The congenital renal cystic disease encompasses a complex group of pathologic and clinical entities. We retrospectively reviewed 42 cases of congenital renal cystic lesions classified into four Potter types in a series of 2,063 consecutive autopsies from 1981 to 1996. According to our study based on morphologic, clinical, genetic features and associated anomalies, type I and III are relatively compatible with Potter's original definition. However, it was reasonable that type II and IV are classified to the same group because of: 1) very similar histologic findings representing dysplastic kidney, 2) many associated anomalies, 3) no evidence of inheritance, and 4) presence of a combined type. Syndrome associated cysts, such as Meckel-Gruber syndrome, were also separately classified. If the dysplastic evidence was insufficient for diagnosis to the dysplastic kidney in type II and IV, then these cases would be better classified into a cystic disease associated with congenital hydronephrosis. We propose a classification of the congenital cystic disease of the kidney to be: 1) dysplastic kidney, 2) cystic disease associated with congenital hydronephrosis, 3) polycystic kidney, and 4) syndromic cystic disease.
Autopsy ; Classification* ; Diagnosis ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney* ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Wills

A case of congenital absence of right atriovntricular (A-V) connection of heart is reported. Patient was 81 day old male infant with chief complaints of dyspnea and irritability. Clinical evaluation revealed increased pulmonary vascularity on chest x-ray, absence of right A-V connection, regurgitation of left A-V valve, right-sided ventricular hypoplasia and L-TGA. Clinical assessment of the case was tricupsid atresia with LTGA and mitral regurgitation. Pulmonary artery banlding and artial septectomy was performed. Parenteral alimentation through the femoral veins resulted in obstruction of IVC and subsequent multiorgan failure. The autopsy findings of the heart were corrected transposition of great arteries with associated anomallies of right-sided mitral atresia, Ebstein's malformation of left-sided tricuspid valve, ventricular septal defect, muscular hypertrophy of right-sided left ventricle with luminal obliteration. Long segment of IVC was completely occluded due to occlusive thrombi with fungal infection. Bilateral kidneys were infarcted and azygos vein was markedly engorged. Microscopic examination revealed candidal colonization in the inferior vena cava and septic embolzation in brain.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

A case of congenital absence of right atriovntricular (A-V) connection of heart is reported. Patient was 81 day old male infant with chief complaints of dyspnea and irritability. Clinical evaluation revealed increased pulmonary vascularity on chest x-ray, absence of right A-V connection, regurgitation of left A-V valve, right-sided ventricular hypoplasia and L-TGA. Clinical assessment of the case was tricupsid atresia with LTGA and mitral regurgitation. Pulmonary artery banlding and artial septectomy was performed. Parenteral alimentation through the femoral veins resulted in obstruction of IVC and subsequent multiorgan failure. The autopsy findings of the heart were corrected transposition of great arteries with associated anomallies of right-sided mitral atresia, Ebstein's malformation of left-sided tricuspid valve, ventricular septal defect, muscular hypertrophy of right-sided left ventricle with luminal obliteration. Long segment of IVC was completely occluded due to occlusive thrombi with fungal infection. Bilateral kidneys were infarcted and azygos vein was markedly engorged. Microscopic examination revealed candidal colonization in the inferior vena cava and septic embolzation in brain.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The incidence of retropharyngeal abscess has been decreased with use of antibiotics, but it still causes critical complications such as airway obstruction, aspiration pneumonia, mediastinitis, or sepsis. For this reason, early diagnosis and proper management of retropharyngeal abscess should be undertaken as soon as possibile. The treatment includes maintaining airway, performing surgical drainage, and administering antibiotics; but there are no definite guidelines for treating patients with retropharyngeal abscess, nor a golden rule for the correct surgical approach. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A retrospective analysis of patients with retropharyngeal abscess who were treated at the Chungbuk University Hospital from 1993 to 2003 was performed. We analized general symptoms, signs, causing factors, and causing bacteria. We also analized the treatment outcome and selected approaches from the surgically treated patients. RESULTS: The general symptoms of retropharyngeal abscess were sore throat, fever, dyspnea, with the most common cause being the upper airway infection. Bacteriologically, hemolytic streptococcus was the most common bacteria among aerobes and bacteroides was the most common bacteria among anaerobes. However, in most cases, both aerobe and anaerobes were cultured at the same time. Among 18 cases, 6 cases were treated conservatively with antibiotics and surgical interventions were performed in 12 cases, which included 11 cases of transoral and 1 case of transcervical approach. CONCLUSION: Retropharyngeal abscess can be treated with either conservative or surgical treatment according to initial abscess size. The abscess size which is greater than 3 cm is prefered to be treated surgically, and transoral approach is a useful way of dealing with less invasive procedure.
Abscess ; Airway Obstruction ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Bacteroides ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Drainage ; Dyspnea ; Early Diagnosis ; Fever ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mediastinitis ; Pharyngitis ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Retropharyngeal Abscess* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Streptococcus ; Treatment Outcome

For the success of complete denture, three essential requirements such as retention, stability and support are needed. Moreover, due to the absorption of residual ridge and scarring due to the surgery, when making a complete denture, which is difficult to form the mandibular lingual margins, various considerations such as the arrangement of the Non-anatomical dl non-anatomical teeth, the polished surface impression, the internally weighted metal framework and the use of the denture adhesive cream are necessary. In this case report, the patient has a severely resorbed edentulous ridge from severe periodontitis and has some soft tissue problems after the glossectomy due to tongue cancer. To obtain additional retention and stability, some trials such as polished surface impression taking, internally weighted metal insertion and minimal pressure impression were done for the better result. Moreover To make a metal framework that precisely shapes the desired three-dimensional shape and reduces the complicated process, minimal pressure impression method and direct metal laser sintering technique were used.
Absorption ; Adhesives ; Cicatrix ; Denture, Complete ; Dentures ; Glossectomy ; Humans ; Methods ; Periodontitis ; Tongue Neoplasms ; Tooth

