No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Melanoma*

PURPOSE: We studied results of the communited distal radius fracture treated with allogenic cancellous bone graft and volar locking plate in the elderly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 29 cases of communited distal radius fracture treated with allogenic cancellous bone graft and volar locking plate from April 2009 to April 2013. Fracture was classified according to AO/OTA classification. Postoperative clinical evaluation was performed with measurement of wrist range of motion (ROM) at last follow-up, modified Mayo wrist scoring system (MMWS), and visual analogue pain scale (VAS). Radiologic evaluation was performed with measurement of radial length on immediate postoperation and last follow-up, radial inclination, volar tilt and ulnar variance checked at the last follow-up using Sarmiento criteria. RESULTS: Using the MMWS, 13 cases were classified as 'good', 10 'fair', and 5 'normal'. The average wrist ROM was 88.5% for flexion, 92.2% for extension, 90.5% for adduction, and 94.0% for abduction. The average VAS was 1.7. On the last follow-up, average radius length, radial inclination and volar tilt did not show statistically significant improvement (p>0.05) compared to immediate post operation measurements, and according to Sarmiento criteria, 5 cases were classified as 'good', 14 'fair', and 7 'normal'. CONCLUSION: Treatment of severe communited distal radius fracture accompanied by bone defect with volar locking plate and allogenic cancellous bone graft is a satisfying and effective treatment method in the elderly.
Aged* ; Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pain Measurement ; Radius ; Radius Fractures* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Transplants* ; Wrist

No abstract available.
Burkitt Lymphoma* ; Child* ; Humans

Acinetobacter species encounters frequently with clinical specimens and now accounts for a substantial proportion of endemic nosocomial infections in Korea. Recent trends indicate that the antimicrobial resistant strains of Acinetobacter species are increasing. Sixty-one strains were isolated from specimens of patients suspected of nosocomial infections during 1991 to 1996. At present, phenotypic identification of Acinetobacter using biochemical test may not be reliable and resulted in the difficulty to clarify the source of infections and epidemiological study of hospital-acquired infections. Aware of the importance of rational taxonomic proposal for these isolates, correct species identification of these organisms by molecular typing method was carried out. A total of fifty-four strains of A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex species which were identified to genospecies 2 and 13 by biochemical characteristics was subjected to identify by ribotyping using restriction endonuclease EcoRI, ClaI, and SalI. Of fifty-four strains, twenty-five strains were identified as A. baumannii (genospecies 2) and twenty-one strains as genospecies 13, and six strains changed to genospecies 3, and the rest two strains were confirmed as A. haemolyticus (genospecies 4). This result suggests that the ribotyping may be of value for identification of genospecies and epidemiological information of Acinetobacter strains.
Acinetobacter baumannii* ; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus* ; Acinetobacter* ; Cross Infection ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Humans ; Korea ; Molecular Typing ; Ribotyping*

The X-ray synchrotron is quite different from conventional radiation sources. This technique may expand the capabilities of conventional radiology and be applied in novel manners for special cases. To evaluate the usefulness of X-ray synchrotron radiation systems for real time observations, mouse fetal skeleton development was monitored with a high resolution X-ray synchrotron. A non-monochromatized X-ray synchrotron (white beam, 5C1 beamline) was employed to observe the skeleton of mice under anesthesia at embryonic day (E)12, E14, E15, and E18. At the same time, conventional radiography and mammography were used to compare with X-ray synchrotron. After synchrotron radiation, each mouse was sacrificed and stained with Alizarin red S and Alcian blue to observe bony structures. Synchrotron radiation enabled us to view the mouse fetal skeleton beginning at gestation. Synchrotron radiation systems facilitate real time observations of the fetal skeleton with greater accuracy and magnification compared to mammography and conventional radiography. Our results show that X-ray synchrotron systems can be used to observe the fine structures of internal organs at high magnification.
Animals ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology/radiography ; Female ; Fetus/*anatomy & histology/radiography ; Histocytochemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Pregnancy ; Synchrotrons ; X-Rays

PURPOSE: The present study was undertaken to compare the function of the urinary bladder, reflex changes of the urinary bladder, and bladder outlet, during micturition between mature male and female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mature male(n=6) and female(n=6) Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 to 300gm were used. After each rat was anesthetized with urethane(1g/kga simultaneous recording of the intravesical pressure and voided urinary volume during micturition were recorded. And then, the urethra was ligated placing 4-0 silk tie just distal to the bladder neck. Isovolumetric bladder contractions and urethral pressure were recorded independently. RESULTS: The voided volume and intravesical pressure during micturltion showed no significant differences between mature fema1e and male rats. During reflex bladder contraction, isovolumetric bladder contractions and urethral pressure also showed no significant differences between mature female and male rats. Administration of N-nitro-L-arginine(L-NOARG, 15mg/kg), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, intravenously in female rats, reversibly decreased the magnitude(42.5%, p<0.05) and duration(35.4%, p<0.05) of reflex urethral relaxation. There was no effect on reflex urethral relaxation in male rats. Administration of L-NOARG 20mg/kgintravenously in male rats reversibly decreased the magnitude(49.8%, p<0.05) and duration(38.7%, p<0.05) of reflex urethral relaxation. CONCLUSIONS: From the results, it appears that the function of the urinary bladder and the reflex change of the urinary bladder and bladder outlet during micturition showed no significant difference between male and female rats of similar weight. Howerever, the dosage of L-NOARG showed difference of the decreasing level of the magnitude and duration of the urethral relaxation.
Animals ; Female* ; Humans ; Male* ; Neck ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reflex ; Relaxation ; Silk ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urination

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious viral infection affecting young children during the spring to fall seasons. Recently, serious outbreaks of HFMD were reported frequently in the Asia-Pacific region, including China and Korea. The symptoms of HFMD are usually mild, comprising fever, loss of appetite, and a rash with blisters, which do not need specific treatment. However, there are uncommon neurological or cardiac complications such as meningitis and acute flaccid paralysis that can be fatal. HFMD is most commonly caused by infection with coxsackievirus A16, and secondly by enterovirus 71 (EV71). Many other strains of coxsackievirus and enterovirus can also cause HFMD. Importantly, HFMD caused by EV71 tends to be associated with fatal complications. Therefore, there is an urgent need to protect against EV71 infection. Development of vaccines against EV71 would be the most effective approach to prevent EV71 outbreaks. Here, we summarize EV71 infection and development of vaccines, focusing on current scientific and clinical progress.
Animals ; Appetite ; Blister ; Child ; China ; Disease Outbreaks ; Enterovirus* ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease ; Hand ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; Humans ; Korea ; Meningitis ; Models, Animal ; Paralysis ; Seasons ; Vaccines*

Actinomycoces is a gram positive, anaerobic, branching and non-acid fast bacterium which is a normal habitant of the skin, oral cavity, tonsil and gastrointestinal tract and its human infection is rare. Pelvic actinomycoses is frequently caused by Actinomycoces israel-ii. It is chronic, progressive, and more suppurative than granulomatous disease, and the symptoms are usually persistent and gradual, therefore the misdiagnosis and improper trea-tment are not uncommon. Actinomycoses is generally classified as cervicofacial, abdominal and thoracic type ac- cording to the site of the primary infection. Many actinomycotic pelvic infections in women used intrauterine device with long du- ration were reported, in contrast, others suggest that actinomycoces developed opportunistic infection irrespective of intrauterine device presence. We have experienced 4 cases of pelvic actinomycoses, one case with IUD(Lippes' loop) in a 47 year old woman, the other case with abdominal wall ctinomycoses in a 34 year old woman, the third case without IUD in a 41 year old woman, the fourth case with IUD(Cu-7) in a 37 year old woman and reported them with a review of literature.
Abdominal Wall ; Actinomycosis* ; Adult ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Opportunistic Infections ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pelvic Infection ; Skin

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the lung is a rare tumor. The etiology is not clear. This tumor in children is a benign tumor rarely presented with local invasiveness, recurrence, distant metastasis or malignant changes can occur. The complete surgical resection is chosen as the optimal management. A 12-years-old boy visited the outpatient clinic with a 4 cm sized pulmonary mass in left upper lung field. The patient underwent left upper lobectomy. Histopathologically, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor was confirmed. The patient was discharged without any problems and there was no evidence of recurrence during 3 months follow-up.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Male ; Myofibroblasts* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: To determine whether an analysis of two-phase spiral CT features provides a sound basis for differential diagnosis between gallbladder carcinoma and cholecystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed a total of 89 cases of gallbladder carcinoma (n=35) or cholecystitis (n=54) in patients who had undergone two-phase spiral CT. For this, a GE Highspeed Advantage scanner (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, U.S.A.) was used. A total of 120ml of contrast material was injected at a rate of 2 -3 ml/sec. Arterial and venous phase scans were obtained 35 and 65 seconds, respectively, after the initiation of contrast infusion. All cases of gallbladder carcinoma and 468 of cholecystitis (of a total of 482) were confirmed by histopathology. We reviewed the two phase spiral CT features, analyzing and assessing thickness of the lesion, the enhancement pattern seen during the arterial and the venous phase, invasion of the liver, pericholecystic fat infiltration, dilatation of intrahepatic ducts, and other associated findings. RESULTS: Mean wall thickness was 12.6 mm in the gallbladder carcinoma group, and 7.2 mm in the cholecystitis group. The common enhancement patterns seen in gallbladder carcinoma were a highly enhanced thick inner wall layer during the arterial phase which became iso attenuated with adjacent liver parenchyma during the venous phase (16/35; 45.7%), and 2) a highly enhanced thick inner wall layer during both the arterial and the venous phase (8/35; 22.9%). The most common enhancement pattern in cholecystitis cases was an iso attenuated thin inner wall layer during both the arterial and the venous phase (44/54; 81.5%). Findings of intrahepatic mass formation by direct invasion (9/35), lymph node enlargement (12/35), and metastasis to other organs (7/35) occurred only in cases of gallbladder carcinoma. Dilatation of intrahepatic ducts was more frequent in cases of gallbladder carcinoma (18/35, 51.4%) than of cholecystitis (10/54, 18.5%). The incidence of pericholecystic fat infiltration and fluid collection was not significantly different between the gallbladder cancer and cholecystitis groups. CONCLUSION: Gallbladder carcinoma and cholecystitis varied in terms of wall thickness, enhancement pattern, and intrahepatic ductal dilatation, as seen on two phase spiral CT. Findings of liver invasion, lymph node enlargement and distant metastasis strongly suggested gallbladder carcinoma. These results suggested that gallbladder carcinoma and cholecystitis can be distinguished by analysis of their two phase spiral CT features.
Cholecystitis* ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Dilatation ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Gallbladder* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*