After coronary stent implantation, neointima formation resembles the wound healing process as it involves the sequential processes of inflammation, granulation, and remodeling. Because antiproliferative drugs and polymers of drug-eluting stents (DESs) delay vascular healing compared with bare metal stents, fibrin deposition can remain long after stent implantation, or inflammation can be excessive. Delayed vascular healing can be associated with adverse clinical outcomes including DES thrombosis or restenosis, and poor endothelization of DES neointima can accelerate neoatherosclerotic change inside the neointima, further contributing to luminal restenosis or neointimal instability. Despite the lack of correlation between pathologic and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, OCT assessments of neointima under various circumstances can reveal vascular responses to stent therapy. Homogeneous, heterogeneous, and layered neointima patterns can be recognized by OCT and can change with time. Homogeneous neointima might be associated with better clinical outcomes after DES implantation, whereas non-homogeneous neointima or neoatherosclerotic change can be associated with poorer clinical outcomes. However, limited data are currently available, and further studies are required to comprehensively address these questions.
Coronary Artery Disease ; Drug-Eluting Stents* ; Fibrin ; Inflammation ; Neointima* ; Phenobarbital ; Polymers ; Stents ; Thrombosis ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Wound Healing

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics or the potassium channels existing in the rat urinary bladders. Smooth muscle strips of rat detrusor urinae were examined by isometric myography. Relaxation responses of detrusor muscle strips to the three potassium channel openers pinacidil, a cyanoguanidine derivative, BRL 38227, a benzopyran derivative and RP 52891, a tertrahydrothiopyran derivative were examined. The potassium channel openers reduced the basal tone, and the rank order of potency was RP 52891>pincidil>BRL 38227. Procaine, an inhibitor of the voltage-sensitive potassium channel tended to increase the basal tone, but it did not affect the relaxant effects of the calcium-activated potassium channel opener did not antagonize the relaxant effects, but it reduced the Emax of RP 52891 and BRL 38227. Glibenclamide, an inhibitor of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel, antagonized the relaxant effects of pinacidil, RP 52891 and BRL 38227 reducing the Emax of RP 52891 and BRl 38227. Galanin which inhibits secretion of insulin through opening the ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic β-cells rather increased the basal tone of the isolated detrusor strips. These results suggest that the urinary bladder of the rat has mainly the ATP-sensitive, glibenclamide sensitive potassium channel, which is a different type from that in the pancreatic β-islet cells.
Animals ; Cromakalim ; Galanin ; Glyburide ; Insulin ; KATP Channels ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myography ; Pinacidil ; Potassium Channels* ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; Potassium* ; Procaine ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Condylomata Acuminata* ; Dermoscopy* ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Lymphangioma* ; Vulva*

Opsoclonus is the involuntary, repetitive, rapid conjugate ocular movements occurring in all directions that are irregular in amplitude and frequency. The cause of opsoclonus are idiopathic, paraneoplastic or postinfectious. Opsoclonus of the postinfectious origin often accompanies other abnormal movements such as tremor, myoclonus and ataxia, and shows a relatively benign course with good response to steroid. Six patients who suffered from myalgia, chilling, fever, cough and generalized weakness fior one to two weeks prior to the admission, experienced visual disturbance, gait unsteadiness and clumsiness of the upper extremities,, Prominent opsoclonus, tremulous movements of trunk and limbs, and intermittent myoclonus were observed. These symptoms markedly improved several days following the use of ACTH or dexametasone.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Adult* ; Ataxia ; Cough ; Dyskinesias ; Extremities ; Fever ; Gait ; Humans ; Myalgia ; Myoclonus ; Ocular Motility Disorders* ; Tremor ; Upper Extremity

Opsoclonus is the involuntary, repetitive, rapid conjugate ocular movements occurring in all directions that are irregular in amplitude and frequency. The cause of opsoclonus are idiopathic, paraneoplastic or postinfectious. Opsoclonus of the postinfectious origin often accompanies other abnormal movements such as tremor, myoclonus and ataxia, and shows a relatively benign course with good response to steroid. Six patients who suffered from myalgia, chilling, fever, cough and generalized weakness fior one to two weeks prior to the admission, experienced visual disturbance, gait unsteadiness and clumsiness of the upper extremities,, Prominent opsoclonus, tremulous movements of trunk and limbs, and intermittent myoclonus were observed. These symptoms markedly improved several days following the use of ACTH or dexametasone.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Adult* ; Ataxia ; Cough ; Dyskinesias ; Extremities ; Fever ; Gait ; Humans ; Myalgia ; Myoclonus ; Ocular Motility Disorders* ; Tremor ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
Dermoscopy ; Melanoma*

