No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

The prominent mandibular angle is one of the disfiguring features in the Oriental, commonly seen and considered to be unattractive. Because it gives a square and muscular facial appearance, its surgical correction is dine frequently as a modality of facial contouring surgery in the Oriental. The reduction mandibular angleplasty is not a simple surgical technique for the unexperienced surgeon. We adopted C-arm fluoroscopy as a method of identifying the osteotomy line for the beginners. The reduction mandibular angleplasties assisted by C-arm fluoroscopy were performed in 9 patients, providing symmetric and satisfactory results. Now we are sure that the reduction mandibular angleplasty assisted by C-arm fluoroscopy can be an accurate and safe method for the unexperienced surgeon, especially the patient with deep-seated prominent mandibular angle.
Fluoroscopy* ; Humans ; Osteotomy

Tanzer reported microtia reconstruction using autogenous costal cartilage, thereafter so many plastic surgeons have tried various modification to get further refinement of reconstructed auricle. But the multiple stages of ear reconstruction required prolonged hospitalization and cost. In order to decrease the number of surgical stages and for the maximal convolution, we have employed a surgical procedure with three layered costal cartilage graft for the high profile auricle, concha formation and lobule transposition at the same time. However, it has still been difficult to reconstruct the tragus in cases of microtia that lack such component. We reconstructed the tragus using part of the microtic ear in addition to our above procedure simultaneously. This procedure is started with transposition of the lower two-thirds of the microtic ear to make lobule and then the upper third of the microtic ear is elevated as a chondrocutanenous flap which is then transposed 120-180degree C downwards to reposition at the area anterior to the conchal cavity. Using this technique, we have reconstructed 28 microtic ears. Adequate positioning of the auricle and tragus have been achieved and a more natural auricle obtained.
Cartilage ; Ear ; Hospitalization ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: In orthostatic headache (OH) associated with low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, loss of CSF vol-ume reflected by pachymeningeal enhancement (PCE) on brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) has been suggested as a pathogenenesis according to Monro-Kellie rule. We attempted to test the following hypotheses; 1) OH is caused by loss of CSF volume, 2) CSF volume loss in OH is caused by hyperabsorption of CSF or 3) by decreased production of CSF. METHODS: Nineteen patients with OH were recruited. Lumbar puncture, brain MRI and radioisotope cisternogra-phy (RIC) were performed in all of them. We evaluated duration of headache from onset to first evaluation, presence of PCE on MRI and CSF leakage (CSFL) on RIC. Firstly, we compared duration of headache between patients with and without PCE. Secondly, between those with and without PCE, we analyzed presence of CSF fistula and demonstration of CSFL on RIC. RESULTS: Mean duration (16.1 +/-19.6) of headache in 13 patients with PCE (66.7%) was significantly longer than in those without PCE (P=0.036). Among 19 patients, CSF fistula was detected in 13 patients (72%) and CSFL in 16 patients (88.9%). There was no significant difference in CSF fistula presence (P=0.114) and in demonstra-tion of CSFL between those with and without PCE. In 16 patients, delayed appearance of radioisotope along cerebral interhemispheric and sylvian regions was shown on RIC. CONCLUSIONS: Pain in OH may be caused by CSF volume loss, however, whether CSF volume loss is caused by CSF hyperabsorption or decreased production remains to be clarified.
Brain* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Fistula ; Headache* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Spinal Puncture

BACKGROUND: Since 1985 when ILAE proposed its first classification system of epilepsy, many studies have reported the practical applicability of the system. However, its limitations have been elucidated. In order to find out the applicability and limitations of the ILAE classification system and the role that diagnostic parameters (semiology, EEG and MRI) take in the anatomical localization of localization-related epilepsies (LREs), we investigated the clinical data of adult patients with LRE in step-wise way. METHOD: We recruited 173 patients with newly-referred/diagnosed LRE from our departmental data registry. Idiopathic epilepsies were excluded. We evaluated the anatomical localization rate(LR) according to each diagnostic parameter, the concordant localization rate(CLR) between two parameters and between three parameters. LR in total patients by any one of three diagnostic parameters was also evaluated. MRI abnormalities were evaluated in those patients showing concordant localization between semiology and EEG. RESULTS: The highest anatomical LR(67.1%) was reported in the semiological parameter. CLR between semiology and EEG was 28.9%. CLR between three parameters was 16.2%. MRI abnormalities were seen in 60% of patients with concordant localization between semiology and EEG. Fifty six percent of electroclinically concordant patients showed concordant localization with an MRI and 79% of them were concordantly localized in the temporal lobe. The LR in total patients was 71.7%. In each of the evaluation steps, the temporal lobe LR was the highest. CONCLUSIONS: Total lobar LR by any one diagnostic parameter in all the patients was high according to the ILAE diagnostic criteria. Semiology was the best localizing parameter, however, combined evaluation with either EEG or MRI reduced the localizability. Even though the MRI study showed a significant discordance rate in patients with electroclinical localizations, it could identify the underlying etiology in a major proportion of the patients. This study showed the importance of an imaging study in the lobar localization of LREs combined with an electroclinical localization by the ILAE classification system.
Adult* ; Classification* ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsies, Partial* ; Epilepsy* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Temporal Lobe

BACKGROUND: Although the incidence of stroke does not decrease after 80 years of age. The significance of ischemic stroke (IS) after octogenarian age has not attracted the attention of neurologists. As a first step to investigate the significance of IS during that period, we compared the clinical characteristics of IS between OIS (octogenarian ischemic stroke group, ??80 years of age) and NOIS (non-octogenarian ischemic stroke group, 65-79 years of age). METHOD: Forty-nine OIS patients and 141 NOIS patients were recruited. Clinical characteristics including risk factors, IS subtype, Canadian Neurological Scale (CNS) score, treatment modality and short-term prognosis were evaluated and described. RESULTS: ypertension (65.3%) was the most common risk factor followed by smoking (28.6%) and previous stroke history (28.6%) in OIS. There was no significant difference in proportion of each IS risk factors between he two groups. OIS was more associated with subtypes of mixed etiology and cardiogenic embolism than NOIS (P<.05). Subclassification by the vascular territory of IS was similar between the two groups and the middle cerebral arterial territory was the most common site (71.1%) in OIS. CNS scores on the initial neurological examination was similarly associated with both OIS (8.0 3.3) and NOIS (7.5 2.8)(P>.05). IS was more associated with poor outcome at discharge (52.2%) than NOIS (18.2%)(P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic stroke after octogenarian age is characterized by different etiopathogenesis and poor short-term outcome compared to IS under that age. OIS is more frequently caused by cardiogenic embolism or combined underlying etiology, however, the relationship between differences in etiopatho-genesis and poor short-term outcome remains to be clarified.
Aged, 80 and over* ; Embolism ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neurologic Examination ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stroke*

Congenital scoliosis is defined as a lateral curvature of the spine caused by congenital anomalies of the vertebral development. In this study seventeen congenital scoliosis patients seen and treated by either Milwaukee brace or surgical intervention at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital from December 1972 to April 1978 were evaluated according to frequency of the curve pattern, character of the deformity, method of treatment and its correctability. The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Age distribution was from 2 to 39 years and mean age was 13.4 years. 2. The most common deformity pattern was hemivertebra in 8 cases (47.1%), unilateral unsegmented bar in 4 (23.6%) and mixed type in 3 (17.6%). 3. The most common curve level was thoracic in 6 cases (35.3%), followed by thoracolumbar in 4 (23.5%) and lumbar in 4 (23.5%). 4. The best corrected type by Milwaukee brace was trapezoid vertebra (29.4%) and then mixed type(26.1%), followed by block type (20%) and hemivertebra(2.3%). 5. The operative treatment was performed in the cases of unilateral bar and progressive type with Milwaukee brace. In terms of the correctability of the curvature, the surgical intervention was better than the conservative treatment, with the result of its average correction of 33.5% that is compared with 15.9% of Milwaukee brace. 6. Halofemoral traction was effectively applied in the cases of rigid and severe curve; the initial curve 76.3 degress with 21.3% of flexibility. 7. Loss of correction in operative treatment was 2.3 degrees (6.5%).
Age Distribution ; Braces ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Pliability ; Scoliosis ; Seoul ; Spine ; Traction

The most common fracture about the elbow joint in chilren is a supracondylar fracture. The displaced fracture is difficult to manage due to the potential danger of Volkmann's ischemia, nerve injury, and malunion, During the period of 6 years from June, 1979 to June, 1985, 63 children with supracondylar fractures of the humerus were treated at Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje Medical College, and analyzed. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The average age was 7.1 years, ranged from 1 year to 14 years, and the male and female ratio was 2.5: l. 2. In type of fracture, extension type was 92% and flexion type was 8%. In displacement of fracture, Grade I was only 2 cases, Grade III and IV were 87.3%. Posteromedial displacement was 42.8% (27 cases). 3. At the time of admission, 15cases(23.8%) accompanied nerve injury, of these median nerve injury (9 cases) was most common. All the patient with nerve injury were completely recovered within 14 months after reduction. 4. Severe cubitus varus was 14.2%, and severe limitation of elbow motion was 1.6%. 5. Of 61 displaced fractures, 37 patients were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation. By Flynn's criteria, satisfactory results were obtained in 36 of the 37 patients(97.3%) treated with percutaneous pinning. 6. In the displaced fractures, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning is a satisfactory method for obtaining and maintaining reduction while preserving vascular function, if acute flexion is necessary for stable reduction.
Busan ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Female ; Fractures, Closed ; Humans ; Humerus ; Ischemia ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Methods

BACKGROUND: The goal of successful resuscitation is not only to stop the process of ischemia as soon as possible but also to overcome the secondary injury process after resuscitation, which involves a complex interplay of mechanisms. Brain damage accompanying cardiac arrest and resuscitation is frequent and devastating. Cells die by one of two mechanisms: necrosis or delayed neuronal death. Delayed neuronal death may require protein synthesis. Neurons in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus are selectively vulnerable to death after injury by ischemia and reperfusion. Death of these neurons occurs after an interval of 1 or 2 days. We assessed the effects of a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide(CHX), on hippocampal neuronal death of rats by using the ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest(VFCA) model. METHODS: The effect of CHX(3mg/kg, s.c.) on hippocampal neuronal death was studied in two groups of 18 rats each, one group being subjected to a 2-min VFCA and the other to a 3-min VFCA. Each group was divided into three subgroups: control(group I,II) without subcutaneous injection of CHX, 'exp-12' of group I/II treated with CHX 12 hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and 'exp-24' of group I/II treated with CHX 24 hours after ROSC. The coronal sections of the hippocampus levels were stained with hematoxylin-eosin after 72 hours of survival. The histologic damage score(HDS) was used to assign a score to the total number of damaged neurons counted in each of the hippocampal CA1 subfields. RESULTS: 1. There were not significan differences in heart rates, blood pressures, blood sugar, and blood gas in group I & II during the pre-arrest steady state or at 5 min and 30 min after ROSC. 2. In group I & II, the HDS, were significantly reduced in rats(I exp-12, 1.1+/-0.6; I exp-24, 1.3+/-0.5; II exp-12, 1.4+/-0.7; and II exp-24, 1.8+/-0.8) treated with CHX 12 hours or 24 hours after ROSC than control rats(I, 2.5+/-0.9, II, 2.9+/-0.8)(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that delayed hippocampal neuronal death from ischemic insult after ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest followed by resuscitation can be prevented by a protein synthesis inhibitor, CHX. Further experimental studies of the action mechanism of protein synthesis inhibitors to delayed neuronal death and clinical applications are required.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Brain ; Heart Arrest* ; Heart Rate ; Hippocampus ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Ischemia ; Necrosis ; Neurons* ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ; Rats* ; Reperfusion ; Resuscitation ; Ventricular Fibrillation*

PURPOSE: The chemical sympathectomy is now widely performed procedure for vascular diseases of extremities. But it has been reported that this procedure may produce ejaculatory failure in men. We investigated the changes of the contractility of the vas deferens after chemical sympathectomy by 6-hydroxydopamine, and whether these changes can be recovered by the pretreatment of testosterone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rats were divided into 5 groups, which were 1) control 2) 6-hydroxydopamine 100mg group 3) 6-hydroxydopamine 100mg + testosterone100mg group 4) 6-hydroxydopamine 200mg group 5) 6-hydroxydopamine 200mg + testosterone 100mg group. 6-hydroxydopamine was injected intraperitoneally in each group at day 1, 3, 5 and killed at day 6. Testosterone was Injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes prior to 6-hydroxydopamine injection at day 1 . The vas deferns was quickly dissected out and the contractilities by electrical field stimulation, phenylephrine, acetylcholine and KCI were compared with control group. RESULTS: In prostatic vas, the phasic contractions were reduced only in 6-hydroxy- dopamine 200mg group and recovered incompletely by testosterone. Tonic contractions in prostatic vats were reduced in 6-hydroxydopamine looms group and 6-hydroxydopamine 100mg+testosterone 100mg group at 4, 8, 16Hz field stimulation and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The contractilies in 6-hydroxydopamine 200mg group and 6-hydroxydopamine 200mg+testosterone 100mg group were reduced at all frequencies, and testosterone pretreatment group showed slightly recovered contractility at 32, 64Hz, but less than those of control. In epididymal vas, the phasic and tonic contractions were reduced in all groups compared to control except in 6-hydroxydopamine 100mg+testosterone looms group at 32, 64Hz. The effects of 6-hydroxydopamine on phenylephrine or acetylcholine induced contraction showed supersensitivity, however, testosterone pretreatments had no effects on their supersensitivity. In the response to KCI, there was no difference in all the experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that chemical sympathectomy results in decreased contraction of the vas deferens, which is the main cause of ejaculatory failure. Although there is some protective effect by testosterone pretreatment, but it is thought that it is not so sufficient to prevent ejaculatory failure. But we suggest that there are possibilities of protective effect of testosterone by altering the dose and time of administration.
Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Dopamine ; Extremities ; Humans ; Male ; Oxidopamine* ; Phenylephrine ; Rats* ; Sympathectomy* ; Sympathectomy, Chemical ; Testosterone* ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Vas Deferens* ; Vascular Diseases