Background: This study investigated the longitudinal associations between the degrees of positive and negative spillover in work–life balance (WLB) at baseline and reports of depressive mood at a 2-year follow-up in Korean women employees. Methods: We used a panel study design data of 1386 women employees who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families in both 2014 and 2016. Depressive mood was measured using the “10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.” Associations between the positive and negative spillover in WLB at baseline and reports of new incidence of depressive mood at 2-year follow-up were explored using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Negative spillover in WLB at baseline showed a significant linear association with reports of depressive mood at 2-yearfollow-up after adjusting for age, education level, marital status, number of children, and positive spillover (P = 0.014). The highest scoring group in negative spillover (fourth quartile) showed a significant higher odds ratio of 1.95 compared with the lowest scoring group (first quartile; P = 0.036). Conclusion Positive spillover in WLB showed a U-shaped association with depression. The degrees of positive and negative spillover in WLB among Korean women employees at baseline were associated with new incidence of depressive mood within 2 years. To prevent depression of female workers, more discrete and differentiated policies on how to maintain healthy WLB are required.

Background: This study investigated the longitudinal associations between the degrees of positive and negative spillover in work–life balance (WLB) at baseline and reports of depressive mood at a 2-year follow-up in Korean women employees. Methods: We used a panel study design data of 1386 women employees who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families in both 2014 and 2016. Depressive mood was measured using the “10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.” Associations between the positive and negative spillover in WLB at baseline and reports of new incidence of depressive mood at 2-year follow-up were explored using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Negative spillover in WLB at baseline showed a significant linear association with reports of depressive mood at 2-yearfollow-up after adjusting for age, education level, marital status, number of children, and positive spillover (P = 0.014). The highest scoring group in negative spillover (fourth quartile) showed a significant higher odds ratio of 1.95 compared with the lowest scoring group (first quartile; P = 0.036). Conclusion Positive spillover in WLB showed a U-shaped association with depression. The degrees of positive and negative spillover in WLB among Korean women employees at baseline were associated with new incidence of depressive mood within 2 years. To prevent depression of female workers, more discrete and differentiated policies on how to maintain healthy WLB are required.

The incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is not well known, however, the common causes of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy are sudden cardiac arrest, acute respiratory failure and carbon monoxide poisoning. Due to high metabolic demand, the brain is very susceptible to damage from deprivation of blood supply and oxygen delivery. When patients recover from comatose after HIE, there are various spectrums of neurological outcomes, ranging from vegetative state to good recovery. Various methods including neurologic examination, neurophysiologic and biochemical tools, neuroimaging technique have been proposed for the prognostic evaluation of HIE. This article reviews the pathophysiology of HIE and predictive methods for neurological recovery after HIE.
Brain ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; Coma ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain* ; Incidence ; Neuroimaging ; Neurologic Examination ; Oxygen ; Persistent Vegetative State ; Respiratory Insufficiency

Genital mycoplasmas are sexually transmitted. There are considerable public concern that causative agents of sexually transmitted diseases might be transmitted nonsexually through public restrooms. In the present study, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and M. penetrans among genital mycoplasmas were identified in 100 public restroom toilet bowls (50 men's and 50 women's public restrooms, each). Mycoplasmas were genotypically identified by two methods; (1) PCR of primary selective culture and (2) direct PCR of original specimens before primary selective culture. From 50 men's public restrooms, M. hominis, U. urealyticum and M. penetrans were identified from PCR of primary selective cultures in 6%, 4% and 0% of the specimens, respectively and M. hominis and U. urealyticum was codetected in 2% of those. And M. hominis, U. urealyticum and M. penetrans were identified by direct PCR in 20%, 16% and 0% of the original specimens, respectively and co-detection rate of M. hominis and U. urealyticum was 4% in those. From 50 women's public restrooms, 38% was positive for M. hominis, 14% for U. urealyticum, 0% for M. penetrans and 10% for both U. urealyticum and M. penetrans by PCR of primary selective culture. And 50% was positive for M. hominis, 46% for U. urealyticum and 0% for M. penetrans and 34% for both M. hominis and U. urealyticum by direct PCR of the original specimens. These results indicate that the genital mycoplasmas can survive for considerable duration in toilet bowels, and might be transmitted by through public restrooms.
Mycoplasma hominis ; Mycoplasma penetrans ; Mycoplasma* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Ureaplasma urealyticum

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have suggested that some personality characteristics are associated with the onset, prognosis and social function in schizophrenia patients. However few is known about the personality and affective characteristic of genetic high risk group (GHR) for schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the personality and the affective characteristic of GHR group for schizophrenia. METHODS: Participants were 54 healthy controls (HC), 26 subjects with GHR for schizophrenia and 28 subjects with first episode psychosis (FEP). We performed three self-report questionnaires; NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised, State and Anger Expression Inventory and Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule. RESULTS: The GHR group showed higher score in agreeableness item than the HC (p=0.028). In extraversion item, the FEP group showed significantly lower scores than the HC (p=0.001). The GHR group showed lower scores in neuroticism item compared with FEP group in trend level. The FEP group showed higher trait-anger, lower positive affect and higher negative affect compared with the others. CONCLUSION: The GHR group seem to share certain vulnerable personality and affective characteristics for schizophrenia with the FEP group. On the other hands, the GHR group appeared to be more agreeable than the other groups, which might act as the compensation for other impaired functions.
Anger ; Anxiety Disorders ; Compensation and Redress ; Extraversion (Psychology) ; Hand ; Humans ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Prognosis ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia