The 26 year old male with the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy confirmed by M-mode and 2-D echocardiography is reported with the review of the literatures.
Adult ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic* ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Male

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is a condition characterized by transient constriction of cerebral arteries, which can lead to headaches and neurological abnormalities. In a case involving a patient who experienced headaches following a head injury, we present a case where the distinctive feature of thunderclap headache, typical of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, was not observed, leading to a misdiagnosis of post-concussion syndrome.

No abstract available.
Gait*

No abstract available.
Hyoid Bone* ; Mandibular Fractures* ; Masks*

BACKGROUND: Aurora kinase A (Aurora-A) plays an important role in the regulation of mitosis and cytokinesis. Dysregulated Aurora-A leads to mitotic faults and results in pathological conditions. No studies on Aurora-A expression in human diabetic skin tissue have been reported. In light of this, we explored the expression of Aurora-A in human diabetic skin tissue. METHODS: Aurora-A protein was evaluated by western blotting in 6 human diabetic skin tissue and 6 normal skin specimens. RESULTS: Increased expression of Aurora-A protein was detected in all diabetic skin tissue samples in both western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. However, in the case of the normal skin tissue, no bands of Aurora-A protein were detected in either the western blotting analysis or the immunohistochemical staining. CONCLUSIONS: Thus far, there have been no studies on the expression of Aurora-A in diabetic skin tissue. However, we believe that oxidative DNA damage related to the expression of Aurora-A protein and Aurora-A could be involved inhuman diabetic skin tissue.
Aurora Kinase A* ; Blotting, Western ; Cytokinesis ; Diabetes Mellitus ; DNA Damage ; Humans ; Mitosis ; Skin*

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to obtain the reference values of latency and amplitude of the medial plantar sensory nerve action potential(SNAP) in normal controls and to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of medial plantar sensory nerve conduction study(NCS) in diabetic neuropathy. METHOD: Thirty healthy controls(mean age, 48.7 years; range, 38~59 years) and 33 diabetic patients(mean age, 50.8 years; range, 37~64 years) were included in this study. The inclusion criteria for diabetic patients were subjects with the normal peroneal and tibial compound muscle action potentials, obtainable sural SNAPs and intact pressure-perception to Semmes-Weinstein monofilament 5.07. RESULTS: The medial plantar sensory nerve action potentials were obtainable in all control subjects and the reference values of onset latency and peak to peak amplitude were 4.29+/-0.49 msec and 3.1+/-1.34 V, respectively. All 33 diabetic patients showed the normal latency and 3 of them showed the low amplitude in sural SNAPs. The medial plantar SNAPs were obtainable in 24 diabetic patients. Among 9 patients with unobtainable medial plantar SNAPs, 6 showed the normal sural SNAPs and 3 showed the low sural SNAPs. The sensitivities of medial plantar SNAPs to sural nerve and sural SNAPs to medial plantar sensory nerve were 100%(3/3) and 27.3%(3/11) respectively. CONCLUSION: We concluded that medial plantar sensory NCS was more valuable in the early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy than the sural NCS and Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (North Coast Medical Inc, USA).
Action Potentials ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Neural Conduction* ; Reference Values ; Sural Nerve ; Tibial Nerve

Esophageal carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the brain. Although some studies have mentioned esophageal cancer with solitary brain metastasis or with meningocerebral metastasis or with skull metastasis, multiple meningocerebral metastasis and extensive skull metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus has not been reported in the literature. We encountered a case of an extensive osteolytic change of the skull and multiple meningocerebral metastases from esophageal carcinoma.
Brain ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Esophagus* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Skull*

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with combined anterior instability and superior labrum from anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions, and to analyze the effect of concomitant SLAP repair on surgical outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent arthroscopic stabilization for anterior shoulder instability between January 2004 and March 2013. A total of 120 patients were available for at least 1-year follow-up. Forty-four patients with reparable concomitant detached SLAP lesions (group I) underwent combined SLAP and anterior stabilization, and 76 patients without SLAP lesions (group II) underwent anterior stabilization alone. Patient characteristics, preoperative and postoperative pain scores, Rowe scores, and shoulder ranges of motion were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Patients in group I had higher incidences of high-energy trauma (p = 0.03), worse preoperative pain visual analogue scale (VAS) (p = 0.02), and Rowe scores (p = 0.04). The postoperative pain VAS and Rowe scores improved equally in both groups without significant differences. Limitation in postoperative range of motion was similar between the groups (all p-value > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Anterior instability with SLAP lesion may not be related to frequent episodes of dislocation but rather to a high-energy trauma. SLAP fixation with anterior stabilization procedures did not lead to poor functional outcomes if appropriate surgical techniques were followed.
Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pain, Postoperative ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder Dislocation ; Shoulder*

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with combined anterior instability and superior labrum from anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions, and to analyze the effect of concomitant SLAP repair on surgical outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent arthroscopic stabilization for anterior shoulder instability between January 2004 and March 2013. A total of 120 patients were available for at least 1-year follow-up. Forty-four patients with reparable concomitant detached SLAP lesions (group I) underwent combined SLAP and anterior stabilization, and 76 patients without SLAP lesions (group II) underwent anterior stabilization alone. Patient characteristics, preoperative and postoperative pain scores, Rowe scores, and shoulder ranges of motion were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Patients in group I had higher incidences of high-energy trauma (p = 0.03), worse preoperative pain visual analogue scale (VAS) (p = 0.02), and Rowe scores (p = 0.04). The postoperative pain VAS and Rowe scores improved equally in both groups without significant differences. Limitation in postoperative range of motion was similar between the groups (all p-value > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Anterior instability with SLAP lesion may not be related to frequent episodes of dislocation but rather to a high-energy trauma. SLAP fixation with anterior stabilization procedures did not lead to poor functional outcomes if appropriate surgical techniques were followed.
Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pain, Postoperative ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder Dislocation ; Shoulder*

Previously, we demonstrated the changes of erectile tissues by intraperitoneal administration of BPA with toxic dose (cumulative dose of 900mg) in the rabbit. We performed this study to investigate the changes of erectile tissues by intracavernosal administration of BPA with low dose. New Zealand white rabbits were treated intracavernosally with 1 mg, 1 micro gram, 1 ng, and 1pg of BPA. Four weeks after administration of BPA, the contractions and relaxation of cavernosal tissue strips were significantly suppressed in the BPA-treated animals in a dose-dependent fashion compared with the control animals. Histologically, thickening of tunica albuginea by increased collagen fibers, subtunical deposition of fat, and decreased sinusoidal space by severe cavernosal smooth muscle hyperplasia with fibrosis were observed in the BPA treated animals. These results suggest that xenoestrogen BPA may affect the erectile function through evident histological changes of the penis in low dose.
Animals ; Collagen ; Fibrosis ; Hyperplasia ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; Penis ; Rabbits ; Relaxation