OBJECTIVE: As homeless people increased in urban areas after the economic crisis in Korea, they became a serious social problem. Foreign research showed that many homeless people had chronic mental illnesses which were closely related with the cause and prognosis of homelessness. But very little was known about the prevalence of mental disorders in Korean homeless people. This study tried to capture the overall picture of mental disorders in homeless people. METHOD: The study subjects were 216 homeless people who stayed at two Pusan shelters between late 1998 and early 1999. Questionnaires on sociodemographic data were administered to the subjects, and then diagnoses of major DSM-IV Axis I mental disorders were made using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders(SCID). The lifetime and current prevalence of mental disorders in this study were compared to those from other studies in Korean general population and in foreign homeless people. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of major DSM-IV mental disorders(mood disorders, psychotic disorders, and substance use disorders) of 216 homeless people was 60.1%, and current prevalence was 35.7%. The lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorders was 22.5% which was higher than that of foreign studies. The lifetime prevalence of alcohol use disorder was 47.4%. The lifetime prevalence of psychotic disorders was 3.8%, and among them the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia was 1.9% which was lower than that of foreign studies. CONCLUSIONS: In Korean homeless people, mood disorders and substance use disorders were the main mental disorders and psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia were less than in foreign homeless people. The plans to approach and treat homeless people with mental disorders should be made.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Busan ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Homeless Persons ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Disorders* ; Mood Disorders ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Psychotic Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Schizophrenia ; Social Problems ; Substance-Related Disorders

No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Biopsy*

Precocious puberty (PP) is defined as the early development of secondary sexual characteristics (before the ages of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys). The aim of this study is to identify characteristics of the dental maturity in girls with PP that discriminate them from normal healthy girls. This study included 99 girls aged 6 - 8 years with PP and 99 girls without past medical history of same chronological age (control group). The study was performed on 198 panoramic radiographs (99 PP girls, 99 control group girls). Demirjian method was used to evaluate the panoramic radiographs and determine dental maturity. Difference in dental maturity score and tooth formation stages between the two groups were analyzed. The PP group showed significant higher maturity score than control group. Among mandibular teeth, mandibular 2nd premolar and 2nd molar were significantly more mature in the PP group than control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that mandibular 2nd molar was only significant predictor for PP girls.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the stages of calcification of various teeth and skeletal maturity stages among Korean subjects. The samples were derived from hand-wrist, panoramic radiographs, and lateral cephalograms of 743 subjects (359 males and 384 females) with ages ranging from 6 to 14 years. Calcification of seven permanent mandibular teeth on the left side were rated according to the system of Demirjian. To evaluate the stage of skeletal maturation, hand-wrist radiographs were analyzed by skeletal maturity indicators (SMI) system of Fishman and lateral cephalograms by cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method of Baccetti. Statistically significant relationships were found between dental calcification and skeletal maturity stages according to Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients (r = 0.40-0.84, p < 0.001). The second molar showed the highest correlation and central incisor showed the lowest correlation for female and male subjects. For both sexes, canine stage G and second molar stage F were related to SMI 6 and CS 3. Because of the high correlation coefficients, this study suggests that tooth calcification stages from panoramic radiographs might be clinically useful as a maturity indicator of the pubertal growth period in Korean patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 3 different automatic landmark identification programs on lateral cephalgrams and the clinical acceptability in pediatric dentistry.
Sixty digital cephalometric radiographs of 7 to 12 years old healthy children were randomly selected. Fourteen landmarks were chosen for assessment and the mean of 3 measurements of each landmark by a single examiner was defined as the baseline landmarks. The mean difference between an automatically identified landmark and the baseline landmark was measured for each landmark on each image.
The total mean difference of 3 automatic programs compared to the baseline landmarks were 2.53 ± 1.63 mm. Errors among 3 programs were not significantly different for 12 of 14 landmarks except Orbitale and Gonion. The automatic landmark identification programs showed significant higher mean detection errors than the manual method. The programs couldn’t be used as the 1st tool to replace human examiners. But considering short consuming time, these results indicate that all 3 programs have sufficient validity to be used in pediatric dental clinic.

PURPOSE: Up to now, there are several controversies in many aspects of osteochondritis dissecans. In this paper, we have intended to evaluate the frequent location and the etiology of the osteochondritis dis-secans of the femoral condyles, and to assess the adequate modality of operative treatment and its results according to the modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively forty-four knees in forty patients. We analysed their clinical and radiological finding to take the incidence at both condyles and its etiology and to estab-lish the modality of applied operative methods according to the status of the lesion. The performed operative methods were multiple drilling(1 case), fragment fixation(2 cases), curettage & multiple drilling(36 cases), osteochondral autotransplantation(5 cases). The majority of these operation was proceeded under arthroscopy. Its clinical results were assessed by Aichroth's result grading system after an average follow-up of two-years and eleven months(range, one year and two months to six years and one month). RESULTS: Twenty one cases were medial femoral condylar lesions, and 23 cases were lateral. 91% patients had had the history of the definitive trauma(20 cases) or the minor repetitive trauma in their envi-ronments(20 cases). After operative treatment, seven knees had an excellent result; twenty-nine, a good result; six, a moderate result; and two, a poor result. Satisfactory result was 82%. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of this review, we suggest that there is no difference in incidence between both femoral condyles, and that the trauma is seemed to play a major role as an etiologic factor. Majority of operated patients showed satisfactory results after application of our treatment modality.
Adult* ; Arthroscopy ; Curettage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee ; Osteochondritis Dissecans* ; Osteochondritis* ; Retrospective Studies

