No abstract available.
Breech Presentation* ; Female ; Fetus* ; Pregnancy

Purpose: To investigate the clinical efficacy of the Spot Vision Screener in measuring refractive power and detecting strabismusin pediatric patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the spherical equivalent, cylinder, and strabismus using the Spot Vision Screener beforecycloplegic refraction for pediatric patients <10 years of age. We compared the spherical equivalent and cylinder using the SpotVision Screener with the results of cycloplegic refraction, and we measured the accuracy of the Spot Vision Screener in detectingstrabismus compared with the alternate prism cover test. Results: A total of 38 eyes of 19 patients were included in this study. There was no significant difference in spherical equivalentbetween the Spot Vision Screener before cycloplegic refraction and cycloplegic refraction (paired t-test: -0.25 ± 1.12 diopters [D]vs. 0.04 ± 1.86 D; p = 0.12). There was a significant difference in cylinder between the Spot Vision Screener before cycloplegicrefraction and cycloplegic refraction, but the difference was only -0.25 D (paired t-test: -1.41 ± 1.16 D vs. -1.16 ± 1.25 D; p = 0.01).The sensitivity of the Spot Vision Screener was 42.86%, and the specificity was 66.67% for detecting strabismus. Conclusions The Spot Vision Screener was a useful instrument to measure the refractive power in pediatric patients before cycloplegicrefraction, but it had poor sensitivity and specificity for detecting strabismus.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize perioperative biomechanical changes after thoracic spine surgery. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients underwent spinal instrumented fusions and simple laminectomies on the thoracolumbar spine from April 2003 to October 2008. Patients were allocated to three groups; namely, the laminectomy without fusion group (group I, n = 17), the thoracolumbar fusion group (group II, n = 27), and the thoracic spine fusion group (group III, n = 14). Sagittal (ADS) and coronal (ADC) angles for adjacent segments were measured from two disc spaces above lesions at the upper margins, to two disc spaces below lesions at the lower margins. Sagittal (TLS) and coronal (TLC) angles of the thoracolumbar junction were measured from the lower margin of the 11th thoracic vertebra body to the upper margin of the 2nd lumbar vertebra body on plane radiographs. Adjacent segment disc heights and disc signal changes were determined using simple spinal examinations and by magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical outcome indices were determined using a visual analog scale. RESULTS: The three groups demonstrated statistically significant differences in terms of angle changes by ANOVA (p < 0.05). All angles in group I showed significantly smaller angles changes than in groups II and III by Turkey's multiple comparison analysis. Coronal Cobb's angles of the thoracolumbar spine (TLC) were not significantly different in the three groups. CONCLUSION: Postoperative sagittal balance is expected to change in the adjacent and thoracolumbar areas after thoracic spine fusion. However, its prevalence seems to be higher when the thoracolumbar spine is included in instrumented fusion.
Humans ; Laminectomy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prevalence ; Spine

PURPOSE: To present a case of acute angle-closure glaucoma in a nanophthalmos patient. CASE SUMMARY: A 28-year-old woman visited the hospital for a sudden pain in the left eye, she had a small orbital bone and narrow palpebral fissurea in both eyes. Her intraocular pressure (IOP) was 58 mmHg in the left eye. The slit lamp examination showed shallow anterior chambers in both eyes, and the gonioscopic examination showed a closed angle in the left eye. The diameters of the corneas were 11 mm , and the axial lengths were 19.7 mm in the right eye and 19.6 mm in the left eye. The depths of the anterior chambers were 1.51 mm in the right eye and 1.82 mm in the left eye. The disease was diagnosed as acute angle-closure glaucoma in the left eye of the patient with nanophthalmos, and thus the IOP of the left eye was lowered using ophthalmic drugs and medications. Laser iridotomy was performed on both eyes. CONCLUSIONS: For around a year of follow-up after laser iridotomy, complications such as the rise of intraocular pressure and choroidal effusion were not observed. This suggests that laser iridotomy can be an effective treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma accompanying nanophthalmos.
Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; Choroid ; Cornea ; Eye ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Orbit

Congenital anomalies in arches of the atlas are rare, and are usually discovered incidentally. However, a very rare subgroup of patients with unique radiographic features is predisposed to transient quadriparesis after minor cervical or head trauma. A 46-year-old male presented with a 2-month history of tremor and hyperesthesia of the lower extremities after experiencing a minor head trauma. He said that he had been quadriplegic for about 2 weeks after that trauma. Radiographs of his cervical spine revealed bilateral bony defects of the lateral aspects of the posterior arch of C1 and a midline cleft within the anterior arch of the atlas. A magnetic resonance imaging revealed an increased cord signal at the C2 level on the T2-weighted sagittal image. A posterior, suboccipital midline approach for excision of the remnant posterior tubercle was performed. The patient showed significant improvement of his motor and sensory functions. Since major neurologic deficits can be produced by a minor trauma, it is crucial to recognize this anomaly.
Cervical Atlas ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Humans ; Hyperesthesia ; Lower Extremity ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Quadriplegia ; Sensation ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spine ; Tremor

No abstract available.
Paragonimiasis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in athletic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2003 to May 2013, 388 patients (422 hips) who underwent arthroscopic surgery for FAI were evaluated demographic characteristics. The patients' age, gender, diagnosis, and type of sports were analyzed using medical records and radiography. RESULTS: Among 422 hips in 388 patients, 156 hips were involved with sports. Among the 156 hips, 86, 43, and 27 hips were categorized as cam, pincer, and mixed type, respectively. Types of sports were soccer, baseball and taekwondo which showed 44, 36 and 35 hips, respectively. Also, cases related to sports according to age were 63 hips for twenties and 12 hips for teenagers in which the two showed highest association to FAI. The kinds of sports that showed high association were 28 hips of soccer and 20 cases of martial arts such as taekwondo and judo for twenties and 9 hips of martial arts for teenagers which was the highest. CONCLUSION: FAI usually occurs in young adults and is highly related to sports activity. Most of the FAI type related to sports activity was cam type, and soccer and martial arts such as taekwondo were the most common cause of it.
Adolescent ; Arthroscopy ; Athletes* ; Baseball ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiology* ; Femoracetabular Impingement* ; Hip ; Humans ; Martial Arts ; Medical Records ; Prevalence ; Radiography ; Soccer ; Sports ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Using a visual analogue scale, patients pain was compared according to injection site during intravitreal injection. METHODS: A prospective, clinical trial was conducted on 171 eyes of patients experiencing age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, or central serous chorioretinopathy. After determining the anatomic quadrant of the injection site, patients were randomized to receive intravitreal bevacizumab, aflibercept, ranibizumab, or dexamethasone injection. Fifteen minutes after the injection, patients completed a survey about pain using a visual analogue scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain). RESULTS: According to the visual analogue scale, pain score was 3.20 at the superotemporal site, 3.03 at the superonasal site, and 2.35 at the inferonasal site. Pain was lowest when injected in an inferotemporal site (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injection at an inferotemporal site can help reduce patient pain.
Bevacizumab ; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ; Dexamethasone ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections* ; Macular Degeneration ; Pain Measurement ; Prospective Studies ; Ranibizumab ; Retinal Vein Occlusion

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of eyes implanted with a zonal refractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) with an inferior segmental near add (M-plus), and to compare the outcomes between M-plus and a diffractive-type multifocal IOL, AT LISA (366D, bifocal). METHODS: We reviewed 19 eyes from 10 patients who were implanted with M-plus and 52 eyes of 26 patients who were implanted with AT LISA. The clinical outcomes of these 2 intraocular lenses were evaluated at 1 day and 2 months postoperatively, and consisted of distant, intermediate, and near visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, degree of tilt, and decentration using anterior segment photography, depth of focus, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between the 2 groups with respect to distant vision, near vision, refractive error, contrast sensitivity, degree of tilt, decentration, or satisfaction score. The M-plus group demonstrated significantly better intermediate visual acuity. In the defocus curve, the M-plus group also demonstrated significantly better visual acuities for intermediate unfocused vision levels. CONCLUSIONS: The M-plus multifocal IOLs are able to provide satisfactory distant and near visual acuity and visual function. The M-plus multifocal IOLs provide better intermediate vision than the AT LISA.
Contrast Sensitivity ; Fluconazole ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Patient Satisfaction ; Photography ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between central corneal thickness (CCT) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the eyes of patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) at the initial examination and to examine the difference in the degrees of damage of RNFL thickness depending on the CCT. METHODS: Fifty-one eyes of 36 patients with NTG were included in the study, and 51 eyes of 30 people without the disease were used as a control group. CCT and peripapillary RNFL thickness were measured in each eye by ultrasonic pachymetry and optical coherence tomography(OCT), respectively. Patients from the normal NTG group who underwent OCT more than three times inthree years were identically assigned to two groups based on CCT: thin (< 553.6 micrometer) and thick (> or = 553.6 micrometer). Thus, a comparison of the changes in the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer was performed between the two groups. RESULTS: Patients with NTG showed a significant positive correlation between CCT and the mean peripapillary RNFL thickness at the initial examination (R=0.68, p<0.01). There were no significant differences in the changes in thickness of RNFL between the groups based on CCT (p>0.05) CONCLUSIONS: At the time of initial diagnosis of NTG, there was a significant correlation between the thickness of CCT and RNFL. Howeverthere was no significant correlation between the thickness of CCT and the progression of the damage of RNFL.
Eye ; Humans ; Low Tension Glaucoma ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Ultrasonics