To investigate the effect of tumor removal and administration of OK432 on the splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity in the subcutaneous tumor bearing rats, NK cell activity assay using a 4-hour 51Cr release assay and flow cytometric analysis for NK cell population were performed. The results were as follows: 1. Splenic NK cell activity and population in the subcutaneous tumor bearing rats decreased along with the growth of the tumor. 2. The rats with subcutaneous tumor removal showed decrease of splenic NK cell activity, but splenic NK cell population was not decreased. 3. In the rats with subcutaneous tumor removal and OK432 administration, splenic NK cell activity was significantly increased 1 week after administration of OK432 and then gradually returned to normal, whereas increase of NK cell population was not significant. In the present study, splenic NK cell activity was significantly decreased despite removal of subcutaneous tumor. But with the administration of OK432, splenic NK cell activity returned to normal. Considering the role of NK cells on the first line of defense against the metastatic implantation of circulating tumor emboli, we suggest that perioperative administration of immunopotentiator such as OK432 may improve the patient's outcome after surgery of human neoplasm.
Animals ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural* ; Picibanil* ; Rats* ; Spleen

Endoscopic hysterectomy is increasingly selected as a current trend to minimize invasion, tissue trauma and early recovery. However it has disadvantages of the difficulty to learn and needs expensive equipments. So we developed a new minimally invasive method of vaginal hysterectomy-minilaparotomically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (MAVH) in order to complement the current laparoscopic surgery. The principle of MAVH is based on suprapubic minilaparotomical incision and uterine elevator that allows access and maximal exposure of the pelvic anatomy and an easy approach to the surrounding anatomy enabling division of round ligaments, Fallopian tubes, tuboovarian ligaments, and dissection of bladder peritoneum. After then, the vaginal phase of MAVH is done by the traditional vaginal hysterectomy. We enrolled 75 consecutive cases and in 73 cases thereof MAVH was accomplished successfully. The technique of MAVH is simple and easy to learn and it involves a small incision causing less pain and complications. This practice does not require expensive equipments. MAVH is considered as a safe and effective alternative method for abdominal hysterectomy in most cases.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Human ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal/*methods ; *Laparotomy ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cervical midline-splitting French-door laminoplasty with a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) plate. The authors retrospectively analyzed the results of patients with cervical laminoplasty miniplate (MAXPACER(R)) without bone grafts in multilevel cervical stenosis. METHODS: Fifteen patients (13 males and 2 females, mean age 50.0 years (range 35-72)) with multilevel cervical stenosis (ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and cervical spondylotic myelopathy) underwent a combined surgery of midline-splitting French-door laminoplasty with or without mini plate. All 15 patients were followed for at least 12 months (mean follow-up 13.3 months) after surgery, and a retrospective review of the clinical, radiological and surgical data was conducted. RESULTS: The radiographic results showed a significant increase over the postoperative period in anterior-posterior diameter (9.4+/-2.2 cm to 16.2+/-1.1 cm), open angles in cervical lamina (46.5+/-16.0degrees to 77.2+/-13.1degrees), and sectional volume of cervical central canal (100.5+/-0.7 cm2 to 146.5+/-4.9 cm2) (p<0.001). The sagittal alignment of the cervical spine was well preserved (31.7+/-10.0degrees to 31.2+/-7.6degrees, p=0.877) during the follow-up period. The clinical results were successful, and there were no significant intraoperative complications except for screw displacement in two cases. The mini plate constructs did not fail during the 12 month follow-up period, and the decompression was maintained. CONCLUSION: Despite the small cohort and short follow-up duration, the present study demonstrated that combined cervical expansive laminoplasty using the mini plate is an effective treatment for multilevel cervical stenosis.
Cohort Studies ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Decompression ; Ether* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; Spondylosis* ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: To predict the perinatal outcomes of emergency cervical cerclage operation we analyzed some infectious parameters before and after the operation in patients has incompetent internal os of cervix, and compared their results between one success group and one failed group. METHODS: The 13 patients with emergency cervical cerclage and the 31 patients with elective cervical cerclage included in our study. After emergency cerclage, we investigated some infectious parameters as ESR, CRP, and WBC count, every other day. And we compared these values between success and failed group. We also evaluated the difference of these results between emergency cerclage and elective cerclage operation. RESULTS: 1. There were higher values of ESR and CRP after cerclage operation in failed group than those in success group significantly (p<0.05). 2. There also had shown higher values of WBC count at 3 days after operation in failed group than those in success group significantly (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The infection is one of the most important factors in successful perinatal outcome after emergency cerclage operation and continuous follow up in ESR, CRP and WBC counts after operation can be used to predict the perinatal outcomes in relation to incompetent internal os of cervix.
Cerclage, Cervical* ; Cervix Uteri ; Emergencies* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: A general orientation along the cervical spine could be estimated by external landmarks, and it was useful, quick and less exposable to radiation, but, sometimes it gave reference confusion of target cervical level. The authors reviewed the corresponding between the neck external landmarks and cervical levels. METHODS: Totally 1,031 cervical lateral radiographs of different patients were reviewed in single university hospital. Its compositions were 534 of males and 497 females; 86 of second decades (10-19 years-old), 169 of third decades, 159 of fourth decades, 209 of fifth decades, 275 of sixth decades, and 133 of more than seventh decades (>60 years-old). Reference external landmarks (mandible, hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, and cricothyroid membrane) with compounding factors were reviewed. RESULTS: The reference levels of cervical landmarks were C2.13 with mandible angle, C3.54 with hyoid bone, C5.12 with thyroid cartilage, and C6.01 with cricothyroid membrane. The reference levels of cervical landmarks were differently observed by sex, age, and somatometric measurement (height) accordingly mandible angle from C1 to C3, hyoid bone from disc level of C2 and C3 to C5, thyroid cartilage from disc level of C3 and C4 to C7, and cricothyroid membrane from C4 to disc level of C7 and T1. CONCLUSION: Surface landmarks only provide general reference points, but not correspond to exact levels of the cervical spine. Intraoperative fluoroscopy ensures a more precise placement to the targeted cervical level.
Female ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Hyoid Bone ; Male ; Mandible ; Membranes ; Neck ; Spine* ; Thyroid Cartilage

The Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor is a rare sex cord stromal tumor of the ovary. It is the most common type of all virillizing ovarian tumors, accounting for less than 0.5% of all primary ovarian neoplasm. Recently, we experienced two cases of intermediately differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with amenorrhea and so we present it with brief review of literature.
Amenorrhea ; Female ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary* ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor* ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors

The Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor is a rare sex cord stromal tumor of the ovary. It is the most common type of all virillizing ovarian tumors, accounting for less than 0.5% of all primary ovarian neoplasm. Recently, we experienced two cases of intermediately differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with amenorrhea and so we present it with brief review of literature.
Amenorrhea ; Female ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary* ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor* ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors

No abstract available.
Coronary Vessels*

Endometriosis is relatively common gynecologic diseases, but pulmonary endometriosis is exceedingly rare among various types of external endometriosis. Patients with pleural pulmonary endometriosis present with chest pain, dyspnea, pneumothorax or pleural effusion in relation to menstruation. Patients with parenchymal pulmonary endometriosis present with hemoptysis at the time of menstruation, with or without lung lesions on their chest X-ray. The diagnosis of pulmonary endometriosis is usually made on the basis of the clinical history and the exclusion of other causes of recurrent hemoptysis including tuberculosis, bronchial carcinoid, pulmonary infarction, chronic bronchitis, congenital abnormalities and carcinoma. It can be treated by progesterone, GnRH agonist, Danazol, surgical treatment etc. Hereby we experienced 23 year-old multiparous woman with catamenial hemoptysis. The site of disease/was localized with bronchoscopy and chest CT scanning, and we treated her with Danazol. The literature associated with pulmonary endometriosis is briefly reviewed.
Bronchitis, Chronic ; Bronchoscopy ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Chest Pain ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Danazol ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Hemoptysis* ; Humans ; Lung ; Menstruation ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumothorax ; Progesterone ; Pulmonary Infarction ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcome and characteristics of laparoscopy assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) in gynecologic patients. METHODS: From September, 2001 to February, 2004, total 570 cases of patients were performed LAVH at Gacheon medical school Ghil Hospital. We reviewed medical records and analyzed these cases about age, parity, weight, previous surgery history, operation indication, operation outcome, duration of hospitalization and complication. RESULTS: The results of this study summarized as follows. The mean age of patients was 46.4 +/- 7.2 years old. Average parity of patients was 2.4 +/- 1.4. Average weight of patients was 63.4 +/- 8.2 kg. Previous operation history was 195 cases (34.2%). Most common operation indication was uterine leiomyoma, followed by adenomyosis, combination of leiomyoma and adenomyosis and endometriosis. The mean operation time was 72 +/- 20.6 minutes. The mean duration of hospitalization was 4.5 +/- 0.6 days. The major complication of operation was trocar site bleeding, followed by bladder injury, bowel injury, and ureteral injury. CONCLUSION: LAVH is safe and useful. So it is recommendable to gynecologic patients.
Adenomyosis ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal* ; Laparoscopy* ; Leiomyoma ; Medical Records ; Parity ; Schools, Medical ; Surgical Instruments ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder