This study measured the relative displacements of the five-unit fixed partial dentures as cast with the same fixed partial dentures sectioned and assembled by investment-soldering, soldering stand-soldering, and cast-joining techniques. A total of fifteen specimens using a type IV gold alloy wee one-piece cast as control and then sectioned and assembled five test specimens for each method were prepared. A computerized three dimensional coordinate measuring machine and specially designed cylinder for this study were used. Displacement was defined by six displacement variables for the each of cylinders incorporated in each casting: three component displacements ( Lx, Ly, and Lz) and rotational displacements( thetax, thetay, thetaz). The global displacement was computed using the mathematical formula R= Global displacement ={{{{rm SQRT { (x'-x)^2 +(y'-y)^2 + (z'-z)^2} }} }} Under the conditions of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The investment-soldering group showed the largest mean value of final global displacements, followed by stand-soldering group, cast-joining group and one-piece cast group. However, between the mean values of final global displacement for the cast-joining group and one-piece cast group, there was no significant difference. 2. For investment-soldering and stand-soldering groups, the greater global displacements were recorded in soldering phase than in indexing or investing phase. 3. For one-piece cast group, the displacements occured mostly in the casting phase. And for castjoining group, there was no significant difference in global displacements among the fabrication procedures. 4. Intercentroidal distance decreased in framework-pattering, solder-indexing, solder-standing, and soldering phases, but increased in investment block-investing and casting phases. 5. Specially designed cylinder for touch-trigger type coordinate measuring machine was validated.
Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Alloys ; Denture, Partial, Fixed ; Investments ; Methods

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the color differences that can exist between differnet brands of dentin porcelain having identical shade designations. The instrumental colorimetric technique was used to determine these differences. The three brands of dentin porcelain used were Vita VMK-68, Shofu Vintage, and Ceramco II. The three shades selected were the Vita Lumin shades A2, B2, and C2. The color difference values were compared with each other using L*, a*, b*, three variables of the CIELAB color system, and E. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Corresponding shades of different brands of dentin porcelain produced different L*, a*, b* values. 2. The greatest E value in corresponding shade was found to exist between Ceramco II and Shofu Vintage, followed by between Vita VMK-68 and Ceramco II, and then between Vita VMK-68 and Shofu Vintage. 3. The E values in shade C2 were mainly influenced by L* value ; however none of L*, a*, b* values had greater influence on E values than the others in shade A2, B2. 4. Shofu Vintage had the highest b* value, followed by Vita VMK-68, and then Ceramco II.
Dental Porcelain* ; Dentin*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the displacements of cast framework by torch soldering and electric soldering techniques. Specimen had two cylinders and connecting bar that had sectioned with 0.3mm gap at mid point. 10 of total specimens were divided into two groups. In torch soldered group, soldering investment block was made and conventional torch soldering procedure was carried out. In electric soldered group, electric soldering was carried out on the master cast without soldering investment block by using electric soldering machine(Dentapunkt DP 7, Kulzer, Germany). After soldering procedure, three dimensional coordinates of two centroids of each cylinder were measured by three dimensional coordinate measuring machine. The intercentroidal displacement and global displacement were calculated and then, these values were compared and evaluated. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Intercentroidal distances of specimens decreased after both soldering procedures, and the decrease in intercentroidal distance was greater for torch soldered group than for electric soldered group 2. Global displacements of torch soldered group were greater than those of electric soldered group
Investments

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of wattage and curing time on surface hardness, three-point bending strength and internal porosity of microwave curing denture base resin. Two sizes of resin spicimens were made of Acron MC ; 3.5x10x60mm for surface hardness and three-point bending strength measurement and 5x12x60mm for internal porosity measurement. They were cured by microwave energy at varing wattages(500W, 700W) and curing times(2min., 3min., 4min.) to determine if a certain wattage/curing time combination would improve physical properties. Surface hardness was measured with Vikers hardness tester, three-point bend-ing strength with universal testing machine and internal porosity was calculated by measuring the weight in air and in water. The results obtained were as follows : 1. There was no significant difference in percent porosity among experimental groups(p>0.05). 2. 500W/3min, group showed the higher surface hardness than 700W/2, 3, 4min. groups(p<0.05), and 700W/4 min. group showed the lower surface hardness than 500W/2, 3, 4min. groups(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference among others(p>0.05). 3. 500W/3min. group yielded the higher value of bending strength than 500W/2min., 700W/3, 4min. groups(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference among others(p>0.05).
Denture Bases* ; Dentures* ; Hardness ; Hardness Tests ; Microwaves* ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Porosity ; Water

The purpose of this study was to investigate setting and thermal expansion of dental soldering investments. In order to compare expansion rates and to investigate the effect of water/powder ratio on expansion, setting and thermal expansion of four dental soldering investments were measured under three different water/powder ratio conditions: standard, 20% decreased and 20% increased. Setting expansion of investments was measured by use of dialgauge method. Each measurement was started two minutes later from the beginning of spatulation and recorded every one minute for one hour. Thermal expansion of cylindrical test specimens, 10mm diameter, 50mm length, was recorded in a Thermodilatometer at heating rate of 10degrees C per minute from 25degrees C to 700degrees C. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. Setting expansion rates under the standard water/power ratio condition were 0.198% in Speed-E, 0.090% in Deguvest, 0.080% in CM and Hi-temp. Setting expansion of Speed-E was significantly different from those of CM, Deguvest and Hi-temp, and setting expansion of Deguvest was significantly different from those of CM and Hi-temp(p<.05). 2. Under the decreased water/powder ratio condition, there was significant increase in setting expansion of 4 dental soldering investments(p<.05). 3. There were no significant differences in setting expansions of investments except Hi-temp between standard and increased water/powder ratio condition(p<.05). 4. Thermal expansion rates under the standard water/powder ratio condition were 1.923% in Deguvest, 1.629% in Speed-E, 1.619% in Hi-temp and 1.580% in CM. No significant difference in thermal expansions under the standard water/powder ratio condition existed only between Speed-E and Hi-temp(p<.05). 5. Under the decreased water/powder ratio condition, there was significant increase in thermal expansion of CM and Deguvest but decrease in thermal expansion of Speed-E(p<.05). 6. Under the increased water/powder ratio condition, there was significant decrease in thermal expansion of CM, Deguvest and Speed-E but decrease in thermal expansion of Hi-temp(p<.05).
Dental Soldering* ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Investments*

This study evaluated the effect of dagassing on the ceramic bond strength of two Ni-Cr alloys under varying holding time at the upper limit temperature and atmospheric conditions. Metal specimens were divided into 5 groups for each alloy according to degassing conditions prior to porcelain application : no degassing, degassing under vacuum without hold, degassing under vacuum with hold for 5min. and 10 min. respectively at the upper limit temperature and degassing in air. Total number of metal ceramic specimens was eighty and each group had eight specimens : The ceramic bond strength was measured by four-point flexural test using Instron and the fractured surface was examined under SEM. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Degassing in air improved the ceramic bond strength of Ni-Cr alloys. 2. in degassing under vacuum, hold at the upper limit temperature was advantageous to the ceramic bonding of Ni-Cr alloys. 3. After ceramic metal bond test, metal surfaces were partially covered with the thin porcelain layer, and the cohesive failures in porcelain were predominant in groups showing higher ceramic bond strength.
Alloys* ; Ceramics* ; Dental Porcelain ; Vacuum

No abstract available.
Down Syndrome* ; Leukemia*

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Anatomic landmarks have been used in the orientation of occlusal plane and the determination of vertical dimension for edentulous patients. Such as labial vestibules of anterior region and hamular notches, retromolar pads of posterior region are very useful anatomic landmarks for fabrication of occlusion rim because they are to be identified on master casts. Therefore, if average distances between landmarks of maxillae and mandible in dentate subjects are measured and applied, not only occlusal plane but also vertical dimension can be established initially. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to measure vertical distances between anatomic landmarks and to present a guide to the orientation of occlusal plane and the determination of vertical dimension of edentulous patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Upper and lower border-molded casts were made in 93 Korean dentulous subjects, mean age 25 years. Incisal edges of central incisors, bottoms of labial vestibules, hamular notches and the half level of retromolar pads were marked on casts. Measurements of vertical distances from incisal edge of central incisor to the bottom of labial vestibule, between upper and lower bottoms of labial vestibules, from hamular notch to retromolar pad and from hamular notch to the occlusal plane established by the incisal edge of maxillary central incisor and mesiopalatal cusps of both maxillary first molars were made on each cast. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 1. The mean distance from the incisal edge of central incisor to the bottom of labial vestibule was 20.8mm(SD 1.7) on upper casts and 17.3mm(SD 1.4) on lower casts. 2. The mean distance between both bottoms of labial vestibules of upper and lower casts was 35.0mm(SD 2.7). 3. The mean distance from hamular notch to the half level of retromolar pad was 5.0mm(SD 1.3). 4. The mean distance from hamular notch to occlusal plane was 7.9mm(SD 1.5). 5. Distances from incisal edge of central incisor to labial vestibule on lower casts(p<0.01) and from hamular notch to retromolar pad(p<0.0001) were greater in male than in female.
Adult* ; Anatomic Landmarks ; Dental Occlusion* ; Dentition* ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Vertical Dimension*

