11 months and 12 months, and maintained a stationary high antibody level and high antibody positive rates (above 85%) until 15 years of age. The HHV6 DNA, detected in 18 (36%) out of 50 normal children between 5 and 15 years old, was totally confirmed as HHV6 B. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that primary infection of HHV6 for Korean children may be occurred after 6 months age, and primary infection of HHV6 may be almostly happened before 1year age old. And HHV6 is excreted intermittently from the saliva of healthy children as in the case of adults. HHV6 B may be the major cause of HHV6 infection in healthy Korean children.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child* ; DNA ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Exanthema ; Herpesvirus 6, Human* ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Infant ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Saliva ; Sex Ratio

Neurenteric cyst is an extremely rare developmental cyst of the central nervous system. It is lined withintestinal epithelium and is usually found in the subarachnoid space of the cervical and thoracic spine. We reporta case of intracranial neurenteric cyst in a 40-year-old man, and describe the MRI findings. This modality showeda large cyst, ventral to the pons and extending bilaterally to the cerebellopontine angles and craniovertebraljunction;its signal was hyperintense on both T-1and T2-weighted images and there is no enhancement on postcontrastT1-weighted images.
Adult ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neural Tube Defects* ; Pons ; Spine ; Subarachnoid Space

Many investigators have reported that collagen gel contraction reflects the mechanism of wound contraction. In 1995, Tsai et al. reported that hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts in a connective tissue model possessed the greatest contraction potency when compared with those of normal skin and normal oral mucosa-derived CTMs. In this study, we studied the effect of collagen gel contraction by growth factors such as epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-bata1, and transforming growth factor-bata3, Skin fibroblasts used in this study were obtained from the explant of rat skin culture. Fibroblasts were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Growth factors were added per FPCL in the desired concentrations and we measured the collagen gel diameters in growth factor-treated FPCL on day 1,2,3, and 4 respectively after starting incubation. We examined the effects of EGF, PDGF, TGF-bata1, TGF-bata3 and the effects of combinations of TGF-bata1 + EGF, TGF-bata1 + PDGF, and TGF-bata1 + TGF-bata3 to contract a collagen gel. EGF has little influence on collagen gel contraction. TGF-bata1 and TGF-bata3 increase the collagen contraction. TGF-bata1 enhanced the contractility of collagen gel according to the concentrations. While TGF-bata3 alone had stimulatory contraction effects at low dose, high doses of TGF-bata3 decreased the potency of collagen gel contraction. A combination of TGF-bata1 and EGF minimally decrease TGF-bata1 activity. A combination of TGF-bata1and PDGF had an effect similar to TGF-bata1 activity. A combination of TGF-bata1 and TGF-bata3 decreased TGF-bata1 activity. According to reports that FPCL contraction is equivalent to the process of wound contraction, growth factors which enhance gel contraction may be related to wound contraction and wound healing. TGF-bata1 is reported to enhance scar formation in fetal wound. EGF accelerates wound healing and inhibits the promotion of hypertrophic scar formation. Compared to the effect of collagen gel contraction in this study, the combination of TGF-bata1 and TGF-bata3 that inhibited the promotion of collagen gel contraction are thought to diminish the formation of scar tissue. As well, EGF that has not enhanced collagen gel contraction is thought to diminish the production of scar tissue. We will study the interactive effects of TGF-bata3, EGF and TGF-bata1 on the contraction of collagen gels in the future.
Animals ; Cicatrix ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Collagen* ; Connective Tissue ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Fibroblasts ; Gels ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins* ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Rats ; Research Personnel ; Skin ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries*