No abstract available.
Embryonic Structures ; Fetus ; Humans* ; Kidney*

An appreciation of the radiation changes in the brain adjacent to radiated glioma is of considerable importance from both clinical and pathological standpoint because the alteration in the brain parenchyma may result in a picture that mimics recurrence of the neoplasm. A 35 years old woman was admitted because of deterioration of consciousness which has started about 20 days ago. Past history revealed removal of left frontal brain tumor 4 years earlier and the diagnosis was grade II astroma. Postoperative radiation was done at that time. Sine then, she has been doing well. Computerized tomogram showed an ill defined huge low density mass at right frontal and left posterior parietal areas, which was irregularly enhanced in postcontrast study. Unlikely to the usual brain tumors, there was no mass effect on adjacent structures. Histologically acellular necrotic zone was alternating with hypercellular zone and most striking changes were vascular and glial reaction. Most of the vessels showed acellular hyliane thickening of their wall and some vessels were almost completely occluded. There was marked glial proliferation with considerable cellular and nuclear irregularities. Gemistocytic astrocytes were frequently seen and some were multinucleated.
Female ; Humans

PURPOSE: Although adjuvant chemotherapy reduces the risk of disease recurrence in stage III colon cancer patients, published guidelines do not specify when it should be initiated. This study aimed to assess the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy initiation time on disease recurrence and survival in stage III colon cancer patients undergoing curative surgical resection. METHODS: The medical records of stage III colon cancer patients undergoing curative resection between February 2004 and December 2009 were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 133 enrolled patients, 27 (20.3%) began adjuvant chemotherapy within 3 weeks of surgery, whereas 106 (79.7%) did after 3 weeks following surgery. Patients receiving chemotherapy within 3 weeks of surgery were less likely to experience recurrences than those beginning treatment later (11.1% vs. 33%, P = 0.018). The mean disease-free survival of patients receiving adjuvant therapy earlier was 54.6 months, whereas that of patients with later treatment was 43.5 months (P = 0.014). However, no significant differences in overall survival were observed between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant chemotherapy should be initiated as soon as a patient's clinical condition allows. Patients with stage III colon cancer may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy initiated within 3 weeks of surgery.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant* ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: The present study was undertaken to compare the function of the urinary bladder, reflex changes of the urinary bladder, and bladder outlet, during micturition between mature male and female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mature male(n=6) and female(n=6) Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 to 300gm were used. After each rat was anesthetized with urethane(1g/kga simultaneous recording of the intravesical pressure and voided urinary volume during micturition were recorded. And then, the urethra was ligated placing 4-0 silk tie just distal to the bladder neck. Isovolumetric bladder contractions and urethral pressure were recorded independently. RESULTS: The voided volume and intravesical pressure during micturltion showed no significant differences between mature fema1e and male rats. During reflex bladder contraction, isovolumetric bladder contractions and urethral pressure also showed no significant differences between mature female and male rats. Administration of N-nitro-L-arginine(L-NOARG, 15mg/kg), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, intravenously in female rats, reversibly decreased the magnitude(42.5%, p<0.05) and duration(35.4%, p<0.05) of reflex urethral relaxation. There was no effect on reflex urethral relaxation in male rats. Administration of L-NOARG 20mg/kgintravenously in male rats reversibly decreased the magnitude(49.8%, p<0.05) and duration(38.7%, p<0.05) of reflex urethral relaxation. CONCLUSIONS: From the results, it appears that the function of the urinary bladder and the reflex change of the urinary bladder and bladder outlet during micturition showed no significant difference between male and female rats of similar weight. Howerever, the dosage of L-NOARG showed difference of the decreasing level of the magnitude and duration of the urethral relaxation.
Animals ; Female* ; Humans ; Male* ; Neck ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reflex ; Relaxation ; Silk ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urination

The number of cancer survivors is increasing dramatically. Many cancer survivors face lifetime risks associated with their cancer therapy, with a significant proportion at risk for serious morbidity and premature mortality. Concerns regarding the long-term physical, psychosocial, and economic effects of cancer treatment on cancer survivors and their families are increasingly being recognized and addressed by public and private sector. This article summarizes economic burden of cancer survivors, main post-treatment health problems including secondary primary cancer and comorbidities, health behaviors such as smoking, exercise and physical activity, nutrition, and psychosocial problems. Faced with various health and psychosocial problems specific to this population, several healthcare and policy models are being suggested to address these issues, including 'shared care model' and 'integrative supportive care service delivery system for cancer survivors'. More effort is needed to make the cancer survivorship agenda a reality, attended by a wide variety of stakeholders including researchers, patients, providers, and policy makers.
Delivery of Health Care ; Health Behavior ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Neoplasms/economics/pathology/*therapy ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/epidemiology/mortality/pathology ; *Public Health ; Republic of Korea