Soldering is the usual method used to correct an unstable fixed partial denture framework at patient's try-in; However, presoldering base metal alloys is technique-sensitve and results are unstable because it is difficult to maintain uniform heat distribution and to prevent oxidation of an alloy. A cast-joining technique has been developed by Weiss and Munyon for repair, correction and addition to base metal framework. This joining technique eliminates the problem with presoldering of non-precious frameworks. The object of this study was to 1) compare the relative flexure strength and the joining effectiveness of Ni-Cr-Be cast in two pieces and "pre-soldered" versus in two pieces and "cast-joined", 2) determine the effect of increasing the number of retentive grooves on the face of the cast and 3) determine the effect of the relative matched position of groove patterns on flexure strength. The joining effectiveness can be expressed by the ratio of the mean flexure stress of soldered or cast-joined specimens to that of one-piece cast. Resin rods 3mm in diameter were used as pattern of specimens for one-piece casted, presoldered, and cast-joined groups. Cast-joined specimens had two different patterns of retentive grooves on the joined faces. Type A had cross-shaped grooves 1mm in depth, 0.6mm in width. Type B was the same except for the addition of one more retentive groove. In the experiment connecting cast-joined specimens, half of specimens with type A pattern had their patterns on the faces of paired casts matched with each other as mirror image. With the rest pairs, it was proceeded that one of paired casts turned 45 degrees so that the patterns crossed. Half of specimens with type B pattern also had the patterns matched as mirror image; However, here, one of paired casts turned 90 degrees with the other pairs. Retentive groove in this study lacked the intentional undercuts, in contrast with the suggestion of Weiss and Munyon. The specimens were subjected to four-point flexural loading in an Instron testing machine. The midspan flexural stress was calculated at the point of initial plastic strain as determined from a strip-chart recorder or at the point of failure if this occured at a lower stress level. Within the scope of this study, the following results were obtained. 1. The presoldered group showed flexural strength at least 2 times higher than the cast-joined groups. Its joining effectiveness was 82%. 2. In cast-joined groups, the flexural strength of joints with type B patterns exhibited 1.5 times that of joints with type A patterns. Joining effectivenesses were 38% for type B patterns, 25-26% for type A patterns. 3. The relative matched position of groove patterns did not have any significant effect on flexural strength of the cast-joined specimens with either type A patterns or type B patterns(p>.05).
Alloys* ; Denture, Partial, Fixed ; Hot Temperature ; Joints ; Plastics

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of investing conditions on the marginal discrepancy of conical telescope outer crown with Co-Cr-Ti alloy(Dentitan) and to compare the marginal discrepancy and the retention force of outer crowns using different pattern materials (plastic foil, casting wax, pattern resin). To evaluate the effects of investing conditions on the marginal discrepancy, patterns with plastic foil were invested under three different liquid/powder ratio conditions using phosphate bonded investment (Univest-nonprecious): standard, 10% decreased and 10% increased. At each liquid/powder ratio condition, metal ring was lined with single or double layers of ceramic ring liner. The marginal discrepancy of outer crown at different investing conditions was measured by x 100 compact measuring microscope(STM5, Olympus, Japan). For measurement of the marginal discrepancy and the retention force of outer crown using different pattern materials, the investing condition of 10% decreased liquid/powder ratio and double layers of ring liner was selected because this investing condition resulted in the best fit of outer crown. Marginal discrepancy was measured in the same way above and retention force on universal testing machine. Under the conditions of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The thickness of ring liner had more influence on the marginal discrepancy of outer crown than the liquid/powder ratio, and the acceptable marginal fitness could not be expected at the investing condition directed by investment manufacturer. 2. There were no differences in the marginal discrepancy of outer crown among three different pattern materials 00.05). 3. Casting wax showed the greatest retention force(1640g) of outer crown, followed by pattern resin(1110g), plastic foil(820g). However, there was no significant difference between plastic foil and pattern resin(p>0.05). 4. Plastic foil showed the least variation in marginal discrepancy and retention force.
Alloys* ; Ceramics ; Crowns* ; Investments ; Plastics ; Telescopes*