Although ventricular pacing alone initially had deemed adequate for most clinical situations, some patients did not do well after ventricular pacing was initiated, and developed various symptoms attributed to this mode of pacing. The pacemaker syndrome is complex of clinical signs and symptoms related to the adverse hemodynamic and electrophysiologic consequences of ventricular pacing in the absence of other causes. Neurologic symptoms or those congestive heart failure predominated. We recently experienced a case of pacemaker syndrome in a 44-year-old female who had suffered sick sinus syndrome and was implanted with dual chamber pacing system being programmed to VVI pacing. She complained of chest discomfort, dyspnea, and near-fainting in a day after being programmed to VVI. Blood pressure was decreased to 9/60mmHg. Electrocardiography showed toPwave onT wave, representing retrograde ventriculoatrial conduction. The symptoms and signs were disappeared immediately after the pacing system was programmed to DDD pacing.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ; Dyspnea ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Failure ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Sick Sinus Syndrome ; Thorax

Objective: Mood disorder and borderline personality pathology (BPP) are frequently comorbid and relate to childhood trauma. We investigated the relationship between childhood trauma and BPP features in mood disorder patients versus controls. Methods: A total of 488 mood disorder patients, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar I disorder (BD I), and bipolar II disorder (BD II), and 734 controls were included. We examined between-group BPP-related differences and correlated between BPP and childhood trauma using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ) and the Personality Assessment Inventory–Borderline Features Scale. Results: BD II patients showed significantly higher BPP. Emotional abuse and neglect were prominently associated with BPP, while affective instability and negative relationships exhibited a stronger association with childhood trauma. We also found a positive relationship between childhood trauma and BPP in MDD, BD I, and BD II patients. Conclusion The findings of the present study imply that BPP features are more likely to be found in patients with BD II than BD I or MDD. Mood disorder patients with severe childhood trauma may have higher BPP features. Thus, further study of the relationship between childhood trauma and BPP features could improve the therapeutic approaches and help understand patients with mood disorders.