No abstract available.
Meningioma* ; Skull Base* ; Skull*

The intrahepatic calculi are prevalent in east Asia and are regarded as malignant disease because diagnosis and treatment are difficult and complication and mortality are high. This study is a retrospective clinical review of 58 cases of patient with intrahepatic calculi in the Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital from July 1994 through June 1999. The incidence of intrahepatic calculi was 8.8% of total hepatobiliary calculi. The ratio of male to female was 1:2.4. The peak incidence was noted at the 6th decade (32.7%) and mean age was 52.1 years. About the site of stones, left intrahepatic duct (48.3%)was more prevalent than right intrahepatic duct (17.2%). 42 cases(72%) of the intrahepatic calculi were associated with GB stone(8%), CBD stone(45%) or both(19%). As to surgical method, choledochotomy with T-tube drainage was performed in 34 cases(59%), choledochoduodenostomy was in 3 cases(5%) and hepatic resection in 21 cases(36%). Among them choledochotomy with T-tube drainage was the most frequently performed procedure. The remnant stones are most commonly founded after choledochotomy and T-tube drainage (80%) followed after choledochoduodenostomy(33%) and after hepatic resection(24%). But, major postoperative complications such as bile leakage and intra-abdominal abscess are more frequent in casea of hepatic resection. So we suggest that agressive treatment modality such as hepatic resection is more reasonable than drainage procedure in the management of intrahepatic duct stone by the experienced expert.
Abdominal Abscess ; Bile ; Calculi* ; Choledochostomy ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Far East ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mortality ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies

In order to obtain novel genes for craniofacial development of human, molecular cloning and sequencing were performed and followed by in situ hybridization in tissue sections. Subtracted cDNA library of craniofacial tissue from 8 weeks old human embryo was made by the subtraction with cDNA of RHEK cells. A total of 231 clones were obtained and their partial sequence data disclosed that 214 clones were nonredundant in Genebank search. We have done in situ hybridization screening on the craniofacial sections of a 10 weeks old human fetus, and found significant positive reaction in 30 clones. Depending on the cell type of similar developmental origin, the positive reactions could be divided into four groups: first group showed an intense positive reaction in neural tube, ganglion, and a part of peripheral nerve tissue, second group relatively diffuse positive reaction in neural tube, cartilage, epithelium, and muscle, third group localized positive reaction in nerve, and muscle, and fourth group positive reaction in almost all kinds of cells of craniofacial tissues. Although every clone showed different expression patterns in the craniofacial development, some of them showed intense mRNA expressions in the characteristic cell type. Because this study also aimed to test a screening methods to find out novel genes related to craniofacial development by the subtracted cDNA library and in situ hybridization, the intense positive reaction of a certain clone by in situ hybridization may indicate its role in the developmental processes. We presumed that 30 clones selected in this study are possibly important new genes for the development of human craniofacial structure.
Cartilage ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Molecular* ; DNA, Complementary ; Embryonic Structures* ; Epithelium ; Fetus ; Ganglion Cysts ; Gene Library ; Humans* ; In Situ Hybridization ; Mass Screening ; Neural Tube ; Peripheral Nerves ; RNA, Messenger

The purpose of this study was to examine the soft tissue changes in skeletal class II patients after mandibular advancement by bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO). In Asian population, the incidence of skeletal class II malocclusion is lower than that of skeletal class III malocclusion unlike the caucasians. This study was conducted to figure out the ratio at which hard tissue and soft tissue changes after mandibular advancement by analyzing cephalograms of 13 patients that have undergone the mandibular advancement surgery. As a result, change ratios of Li, B', Pog' according to the movement of li, B, Pog were found to be 0.59, 1.06, 0.82. Also, vertical height of vermilion zone (Si-Vb) and lower lip and chin (Si-Me') were measured to evaluate vertical changes. Vermilion zone showed tendency to decrease by 1.02 mm on the average postoperatively, whereas vertical length of lower lip and chin showed tendency to increase by 3.57 mm on the average.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Chin ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lip ; Malocclusion ; Mandibular Advancement ; Osteotomy ; Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have suggested that some personality characteristics are associated with the onset, prognosis and social function in schizophrenia patients. However few is known about the personality and affective characteristic of genetic high risk group (GHR) for schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the personality and the affective characteristic of GHR group for schizophrenia. METHODS: Participants were 54 healthy controls (HC), 26 subjects with GHR for schizophrenia and 28 subjects with first episode psychosis (FEP). We performed three self-report questionnaires; NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised, State and Anger Expression Inventory and Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule. RESULTS: The GHR group showed higher score in agreeableness item than the HC (p=0.028). In extraversion item, the FEP group showed significantly lower scores than the HC (p=0.001). The GHR group showed lower scores in neuroticism item compared with FEP group in trend level. The FEP group showed higher trait-anger, lower positive affect and higher negative affect compared with the others. CONCLUSION: The GHR group seem to share certain vulnerable personality and affective characteristics for schizophrenia with the FEP group. On the other hands, the GHR group appeared to be more agreeable than the other groups, which might act as the compensation for other impaired functions.
Anger ; Anxiety Disorders ; Compensation and Redress ; Extraversion (Psychology) ; Hand ; Humans ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Prognosis ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia