Pancreases from 123 human embryos and fetuses ranging from 3 weeks to 40 weeks of gestation age were studied. Thirty four cases were examined by immunohistochemical preparations to investigate the temporal development of the pancreatic islet particularly with reference of its origin, time of appearance and interrelation of various types of islet cells. Following results were made. 1) The endocrine cells and the acinar cells both originated from the primitive pancreatic duct cells. 2) Alpha, beta and delta cells began to appear almost simultaneously at 10 weeks og gestation. A, B and D cells, in decreasing order of frequency, were all found in the entire areas of the pancreas. 3) Four types of fetal islets i.e., preimtive, "homologous", bipolar and mantle, could be recognized during development. The latter 3 types first appeared simultaneously at 17 weeks of gestation. They continued to increase in sized and number throughout the fetal life and constituted permanent islets. 4) Two types of islet cells could be distinguished with routine H&E staining after the second trimester. 5) The size of fetal pancreatic islets were rapidly increased between early (64 micrometer) and mid-term (113 micrometer) (p<0.05). 6) The primitive islets were composed of 37.3% of alpha cells, 41.3% of beta cells and 13.4% of delta cells. At mid-term the mantle islets were composed of 36.4% of alpha cell, 42.7% of beta cell and 25.6% of delta cell. At term beta cell was higher value (52.6%) than alpha cell (29.3%) and delta cell (17.6%) (p<0.05).
Humans

A 77-year old man living in Kyunggi-Do, Korea was surgically treated at Seoul National University Hospital on April 1981, because of acute abdomen. At laparotomy, a 1.77m long adult Taenia saginata was found both in gallbladder and in common bile duct to cause acute gangrenous cholecystitis. The relevant literature were reviewed and possible mechanisms of the disease were discussed.
parasitology-helminth-cestoda ; Taenia saginata-taeniasis ; case report ; gallbladder ; common bile duct ; acute abdomen ; laparatomy

We have studied morphologic characteristics and apoptosis on the fetal brain of the trisomy 16 mouse, a model for human trisomy 21 syndrome. This study was based on serial sections of the whole brain from a sample of sixteen trisomy 16 mice and forty-six age-matched control littermates from embryonic day (ED) 12 to ED 18. Trisomy 16 brains showed a reduction of telencephalic size and abnormal cortical development. At ED 13 trisomy 16 and control brains appeared similar. By ED 14 difference in the cortical thickness and telencephalic growth became evident, and by ED 16 a marked size difference had developed between the trisomy 16 and control brains. By ED 18, however, the thickness of the trisomy 16 cortex had increased considerably and was not significantly different with respect to the thickness and cross-sectional areas of the pallium and its constituent cortical layers. The cell density of the trisomy 16 cortex had persistently decreased before ED 17, when the cell density of control and trisomy 16 corteces was similar within each layer. At ED 18 cell density of trisomy 16 cortex in each layer increased. There was inverse relationship between a number of TUNEL positive apoptotic cells and cell density in the trisomy 16 brains. Our results suggest that developmental abnormalities of the trisomy 16 brain indicated developmental delay of the telencephalon growth, which may be caused by apoptosis rather than by a proliferation defect.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Brain* ; Cell Count ; Down Syndrome ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Mice* ; Telencephalon ; Trisomy*

During the past two decades, silicone (polydimethylsiloxane) has become one of the most extensively applied biomaterials. Although pure silicone is relatively inert and usually causes only minimal tissue reactions, it has been reported to evoke a definite foreign body reaction. We studied five cases of silicone-induced granulomas in various sites; two in the breast, one in the breast and axillary lymph nodes, one in the subcutis of the abdomen, back and extremities and one in the eyeball, to illustrate the salient histopathologic features of reactions to silicone with particular emphasis to its differences from paraffin granuloma. For this, 17 paraffinomas were also studied. Tissue reaction to silicone liquid and gel was characterized by numerous round to oval empty cystic vacuoles, mild to moderate fat necrosis, foreign body reaction, a variable degree of mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration and mild focal fibrosis. The cystic spaces were relatively uniform and showed a snow-man like appearance. In contrast to the silicone granulomas, the paraffinomas, also refered to as sclerosing lipogranulomas showed diffuse sclerosis and frequent calcification around the cystic vacuoles. The cystic spaces in paraffinomas were swiss cheese-like configuration, and the content of the cystic spaces was dirty and frequently calcified. However, there were certain similarities between these two types of granulomas particularly in the early phases of the reaction, therefore, the history of silicone injection or implant, is sometimes critical to the diagnosis of silicone granuloma. Despite great technologic advances in the manufacturing of prostheses and medical equipment, droplets and/or particles of silicone still escape into the body tissues in a variety of ways; therefores, the pathologist should always wonder whether the histologic reaction observed is due to silicone or to some other foreign material including paraffin.