BACKGROUND: Magnesium is a noncompetitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Magnesium is thought to be involved in opioid tolerance by way of inhibiting calcium entry into cells. METHODS: The patients were randomly assigned to three groups according to the anesthetic regimens: Group M received magnesium sulfate and Group C received saline intravenously under remifentanil-based anesthesia. Group S received saline intravenously under sevoflurane based anesthesia in place of remifentanil. The patients in the group M received 25% magnesium sulfate 50 mg/kg in 100 ml of saline, and those patients in groups C and S received an equal volume of saline before induction of anesthesia; this was followed by 10 mg/kg/h infusion of either magnesium sulfate (group M) or an equal volume of saline (groups C and S) until the end of surgery. Pain was assessed on a visual analog scale at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours after the operation. The time to the first postoperative analgesic requirement and the cumulative analgesic consumption were evaluated in the three groups. RESULTS: The visual analog scales for pain and the cumulative analgesic consumption were significantly greater in group C than in other groups. The time to first postoperative analgesic requirement was significantly shorter in group C than that in the other groups. There were no differences between group M and S for side effects. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively high dose and continuous remifentanil infusion is associated with clinically relevant evidence of acute opioid tolerance. NMDA-receptor antagonist, magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant analgesic prevents opioid tolerance in patients who are undergoing major abdominal surgery under high dose and continuous remifentanil infusion-based anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Calcium ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Magnesium ; Magnesium Sulfate ; Methyl Ethers ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; N-Methylaspartate ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Piperidines ; Weights and Measures

A 36-year-old man visited Yeungnam University Hospital with a sudden onset of palpitation, headache, and was found to be hypertensive. Chest radiography showed a 6 cm sized mass lesion on the posterior mediastinum. A biochemical study showed elevated levels of catecholamines. An I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine scan revealed a hot uptake lesion on the posterior mediastinum. The patient was prepared for surgery with alpha and beta blocking agents. Two months later, we removed the tumor successfully. A histological study proved that the resected tumor was mediastinal pheochromocytoma. Functional mediastinal pheochromocytomas are rare. Therefore, we reported the case with a literature review.
Catecholamines ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mediastinum ; Pheochromocytoma ; Thorax

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the influence of maternal age on embryo quality and the frequency of multiple pregnancy in IVF-ET program. METHOD: 86 conventional IVF-ET cycles were divided into three groups according to the age by 5 year (group A: 26-30, group B: 3135, group C: 36-40 yrs). The in vitro fertilization and development outcome (fertilization, cleavage and high quality embryo rate) and the pregnancy outcome (pregnancy, implantation, G-sac/high quality embryo and multiple pregnancy rate) were examined. And then, these results were compared among the groups. RESULTS: The rates of fertilization (62.7, 68.5 and 65.4%, respectively) and cleavage (95.6, 97.6 and 98.0%, respectively) were not different among the groups. And the high quality embryo (HQE) rate also was not different among the groups (61.8, 62.9 and 62.8%, respectively). The pregnancy rate of group C (23.3%) was significantly lower than that of group A (41.2%) and B (48.7%). And the implantation rate was significantly decreased to group B (32.2%) and C (14.3%) when compared to group A (71.4%) and B (36.8%). CONCLUSION: The pregnancy rate was significantly decreased over 35 years. The G-sac/HQE and multiple pregnancy rate were significantly high below 31 years. Thus, these results suggest that the number of high quality embryo transferred should be limited by the age and another criteria for embryo quality evaluation were required for single embryo transfer.
Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Maternal Age* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy, Multiple* ; Single Embryo Transfer

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus, using the Rashkind double umbrella occluder system, had been attempted in mulitcenter since non-surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus by Rashkind. METHODS: Between July 1991 and June 1993, transcatheter closure of patent ductus arterious was attempted in 20 adult patients(21 trials). RESULTS: Seventeen female and 3 male patients was consisted of the study. The patient age ranged from 17 to 54 years(mean 30+/-9 years). Mean pulmonary artery pressure before closure was 18.5+/-6.0mmHg(range from 10mmHg to 30mmHg). The diameter of ductus ranged from 3.5mm to 8.0mm(mean 5.2+/-1.5mm), as determined by contrast injection through 11F Mullin sheath or 7F catheter. There was significant decrease of Qp/Qs from 2.6+/-1.1 to 1.5+/-0.4 immediately after transcatheter closure of ductus(p<0.01). There was significant decrease of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension by echocardiogram from 58.7+/-7.6mm to 53.6+/-6.5mm after transcatheter closure of ductus(p<0.01). Among the 21 cases, 16 cases(76.2%) had the clinical improvement without the support of surgical closure. One 17mm Rashkind umbrella was retrieved because of position and problem of deployment. There was no device embolic experience in 21 cases. There were 2 cases of hemolytic anemia during the follow-up period ; one case was surgically ligated and another 17mm device was implanted in the other case. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in adult patients can replace the surgical correction in selected patients.
Adult* ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Catheters ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery