No abstract available.
Muscular Diseases*

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Liposarcoma* ; Neck*

No abstract available.
Amnion* ; Cell Line* ; Cyclooxygenase 2* ; Protein Kinases*

No abstract available.
Blood Transfusion* ; Lymphocytes*

No abstract available.
Breech Presentation* ; Female ; Fetus* ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Optic Nerve Injuries* ; Optic Nerve*

No abstract available.
Wegener Granulomatosis*

Androgen deficiency in aging male has become a topic of increasing interest and debate throughout the world. The past decade has brought evidence that androgen treatment of hypogonadal men has benefits for multiple target organs. It is recognized that significant alterations in many endocrine systems occur in association with aging, but the significance of these changes is not well understood. In addition to its role in specific organ systems, testosterone has been found to play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction. Based on data from the last 20 years, the syndrome previously called PADAM(partial androgen deficiency in aging male) is now referred to as LOH(late-onset hypogonadism), as recommended by the ISA(International Society of Andrology) at the 4th ISSAM Congress in 2004. LOH is a clinical and biochemical syndrome associated with advancing age and characterized by a set of typical symptoms accompanied by a deficiency in serum testosterone. Diagnostic tools for LOH, long-term data on the effects of testosterone replacement in aging men, and specific risk data for the prostate and cardiovascular systems are still limited. However, we have seen the recent development of a more effective and safe formulation of testosterone, e.g., Testogel 1% and a long-acting testosterone undecanoate injectable. Until better methods for caring LOH are refined, the urologists should be alert and stay current with the updates from the academic societies.
Aging ; Cardiovascular System ; Endocrine System ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Hypogonadism* ; Male* ; Prostate ; Testosterone

No abstract available.
Gaucher Disease*

Schizophrenia is a devastating mental illness that can lead to deterioration in the social and occupational functioning of affected individuals with a major cost to society. A wide range of studies suggest a genetic component to the inheritance of schizophrenia. The molecular genetic studies on schizophrenia have been actively performed since late 1980s. In linkage studies, no loci were replicated across studies and there were no loci surpassing genome-wide significance. Candidate gene association studies showed generally inconsistent results and there were no enrichment of smaller P-values. In the GWAS era, the community has coalesced into large international consortia. The largest schizophrenia GWAS to date is 50,000 samples and efforts are ongoing to accumulate 50,000 cases and 50,000 controls as part of 'PGC2' collaboration. With the limitation of GWAS results, several alternatives are being explored. In genotyping, the concepts of allelic spectrum including from common polygenic to rare penetrant variation are emerging. Phenotypes include all phenomena beyond DNA. The developments in transcriptomic & proteomic approach and intensive research on endophenotype will bring crucial insights into the nature of schizophrenia in the future. But there still remains our task about research on many factors including environment that influence gene expression (epigenetics), age, and gender.
Cooperative Behavior ; DNA ; Endophenotypes ; Epigenomics ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Association Studies ; Molecular Biology ; Phenotype ; Schizophrenia ; Wills