Fourteen cases of porokeratosis were studied clinically. There were four clinical types consisting of classical plaque type(Mibelli), superficial disseminated eruptive form of Respighi (SDE type) and linear type, each in 3 cases, and disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) in 5 cases. The Mibelli and linear type of the disease appeared in the early teens but other two showed late onset of second to third decade. All cases of SDE type occurred in males and most cases of Mibelli and DSAP type in females. Five cases of DSAP were apparently associated with sun-exposure. The disease process of case 6 (SDE type) seemed to be related to metastatic adenocarcinoma of the brain. The family occurrence of porokeratosis was found in 2 cases of SDE typc and 3 of five cases of DSAP type. They were transrnitted as an autosomal dominant trait. The linear type oppears to be distinct variety from the early appearance of lesions in linear fashion over the lower extremity. The histological features were essentially the same including the typical cornoid lamella, but the features in types other than classical plaque were often minimal, No effective mode of therapy has been found.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adolescent ; Brain ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Porokeratosis*

About 5% of patients with SCLC have the ectopic production of ACTH. Ectopic ACTH production of SCLC is suspected when patients of SCLC have unexplained metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia. Most patients lack the classic feature of Cushing's syndrome. According to the recent report, they have poor prognosis, which median survival is less than 4 months and associated with a high rate of complication during chemotherapy. Also a case of paraneoplastic CRH production with SCLC can mimic the ectopic ACTH syndrome hut it can be distinguished by immunohistochemistry or direct measurement of serum CRH level. We report here a case of small cell lung cancer associated with Cushing's syndrome of ectopic ACTH production. That is immunohistochemically provened by staining with ACTH.
ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone* ; Alkalosis ; Cushing Syndrome* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Hypokalemia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Prognosis ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the primary indications, surgical outcomes, causes and risk factors for graft failure in patients with three or more penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) surgeries. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed indications for the initial corneal graft, survival periods, causes and risk factors for failure in 25 patients (26 eyes) who had undergone three or more PKP with minimum follow-up periods of nine months. RESULTS: The most common primary indications were herpes simplex keratitis (26.9%), followed by fungal keratitis (19.2%) and bacterial keratitis (11.5%). The average survival period of graft in three or more PKP was 12.9 +/- 9.1 months. As the frequency of PKP increased, the survival period became shorter; the survival period was the longest in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and the shortest in herpes simplex keratitis. The most common cause of graft failure was allograft rejection (82.8%), and the risk factors for graft failure were short interval between penetrating keratoplasties and corneal neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS: In three or more PKP, as the frequency of PKP increases, the survival period becomes shorter. Short interval between keratoplasties and cornel neovascularization were risk factors for graft failure; this results must be considered before surgery.
Corneal Transplantation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Keratitis, Herpetic ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Methylmethacrylates ; Polystyrenes ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Oral tolerance is defined by the inhibition of immune responsiveness to a protein previously exposed via the oral route. Protein antigens exposed via the oral route can be absorbed through the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract and can make physical contact with immune cells residing in the intestinal lamina propria (LP). However, the mechanisms of oral tolerance and immune regulation in the intestines currently remain to be clearly elucidated. METHODS: In order to determine the effect of oral protein antigen intake (ovalbumin, OVA) on the intestinal LP, we assessed the expression profile of the T cell receptor and the co-receptors on the cells from the intestines of the tolerant and immune mouse groups. RESULTS: We determined that the proportion of OVA-specific B cells and gamma delta T cells had decreased, but the CD8alpha beta and CD8alpha alpha T cells were increased in the LP from the tolerant group. The proportion of CD8+ T cells in the spleen did not evidence any significant differences between treatment groups. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that CD8+ T cells in the intestinal LP may perform a regulatory role following antigen challenge via the oral route.
Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Intestines ; Mice ; Mucous Membrane ; Ovalbumin ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; Spleen ; T-Lymphocytes

A retrospective histological study of 540 malignant lymphomas diagnosed at the Department of Pathology of the Seoul National University from 1976 through 1986 is presented. Malignant lymphoma is the 10th most common malignant tumor in Korea, comprising 3.07% of all malignancy during period of study. Among malignant lymphomas non-Hodgkin's lymphoma accounted for 82% and accordingly the Hodgkin's disease was for 18%. The most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was diffuse histiocytic lymphoma of Rappaport. Follicular lymphoma was very rare, comprising only 2.3%. T-cell lymphoma accounted for 9.6% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, the most frequent type being lymphoblastic lymphoma. Immunoblastic sarcoma and mycosis fungoides were occasionally seen but there was no case of pleomorphic adult T-cell lymphoma. Among Hodgkin's diseases, mixed cellularity type was the most common type, and nodular sclerosis type was relatively rare.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hodgkin Disease/*ethnology/pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology/*ethnology/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

A case of rather typical Crohn's disease in a 10 year old girl is described. She had suffered from intractable abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever for 1 year. Eventual right hemicolectomy revealed diffuse involvement of terminal ileum, cecum and ascending colon by confluent ulcerations and transmural inflammation. Histologically there were numerous well developed non-caseating granulomas scattered transmurally and in regional lymph nodes. Deep penetrating ulcerations were characteristic. Acid fast staining failed to demonstrate any organism. The rarity of Crohn's disease in Korea and this occurrence in pediatric age prompted this report.
Child ; Colitis/pathology ; Crohn Disease/diagnosis/*pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Granuloma/pathology ; Humans ; Ileitis/pathology ; Intestines/pathology

