No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

BACKGROUND: Hydrops fetalis is defined as abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in two or more fetal compartments, and this malady is known to be associated with various pathologic conditions. METHODS: We collected 149 cases of hydrops fetalis out of 2,312 autopsies, and we tried to elaborate the underlying causes of hydrops fetalis. The diagnosis was based on the material from either antenatal termination or intrauterine death. RESULTS: The relative incidence of hydrops fetalis was 6.44% of all the pediatric autopsies we performed. The gestational age was evenly distributed from 18 to 33 weeks, except for 30 to 31 weeks. There was no sex difference in the incidence of hydrops fetalis. The main causes were cardiovascular diseases (30.9%), cystic hygroma (13.4%), chromosomal anomaly (8.05%), thoracic conditions (7.38%), followed by urinary tract malformation (4.03%), infection (4.03%) and anemia (3.36%). The most common chromosomal anomaly was Turner syndrome and the second one was Down syndrome. CONCLUSION: Since various conditions can be the cause of hydrops fetalis, pathologists should pay attention to elaborate the underlying causes in every single autopsy.
Anemia ; Autopsy* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Down Syndrome ; Edema* ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Hydrops Fetalis* ; Incidence ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Sex Characteristics ; Turner Syndrome ; Urinary Tract

No abstract available.
Scimitar Syndrome*

Since early 1980's high resolution ultrasound has been world-widely used for detection of cranial lesions ininfants but not widely used in korea. Authors prospectively analysed ultrasonographic findings of 107 cases whichwere confirmed by CT, autopsy or follow-up studies as supplement. the distribution of 107 cases was intracranialhematoma 40 cases, hydrocephalus 36 cases, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy 10 cases, porencephalic cyst 5 cases,cephalhematoma 5 cases, agenesis of corpus callosum 4 cases, medulloblastoma 2 cases and each one case of A-Vmalformation, intraventricular cyst, Dandy Walker cyst, lipoma and hydranecephaly. We could conclude thatneurosonography of infants was very useful and effective method in detection of cranial lesions such asintracranial hematoma, especially germinal matrix hemorrhage or intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infant,hydrocephalus, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and congenital anomalies.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum ; Autopsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Infant ; Korea ; Lipoma ; Medulloblastoma ; Methods ; Prospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Walkers

PURPOSE: It has been known that there are several areas of T2 hyperintensities in normal white matter of brain, such as terminal zones of myelination, ependymitis granularis, ones of posterior internal capsule, and perivascular space. The aim of our study is to demonstrate another region of T2 hyperintensities in normal pediatric age group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have studied brain MR for 10 normal volunteers and 35 patients without having intracranial lesions in pediatric age group(3-19 years). RESULTS: In 5 among 45 cases, focal T2 hyperintensities were seen in the parietal periventricular white matter beneath the postcentral gyri. They were noted as poorly defined, 5--10mm sized areas of increased signal intensities on T2 weighted axial images. They were also characterized by bilateral, posteromedially oriented, short band-like or oval areas. Interestingly, they were directly continuous with the T2 hyperintensity of posterior internal capsule. In spite of the relatively high frequency in the pediatric population as in our study, this finding has not been reported in the asymptomatic adults. CONCLUSION: The results show that the bilateral anterior parietal hyperintense areas may be another terminal zones of delayed myelination affecting the parietopontine tract. They should be differentiated from pathologic T2 hyperintensities by their characteristic findings.
Adult ; Brain ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Internal Capsule ; Myelin Sheath ; Rabeprazole*

No abstract available.
Molecular Biology* ; Shigella*

No abstract available.
Female ; Mucins* ; Ovary*

A fine needle aspiration biopsy specimen of a retroperitoneal mass in a 26-year-old man who had had an orchiectomy for seminoma was submitted for cytologic evaluation. Cytologic features of the specimen included uniform neoplastic cells found singly or in groups of several cells intermingled with lymphocytes in a characteristic foamy, lacelike background. These cells varied from 10 to 20 m in diameter. The nuclei were round to ovoid with fine or reticular chromatin and one or more prominent nucleoli. The poorly defined cytoplasm stained pale-blue or blue with cytoplasmic vacuoles. The cytologic appearance was consistent with seminoma. Documented reports of the cytological appearance of seminoma are rare. The diagnosis of primary gonadal seminoma by fine needle aspiration biopsy is probably not indicated since the treatment of a primary gonadal tumor, regardless of its histogenesis, requires surgical resection. However, fine needle aspiration biopsy is extremely valuable in the diagnosis of extragonadal as well as metastic and recurrent seminoma.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Chromatin ; Cyclosporine* ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Endothelin-1* ; Gonads ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymphocytes ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; Orchiectomy ; Plasma* ; Seminoma ; Vacuoles

BACKGROUND: Brief episode of coronary artery occlusion (i.e., ischemic preconditioning) makes the heart more resistant to injury from a subsequent ischemic insult. Although a great deal of effort has been made in studying ischemic preconditioning, the underlying mechanism of ischemic preconditioning and its effect on hypothermic insult has not been elucidated. This study was performed to see whether ischemic preconditioning protects against the depression of cardiac contractility induced by hypothermic cardioplegic arrest/reperfusion. And recently, adenosine was known to have some correlation with the mechanism of preconditioning. If so, does this effect remain after the blockade of adenosine receptor by 8-phenyl theophylline? METHOD: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rat weighed 250-350g were used and divided into three groups. Rat hearts were removed rapidly, and each isolated heart paced with a rate of 180/min was perused by modified Krebs-Hensleit buffer(KHB) solution on a Langendorff apparatus far an hour. After obtaining baseline data including left ventricular pressure(LVP), dp/dt, and coronary flow, cardiac arrest was induced by perfusion of 0degrees C crystalloid cardioplegic(St Thomas) solution. After that, all hearts were stored in the same St Thomas solution at salute temperature far 2 hours. In group I (control group), the hear was reperfused by KHB solution. In group II(preconditioning group), the heart was subjected to two 2-minute episode of global ischemia followed by 5 minute reperfusion with KHB solution(preconditioning) before cardiac arrest. In group III(phenyl theophylline group), the heart was subjected to preconditioning procedure and 8-phenyl theophylline at 10muM in concentration was added to KHB solution at time of reperfusion. Observing parameter was obtained in each group at 10, 20, 40 and 60 minutes after starting reperfusion and compared statistically by use of one way ANOVA test(STASTICA, release 4.5). P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Although depressed LVP, dp/dt, and Coronary flow were seen in all groups during the reperfusion period, the preconditioned group showed more effective recovery of LVP than that of the control group, especially at 10, 20 and 40 minutes(p<.05). We failed to demonstrate the difference between the phenyl theophylline group and the control group(p=NS). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that ischemic preconditioning has protective effect on recovery state of hypothermic cardioplegic arrest/reperfusion. Its protective effect was limited during early reperfusion stage and was blocked by adenosine blocker.
Adenosine ; Animals ; Coronary Vessels ; Depression ; Heart Arrest ; Heart* ; Ischemia ; Ischemic Preconditioning* ; Myocardium* ; Perfusion ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Purinergic P1 ; Reperfusion ; Theophylline