No abstract available.
Polycystic Kidney Diseases*

No abstract available.
Aneurysm*

No abstract available.
Thorax*

Congenital hepatic fibrosis is a relatively rare liver disease in children and young adults,that is characterized by stony hard hepatomegaly and portal hypertension with relative preservation of liver function and underlying architecture. Since this Condition was first delineated by Kerr et al in 1961, approximately over 150 cases have been reported in the literature. However, congenital hepatic fibrosis was not described in our country, except for 4cases of portal fibrosis seen in adults. Recently we have experinced a case of congenital hepatic fibrosis in a 4-year-old girl. At the time of admission this patient showed growth retardation, accompanied by marked hepatosplenomegaly. The liver was stony hard and relatively smooth on palpation, however, the liver function test being with in normal limits. There was evidence of esophageal varices on esophagography. PathologicaIly liver wedge biopsy showed an extremely hard gray white liver tissue with a thickened capsule and even surface. Microscopically the liver was characterized by broad bands of mature fibrous tissue with relatively normal lobular architectures in between. These fibrous septa contained numerous well-formed bile ducts and were slightly :infiltrated with chronic inf1ammatory cells. Most bile ducts were small and were empty. Reduction in the number of portal branches or abnormal arterial branches were not seen. Liver needle biopsy done one year prior to the present wedge biopsy showed only moderate portal fibrosis and small round cell infiltration with minimal bile duct proliferation.
Adult ; Bile Ducts ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Female ; Fibrosis* ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Function Tests ; Palpation

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the moderating effects of stress coping strategies on the relationship between occupational stress of national statistical office workers and mental health. METHODS: Subjects were 133 workers at a regional statistics office. Occupational stress, stress coping strategies, and mental health were examined using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), Ways of Coping Checklist, and The Symptom Check-List-90-R. Stress coping strategies were composed of problem-focused coping, social support coping, emotion-focused coping, and wishful thinking coping. RESULTS: Moderated regression indicated that the social support coping and emotion-focused coping style positively moderated the relationship between occupational stress and mental health in national statistical office workers. The social support coping style positively moderated the relationship between interpersonal conflict (KOSS subscale) and mental health in national statistical office workers. The emotion-focused coping style positively moderated the relationship between job insecurity (KOSS subscale) and mental health in national statistical office workers. The emotion-focused coping style negatively moderated the relationship between job demand (KOSS subscale) and mental health in national statistical office workers. CONCLUSION: The implications of this study included that negative results due to high occupational stress can be varied by use of suitable stress coping strategies.
Checklist ; Mental Health* ; Thinking

OBJECTIVES: In South Korea, there is limited information on nicotine dependence (ND) and its correlation with psychiatric disorders. Based on the National Epidemiologic Survey of Psychiatric Disorders in South Korea in 2006, we examined the relationship between the severity of tobacco smoking and mental disorders, paying specific attention to suicidal ideas, plans, and attempts. METHODS: A total of 6,510 adults underwent face-to-face interviews. The Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI) was used to evaluate lifetime prevalence and correlates of mental disorders. According to the the severity of tobacco smoking, participants were grouped into never-smokers, ever-smokers, and ND. The frequencies of mental disorders and suicidal tendencies were analyzed among ND/ever-smokers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to predict the odds ratios and significance levels among groups. RESULTS: Associations of ND with alcohol use disorder, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, pathological gambling, and suicidal tendencies were significant, even after controlling for demographic characteristics. Associations of most psychiatric disorders with smoking were stronger in females than in males. CONCLUSION: ND is highly associated with alcohol use disorder, mood and anxiety disorders, pathological gambling, and suicidal tendencies. Interventions are needed in order to prevent the development of ND from regular smoking.
Adult ; Anxiety Disorders ; Female ; Gambling ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mental Disorders ; Mood Disorders ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Suicide ; Tobacco ; Tobacco Use Disorder

Odontoblasts are responsible for the formation and maintenance of dentin which is a mineralized part in dentin-pulp complex of tooth. OD314 was obtained by subtractive hybridization between odontoblasts and osteoblast/dental papilla cells, and differentiatially expressed in the odontoblasts but not in osteoblasts and dental papilla cells. In this study, to better understand the biological function of new odontoblast-enriched gene, OD314, we examined expression of OD314 in cultured MDPC-23 cells and intracellular localization of OD314 protein. We also evaluate the effect of OD314 over-expression and inactivation on the cells by northern analysis. When MDPC-23 cells are cultured in the differentiation and mineralization medium for 28 days, OD314 mRNA expression was gradually increased from the beginning to day 21 and remained relatively high on day 28. Immunofluorescent staining of cultured MDPC-23 revealed localization of OD314 on the cytoplasm, especially near the nuclear membrane. However, a small amount of fluorescence was also observed in the nucleus. Inactivation of OD314 by RNA interference up-regulated the expression of DSPP, whereas over-expression of OD314 by CMV-OD314 plasmid down-regulated the expression of ON. These results suggest that OD314, a odontoblat-enriched gene, may play important roles in the odontoblast differentiation and dentin mineralization.
Cytoplasm ; Dental Papilla ; Dentin ; Fluorescence ; Nuclear Envelope ; Odontoblasts* ; Osteoblasts ; Plasmids ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; Tooth

PURPOSE: To evaluate histopathologic correlation of the component of the lesion on CT and MR of retinoblastomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gross pathologic findings of 24 enucleated eyeballs in 24 patients with retinoblastomas were compared with preoperative CT (n=19) and MR (n=5) findings. In eight eyeballs, in which there were findings other than mass, histopathologic findings were reviewed and correlated with image findings. RESULTS: Retinal detachment and subretinal hemorrhage which were not detected on CT were demonstrated in two of eight eyeballs on histopathologic examination. In one eyeball, retinal detachment and subretinal effusion were detected on both CT and in a pathologic specimen. In two eyeballs with peripheral heterogeneous MR enhancement of the masses, tumor necrosis and calcification were demonstrated in the central non-enhancing portion of the mass. In two eyeballs, linear soft tissue along the retina apart from the main mass were revealed as tumor spread along the retinal surface. In one patient, retinal thickening on MR was presumed to be an MR artifact and no lesion was found in the gross specimen. CONCLUSION: On CT, retinal detachment and subretinal hemorrhage associated with retinoblastoma can mimic mass, and tumor spread along the retinal surface can be seen as a linear retinal lesion. On MR, tumor necrosis and calcification can be a cause of heterogeneous enhancement.
Artifacts ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinoblastoma*

Objective: This study examined the volume of choroid plexus across AD without delusion (AD-D), AD with paranoid delusion (AD+PD), and AD with misidentification delusion (AD+MD). Methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study of patients with AD. The main outcome measure is the volume of choroid plexus that were measured as regions of interest with magnetic resonance imaging and the FreeSurfer analysis at baseline. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to compare the differences on the volume of choroid plexus across AD-D, AD+PD, and AD+MD after controlling demographics. Results: There was no volume difference in the both choroid plexus between AD-D and AD+D. However, the volumes of both cho-roid plexus were significantly reduced in AD+MD compared to AD+PD. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that AD+MD has significantly reduced volumes of choroid plexus compared to AD+PD. These findings suggest that AD+MD and AD+PD may have different pathophysiological mechanisms related to neuroimmune re-sponses in the choroid plexus.

Background and Objectives: Little is known about the outcomes of outpatient clinic-based elective external cardioversion (OPC-ECV) for persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF). We investigated the acute, short-term, and long-term elective external cardioversion (ECV) outcomes. Methods: We included 1,718 patients who underwent OPC-ECV (74% male, 61.1±11.0 years old, 90.9% long-standing PeAF, 9.1% after atrial fibrillation [AF] ablation) after excluding patients with atrial tachycardia or inappropriate antiarrhythmic drug medication, and in-patient ECV. Biphasic shocks were delivered sequentially until successful cardioversion was achieved (70-100-150-200-250 J). If ECV failed at 150 J, we administered intravenous amiodarone 150 mg and delivered 200 J. Results: ECV failed in 11.4%, and the complication rate was 0.47%. Within 3 months, AF recurred in 55.5% (44.7% as sustaining AF, 10.8% as paroxysmal AF), and the AF duration was independently associated (odds ratio [OR], 1.01 [1.00–1.02]; p=0.006), but amiodarone was independently protective (OR, 0.46 [0.27–0.76]; p=0.002, Log rank p<0.001) against an early recurrence. Regarding the long-term recurrence, pre-ECV heart failure was protective against an AF recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.63 [0.41–0.96], p=0.033) over 32 (9–66) months of follow-up. ECV energy (p<0.001) and early recurrence rate within 3 months (p=0.007, Log rank p=0.006) were significantly lower in post-ablation patients than in those with long-standing persistent AF. Conclusions The success rate of OPC-ECV was 88.6%, and the complication rate was low. However, AF recurred in 55.5% within 3 months. Amiodarone was protective against short-term AF recurrences, and long-term AF recurrences were less in patients with baseline heart failure.