Congenital obstuction of pulmonary vein without anomalous drainage can cause long-standing pulmonary congestion and pulmonary arterial hypertension, and it may include stenosis of individual pulmonary veinsor total pulmonary vein atresia. We reviewed seven cases of pulmonary vein obstruction, five of which accompanied other cardiac anomalies. Right pulmonary veins were involved in all seven cases including one bilateral case. Pulmonary veins were occluded totally in five and partially in three lungs. Pumonary catheterization and angiography were done for diagnosis. Chest radiographs of total occlusion cases showed decreased lung volume, features of pulmonary edema, interstitial lesions, and pleural thickening, which were quite specific, whereas pulmonry venous dilatation was dominant findings in partial obstruction cases. Pulmonary perfusion scans (n=3) showed total perfusion defects in the cases of total occlusion of veins. MR imaging (n=2) demonstrated total occlusion of pulmonary veins in the venoatrial junction in two, and membranous focal obstruction in one lung. Two patients had pneumonectomy and histological confirmation, Although catheterization and angiography are essential for the diagnosis, MR imaging is thought to be useful for the diagnosis of pulmonary vein obstruction.
Angiography ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Drainage ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lung ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Perfusion ; Pneumonectomy ; Pulmonary Edema ; Pulmonary Veins* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Veins

Cephalometric radiographs, frontal photographs and profile silhouette phogographs of 68 young adult female who were model or were recommended to have esthetic face were used in this study. 7 Students in department of Art of Kyungpook national university and 15 orthodontists estimated profile slides which were made of 3 Profile silhouettes in parallel with FH plane. Profile silhouettes were made of soft tissue profile line of cephalometric radiograph. Only orthodontists estimated frontal photographs. Students and orthodontists score 9 in excellent case, score 7 in good case, score 5 in average case, score 3 in poor case. Correlation analysis between orthodontists' esthetic concept and Artists' esthetic concept, between frontal view esthetics and profile view esthetics which estimated by orthotontists, between profile view esthetics and profile measurements which consisted of measurements of 38 female who were scored above 5 mean score in profile silhouette by orthodontists were done. And the finding in this study indicated the following 1. Correlation between orthodontists' esthetic concept and Artists' esthetic concept in profile silhouette was significant (r=0.67,P=0.0001). 2. Correlation between frontal view esthetics and profile view esthetics which estimated by orthodontist was significant (r=0.26,P=0.0381). 3. Measurements which had significant correlation between profile measurements and profile view esthetics wer Na-Pog, to N', BNV to Pog', BNV/B' -Pog', Ls-Li-Pog', Li-B'-Pog' Z angle(P<0.05). 4 Mean and standard deviation of profile measurements of 38 female were obtained.
Esthetics ; Female* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Young Adult*

PURPOSE: We investigated the efficacy of fibrin glue for conjunctival closure in scleral buckling operations. METHODS: Thirty-seven eyes of 35 patients who underwent conjunctival closure for a scleral buckling operation with a minimum follow-up period of 3 months were evaluated. Postoperative discomfort (average score), presence of remnant adhesives, scleral buckle material infection, and wound dehiscence were evaluated prospectively in 35 eyes of 33 patients undergoing surgery with fibrin glue. RESULTS: The eyes showed decreasing conjunctival injection and hemorrhage over time and near to full recovered without any treatment after 1 month. With time, the average discomfort score decreased significantly (p < 0.05) and wound dehiscence was found in only 1 eye. There was no adhesive remnant in any of the eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of fibrin glue for conjunctival closure in scleral buckling operations is excellent as a cosmetic and functional method. The glue can reduce postoperative discomfort and is especially useful as a method to replace conventional conjunctival sutures.
Adhesives* ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Methods ; Prospective Studies ; Scleral Buckling* ; Sutures ; Tissue Adhesives ; Wounds and Injuries

OBJECTIVES: Psychiatric patients had less access to psychiatric care due to a stigma associated with psychiatric care. However there have been numerous efforts to break down the stigma. One of them was to change the name of the discipline to Mental Health Medicine, which was established nationwide in August, 2011. Authors try to understand the change of concepts by according to the change of the name of psychiatry. Subjects consisted of undergraduate and graduate students, and university faculty members. METHODS: The survey was conducted by the Kyung Hee University mass e-mail system. Mails were delivered to the undergraduate and graduate students, and university faculty members. The contents of the survey consisted of questions regarding awareness of the name change (psychiatry-->mental health medicine), positive or negative impressions of the name change, psychiatric history, and eligibility of access to the psychiatric clinic. RESULTS: Most respondents were not aware of the name change (90.8%), however they generally responded to the changed name positively (92.7%). Also they responded that by changing the name, the possibility of the easy access to psychiatric treatment would be expected. The undergraduate students group, the graduate students group, and the below 22 year old group responded more favorably to the name change compared to the faculty group and the above 22-year-old group. They also responded positively to the improvement of easy access to psychiatric treatment. However, regarding the effects of the name change on deciding to receive the psychiatric treatment, only small numbers were agreed to accept treatment. CONCLUSION: This survey showed that the less-than-22-year-old group, undergraduate students group, and graduate students group thought more positively to the name change (psychiatry->mental health medicine) compared to the group of more than the 22 years old and the faculty group. However, only small numbers of those groups answered that they can visit and receive psychiatric treatment when they are needed. One of the reasons they are reluctant to receive psychiatric care is due to the concern of the discrimination in employment and insurance coverage. Campaigns against stigmas for the psychiatric care via the proper method and time are needed nationwide, and should be enhanced. Practical policy should be re-established.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Electronic Mail ; Employment ; Humans ; Insurance Coverage ; Mental Health ; Postal Service ; Young Adult