The aim of this study is to compare the differences of the demineralization resistance of resin infiltration and 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride in bovine teeth with artificial caries. We applied 1.23% Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel and Icon® caries infiltrant on the artificial bovine enamel carious lesion and then demineralized all samples. The depth of demineralization was measured by using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) and observed the roughness and irregularity of the enamel was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).In this experiment with demineralization resistance on smooth artificial carious lesion, less depth of demineralization, roughness, and irregularity of enamel was observed in APF gel and Icon® group than in the control group. There was no significant difference between the depth of demineralization of 1.23% APF gel and Icon® caries infiltrant group. However, resin infiltration is beneficial as less roughness and irregularity was observed on the enamel surface than when 1.23% APF gel is applied.
Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride ; Dental Enamel ; Tooth

Guided tissue regeneration, bone graft procedures, and application of growth factors have been used to regenerate lost periodontal tissues. Recently, enamel matrix derivative has been introduced into periodontal regeneration procedures in expectation of promoting new bone and cementum formation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of enamel matrix derivative in 1-wall intrabony defects in beagle dogs. For this purpose, each dog was anesthesized using intravenous anesthesia and mandibular 1st, 3rd premolars were extracted. 2 months later, the 1-wall intrabony defects(mesio-distal width; 4mm, depth; 4mm) were created on the distal side of 2nd premolars and mesial side of 4th premolars. The control group was treated with debridement alone,and experimental group was treated with debridement and enamel matrix derivative application. The healing processes were histologically and histometrically observed after 8 weeks and the results were as follows : 1. The length of junctional epithelium was 0.94+/-0.80mm in the control group, 0.57+/-0.42mm in the experimental group, with no statistically significant difference between groups. 2. The connective tissue attachment was 1.36+/-0.98mm in the control group, 0.38+/-0.43mm in the experimental group, with statistically significant difference between groups(P<0.05). 3. The new cementum formation was 2.49+/-1.06mm in the control group, 3.59+/-0.74mm in the experimental group, with statistically significant difference between groups(P<0.05). 4. The new bone formation was 1.92+/-0.97mm in the control group, 2.32+/-0.59mm in the experimental group, with no statistically significant difference between groups. Within the limitation to this study protocol, enamel matrix derivative application in 1-wall intrabony defect enhanced new cementum formation. Although there was no statistically significant difference, enamel matrix derivative also seems to be effective in inhibition of apical migration of junctional epithelium and new bone formation.
Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Animals ; Bicuspid ; Connective Tissue ; Debridement ; Dental Cementum ; Dental Enamel* ; Dogs* ; Epithelial Attachment ; Guided Tissue Regeneration ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Osteogenesis ; Regeneration ; Transplants

Although midgut volvulus is clinically characterized by bilous vomiting and abdominal distention, plain abdominal X-ray is usually non-specific and therefore it can be misdiagnosed to other diseases. Upper gastrointestinal contrast study and computed tomography have been used as a routine diagnostic tool but it takes cost and time. Abdominal ultrasonography is a relatively good alternatives in diagnosing midgut volvulus and it relatively saves cost and time. But case presentation of midgut volvulus diagnosed with abdominal ultrasonography are rarely found in literature. We experienced a 6 month old girl who had come to our hospital with bilous vomiting and was diagnosed as midgut volvulus with ultrasonography. Thus we report this case with the presentation of typical ultrasonographic findings of midgut volvulus.
Diagnosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant* ; Intestinal Volvulus* ; Intussusception* ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color* ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: Reconstruction of full-thickness defects of the nasal ala has always been a challenge. Local flaps can be used easily, and good result can be achieved when it is indicated. But local flaps often result in facial scars and bulky ala that require secondary revisions. Composite auricular chondrocutaneous graft may matches nasal alae well in terms of contour, color and texture, however, the size of composite graft is limited. We performed free vascularized helical root flaps for reconstruction of nasal ala. METHODS: Bilateral ala was excised and the defects were reconstructed with a chondrocutaneous free helical root flap. Each side of ala was reconstructed in 3 months interval. Superficial temporal vessels of vascularized helical root flap were anastomosed to facial vessels. Great saphenous vein was used for interpositional vascular graft. RESULTS: Flaps survived successfully. The contour, texture and color match were satisfactory. Functional problem of nasal obstruction caused by scar stenosis of nostrils was also resolved. CONCLUSION: The free vascularized helical root flap is a reliable method in reconstruction of nasal alar defects. The donor deformity was minimal.
Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Nasal Obstruction ; Saphenous Vein ; Succinates ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants