1.Effectiveness of Levonorgestrel Releasing Intrauterine System in Perimenopausal Women with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: A Prospective Study at a Teaching Hospital in India
Nidhi ; Archana KUMARI ; Sarita TIRKEY ; Jay PRAKASH
Journal of Menopausal Medicine 2022;28(3):128-135
Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on heavy menstrual bleeding in perimenopausal women.
Methods:
This was a prospective, observational clinical study conducted on 42 perimenopausal women with heavy menstrual bleeding who met the study eligibility criteria. LNG-IUS was inserted in the postmenstrual phase following baseline evaluation. The patients were followed up at the 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC) score, hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels, and endometrial thickness were assessed before insertion and during the follow-up visits.
Results:
Two patients (4.8%) were lost to follow-up, three patients (7.1%) opted for hysterectomy, two women (4.8%) experienced spontaneous expulsion and 35 (83.3%) women continued the usage. Menstrual blood loss assessed using the median PBAC score (interquartile range) significantly reduced (P < 0.001) from the pre-insertion level of 280 (246–306) to 124 (60–200) at 4 weeks to 45 (34–76) at 12 weeks and further to 32 (20–50) at the end of 24 weeks. Simultaneously, a significant (P < 0.001) improvement in the mean hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels and a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in endometrial thickness were observed. The most common side effect was spotting (50.0%) and vaginal discharge (38.1%).
Conclusions
LNG-IUS causes a remarkable reduction in menstrual blood loss and marked improvement in dysmenorrhea. It also reduces anemia by improving the hemoglobin and ferritin levels. Thus, it can serve as an effective treatment option for heavy menstrual bleeding in perimenopausal women and prevent the need for a hysterectomy.
2.Intracapsular fracture of the proximal femur in a bilateral above-knee amputee: A case report with technical tips for intraoperative positioning and literature review.
Aditya JAIN ; Hemant BANSAL ; Samarth MITTAL ; Arvind KUMAR ; Vivek TRIKHA
Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2022;25(5):306-310
Intracapsular fractures of the proximal femur are one of the most common fractures of the lower limbs. Most cases require osteosynthesis with suitable implants, and intraoperative positioning of the patient on the fracture table is a prerequisite to facilitate fracture manipulation, traction, reduction and fluoroscopy assessment. However, positioning the limbs of bilateral above-knee amputees for internal fixation of related proximal femoral fractures is a difficult task, which requires customized inventory for effective limb positioning and fracture manipulation. This study reported a rare case following a crush injury of bilateral lower limb in a road traffic accident, and described some technical tips of acute femoral neck fractures in bilateral above-knee amputation. The patient was managed with immediate guillotine amputation and later secondary wound closure followed by internal fixation of the right-sided femoral neck fracture with multiple cancellous cannulated screws.
Amputees
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Femoral Neck Fractures/surgery*
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Femur
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Fracture Fixation, Internal
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Humans
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Lower Extremity
3.Increase in optic nerve sheath diameter predicts early cerebral involvement in fat embolism syndrome.
Arnab BANERJEE ; Richa AGGARWAL ; Kapil Dev SONI ; Anjan TIRKHA
Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2021;24(3):180-182
Early diagnosis of cerebral fat embolism in a patient with contradiction to MRI is challenging. Here we report an interesting case, where the raised optic nerve sheath diameter helped us to predict the early cerebral involvement with fat emboli in a left femoral shaft fracture patient. MRI scan could not be performed due to the presence of a metallic implant in the patient from a previous surgery. He was later diagnosed as an atypical presentation of fat embolism syndrome. Optic nerve sheath monitoring also helped us to guide further management of the patient.
4.MBP-FGF2-Immobilized Matrix Maintains Self-Renewal and Myogenic Differentiation Potential of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells
Jay Prakash SAH ; Nguyen Thi Thu HAO ; Yunhye KIM ; Tamar EIGLER ; Eldad TZAHOR ; Sang Heon KIM ; Yongsung HWANG ; Jeong Kyo YOON
International Journal of Stem Cells 2019;12(2):360-366
The robust capacity of skeletal muscle stem cells (SkMSCs, or satellite cells) to regenerate into new muscles in vivo has offered promising therapeutic options for the treatment of degenerative muscle diseases. However, the practical use of SkMSCs to treat muscle diseases is limited, owing to their inability to expand in vitro under defined cultivation conditions without loss of engraftment efficiency. To develop an optimal cultivation condition for SkMSCs, we investigated the behavior of SkMSCs on synthetic maltose-binding protein (MBP)-fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-immobilized matrix in vitro. We found that the chemically well-defined, xeno-free MBP-FGF2-immobilized matrix effectively supports SkMSC growth without reducing their differentiation potential in vitro. Our data highlights the possible application of the MBP-FGF2 matrix for SkMSC expansion in vitro.
In Vitro Techniques
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Maltose-Binding Proteins
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Muscle, Skeletal
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Muscles
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Stem Cells
5. Trace elements content in the selected medicinal plants traditionally used for curing skin diseases by the natives of Mizoram, India
Jay Prakash RAJAN ; Kshetrimayum Birla SINGH ; Sanjiv KUMAR ; Raj Kumar MISHRA
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014;7(S1):S410-S414
Objective: To determine the trace elements content in the selected medicinal plants, namely, Eryngium foetidum L., Mimosa pudica L., Polygonum plebeium, and Prunus cerasoides D. Don traditionally used by the natives of the Mizoram, one of the north eastern states in India as their folklore medicines for curing skin diseases like eczema, leg and fingers infection, swelling and wound. Methods: A 3 MeV proton beam of proton induced X-ray emission technique, one of the most powerful techniques for its quick multi elemental trace analysis capability and high sensitivity was used to detect and characterized for trace elements. Results: The studies revealed that six trace elements, namely, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, V, and Co detected in mg/L unit were present in varying concentrations in the selected medicinal plants with high and notable concentration of Fe, Zn, Mn and appreciable amount of the Cu, Co and V in all the plants. Conclusions: The results of the present study support the therapeutic usage of these medicinal plants in the traditional practices for curing skin diseases since they are found to contain appreciable amount of the Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, V and Co.
6.Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Mobile Phones and Fructose consumption Coalesce to Perturb Metabolic Regulators AMPK/SIRT1-UCP2/FOXO1 in Growing Rats.
Ruchi TRIPATHI ; Sanjay Kumar BANERJEE ; Jay Prakash NIRALA ; Rajani MATHUR
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023;36(11):1045-1058
OBJECTIVE:
In this study, the combined effect of two stressors, namely, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from mobile phones and fructose consumption, on hypothalamic and hepatic master metabolic regulators of the AMPK/SIRT1-UCP2/FOXO1 pathway were elucidated to delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance.
METHODS:
Weaned Wistar rats (28 days old) were divided into 4 groups: Normal, Exposure Only (ExpO), Fructose Only (FruO), and Exposure and Fructose (EF). Each group was provided standard laboratory chow ad libitum for 8 weeks . Additionally, the control groups, namely, the Normal and FruO groups, had unrestricted access to drinking water and fructose solution (15%), respectively. Furthermore, the respective treatment groups, namely, the ExpO and EF groups, received EMF exposure (1,760 MHz, 2 h/day x 8 weeks). In early adulthood, mitochondrial function, insulin receptor signaling, and oxidative stress signals in hypothalamic and hepatic tissues were assessed using western blotting and biochemical analysis.
RESULT:
In the hypothalamic tissue of EF, SIRT1, FOXO 1, p-PI3K, p-AKT, Complex III, UCP2, MnSOD, and catalase expressions and OXPHOS and GSH activities were significantly decreased ( P < 0.05) compared to the Normal, ExpO, and FruO groups. In hepatic tissue of EF, the p-AMPKα, SIRT1, FOXO1, IRS1, p-PI3K, Complex I, II, III, IV, V, UCP2, and MnSOD expressions and the activity of OXPHOS, SOD, catalase, and GSH were significantly reduced compared to the Normal group ( P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest that the combination of EMF exposure and fructose consumption during childhood and adolescence in Wistar rats disrupts the closely interlinked and multi-regulated crosstalk of insulin receptor signals, mitochondrial OXPHOS, and the antioxidant defense system in the hypothalamus and liver.
Humans
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Rats
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Animals
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Adult
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Rats, Wistar
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Fructose/metabolism*
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Catalase
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Receptor, Insulin/metabolism*
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AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism*
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Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects*
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Sirtuin 1/metabolism*
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Cell Phone
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism*
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Forkhead Box Protein O1/metabolism*
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Uncoupling Protein 2