The cliniopathological analysis was done on the 104 cases of malignant melanoma diagnosed at the Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) from 1984 to 1993. The basic clinical data and the pathological items were based on the New Mexico Melanoma Registry Worksheet. The results were as follows. The male to female ratio was 1 : 0.79. Primary cutaneous melanoma was more common in the male (M : F=1 : 0.56) but primary extracutaneous melanoma with slight female dominancy (M : F=1 : 1.25). The peak age was the 6th decade in both cutaneous and extracutaneous malignant melanoma. In 66% (35 cases) of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma, the primary site was located in the acral area (including cases of acral lentiginous and nodular type), of which 63% (41% of total cutaneous melanoma) was acral lentiginous type. Major components of tumor cells were epithelioid. Clark's level of tumor was III or more at the time of the first visit in the majority of the cases (85%). The incidence rate of extracutaneous melanoma was 34.6% (36 cases) among the primary melanoma, and the eyeball (17.3%) was the most prevalent organ. All these features suggest that the racial difference between the Korean and the Caucasian is evident and also that etiologic role of sun damage is not quite marked in the Korean. We also suggest that an early detection program is very important to cure this malignant tumor.
Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Melanoma* ; New Mexico ; Seoul ; Solar System

Thirty two cases of nevus sebaceus were studied by immunohistochemical staining employing three anticytokeratin antibodies(34bE, 34bB, CAM 5.2) and anti-involucrin antibody in order to clarify the biochemical characteristics of the covering epidermis of nevus sebaceus. An attempt was made to compare the expression pattern of these proteins in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus with that in normal skin and in epidermal nevus. Serial sections in all cases were also stained with PAS in attempt to correlate these protein expression with the amount of glycogen in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus. The following results are obtained. 1. The expression of cytokeratin and involucrin in the epidermis of nevus sebaceus was changed as the age of the lesions increased, but we could not identify a uniform pattern according to the age of lesions. 2. Several CAM 5.2 positive cells were found in the basal layer of the epidermis of nevus sebaceus lesion obtained from patients over 10 years of age. 3. The expression of cytokeratin and involucrin did not show any correlation with glycogen content. These results suggest that the covering epidermis of the lesion of nevus sebaceus may not be nevoid proliferation of epidermal nevus.
Epidermis* ; Glycogen ; Humans ; Keratins* ; Nevus* ; Skin

No abstract available.
Gaucher Disease*

No abstract available.
Arthritis, Infectious* ; Hip Joint* ; Hip*

A case of lipoblastomatosis occuring in a 1 year and 10 month old boy is described. The tumor was first presented in the left foot at his age of 4 month, and was surgically removed. The tumor was grossly infiltrating skeletal muscle tissue, and was microscopically composed of lobulated fat tissue with prominent myxoid stroma and many immature mesenchymal cells and scattered multivacuolated lipoblasts. The tumor recurred 11/2 years later and was again removed. The tumor was equally lobulated and located inbetween skeletal muscle. However, this time lobulated tumor consisted almost entirely of mature fat tissue with scattered lipoblasts.

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy is a distinct clinicopathologic entity with unique microscopic findings and benign clinical course. This tumor is composed of intervening dense fibrocollagenous trabeculae, well defined mucoid areas and varying amounts of mature fat, which are arranged in organoid growth pattern. We report three typical cases of this tumor which were experienced during the recent two years at the Seoul National University Hospital. It is the first description on this tumor in Korean literature. Case 1 was a 10 month old boy who was admitted due to a mass in the right infra clavicular area for 6 months. The mass showed irregular and poorly circumscribed outer surface. Case 2 was a one month old girl who was presented with a diffuse ill defined hairy mass in the left buttock since birth. Case 3 was a 15 month old boy who was brought to the hospital due to well circumscribed scrotal mass fot 8 months. Microscopically all three cases showed very similar histological features. And all 3 cases are well after the removal of the tumors.
Hamartoma