No abstract available.
Depression, Postpartum* ; Female ; Postpartum Period*

OBJECTIVES: Contemporary empirical studies have suggested high rates of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) or obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD) in children with tic disorders. Not infrequently, ADHD or OCD is as source of greater impairment than are the tic symptoms. The studies in the pathophysiology of tic disorder have implicated abnormalities of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. The studies in pathophysiology of ADHD or OCD also have implicated abnormalities of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. This study was purposed to examine the differences in tic severities and in the levels of plasma homovanillic acid(HVA) and 5-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid(5-HIAA) according to the presence of comorbid ADHD or OCD in patients with chronic tic disorders. METHODS: In fifty chronic tic patients, OCD or ADHD was also diagnosed. And then tic symptoms, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and attention-deficit hyperactive symptoms were assessed using Yale global tic severity scale(YGTSS), Leyton obsessional inventory-child version(LOI-CV), and Conners parent rating scale. The plasma HVA and 5-HIAA levels were measured using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection method. RESULTS: Fifty-eight percent of the patients with chronic tic disorders had comorbid ADHD or OCD. But severities of tic did not differ regardless of the presence of comorbid ADHD or OCD. There was a significant positive correlation between tic severities and plasma HVA levels but none between tic severities and plasma 5-HIAA levels. There was a significant inverse correlation between resistance and interference scores and plasma 5-HIAA levels. Plasma HVA levels showed significant positive correlations with plasma 5-HIAA levels. CONCLUSION: These results showed that tic severities didn't vary according to the presence of comorbidities, and that tic severities were correlated with plasma HVA levels, not with plasma 5-HIAA levels. These results suggested that the pathophysiology of chronic tic disorder was strongly correlated with abnormalities of dopaminergic system.
Child ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Comorbidity* ; Dopamine ; Homovanillic Acid* ; Humans ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ; Norepinephrine ; Obsessive Behavior ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ; Parents ; Plasma* ; Serotonin ; Tic Disorders* ; Tics*

PURPOSE: To describe the appearance and average thickness of the internal anal sphincter with anal endosonography in healthy Korean adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 184 subjects(male: 96, female: 88) with no history of anorectal disease or surgery were studied with anal endosonography. The average thickness of internal sphincter was meas ured at the mid-anal canal. For the internal sphincter, which is often asymmetric, the thickness of each 4 part(12, 3, 6 and 9 o'clock direction) were measured in left lateral decubitus position. RESULTS: The anal wall was well visualized in 5 layers(mucosa, submucosa, internal anal sphincter, intersphincteric plane, external anal sphincter) with anal endosonography. The anal endosonogram showed the internal anal sphincter as a homogenous, well-defined, hypoechoic, circular band, and slightly asymmetric. The average thickness of the internal anal sphincter in the area of mid-anal portion was 2.0 0.3 mm(range: 1~3 mm). There was no sexual difference; however, a significant positive correlation with age was found in average thickness of the internal anal sphincter. The correlation with lean body mass was not found. CONCLUSION: The internal anal sphincter is well-visualized, best defined structure by anal endosonography. Average thickeness of the sphincter in Korean appeared to be the same as in the Western.
Adult* ; Anal Canal* ; Endosonography ; Female ; Humans

Incarceration of the gravid uterus is a rare but serious complication of pregnancy. Reported is the case of a gravid 2, para 0, abortus 1 with known uterine subserosal myoma(5.3 x5.5cm sized) 26-year-old woman presented with acute dysuria and urinary retention. The patient was 14 weeks and 3 days pregnant and presented several week history of urinary frequency and sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. Examination revealed a retroflexed uterus with cervical opening pointing toward the anterior abdominal wall. An ultrasound revealed a thin, elongated maternal bladder and a uterus incarcerated between the sacral promontary and the pubis. The incarceration was successfully reduced by tenaculum traction of the cervical posterior lip without surgical intervention and had a normal infant of appropriate weight at term.
Abdominal Wall ; Adult ; Dysuria ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Leiomyoma ; Lip ; Myoma* ; Pregnancy ; Sensation ; Traction ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Retention ; Uterine Retroversion ; Uterus*

Background: Endoscopic forehead lifting is one of the most common procedures in the field of upper facial surgery. The upper third of the face determines the facial expression and plays a key role in the appearance of facial youth. After the forehead, a high hairline is one of the most important features of the upper third of the face contributing to age identification. The combined evaluation of these two features should be a basic premise of upper facial surgery. Methods: The authors present a surgical sequence in which endoscopic forehead lifting and lowering of the high hairline by means of a scalp flap advancement are carried out during the same operation. The incision line is located along the hairline. After the scalp and forehead flap are moved, they are fixed using the bone tunnel fixation method. Results: In total, 194 patients were treated with endoscopic forehead lifting and simultaneous hairline lowering between August 2018 and July 2020. On average, the patients’ hairlines were 18 mm lower and their eyebrows were 5 mm higher. No patients had serious complications. Conclusions Endoscopic forehead lifting and simultaneous hairline lowering surgery make it possible to address the entire upper third of the face in a single facial rejuvenation operation.

Background: Endoscopic forehead lifting is one of the most common procedures in the field of upper facial surgery. The upper third of the face determines the facial expression and plays a key role in the appearance of facial youth. After the forehead, a high hairline is one of the most important features of the upper third of the face contributing to age identification. The combined evaluation of these two features should be a basic premise of upper facial surgery. Methods: The authors present a surgical sequence in which endoscopic forehead lifting and lowering of the high hairline by means of a scalp flap advancement are carried out during the same operation. The incision line is located along the hairline. After the scalp and forehead flap are moved, they are fixed using the bone tunnel fixation method. Results: In total, 194 patients were treated with endoscopic forehead lifting and simultaneous hairline lowering between August 2018 and July 2020. On average, the patients’ hairlines were 18 mm lower and their eyebrows were 5 mm higher. No patients had serious complications. Conclusions Endoscopic forehead lifting and simultaneous hairline lowering surgery make it possible to address the entire upper third of the face in a single facial rejuvenation operation.

Thoracic disc herniation is an uncommon cause of thoracic cord compression. Herniation in this region is of particular importance because of the serious disorders of nervous function which result from anterior compresstion of the spinal cord. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment are imperative because of the progressive and serious neurological deficit which results from delay. Numerous problems remain as to the safest surgical approach to the prolapsed thoracic intervertebral disc. We treated a case of herniated intervertebral disc occuring at Tll–T12 using the anterior approach. The result was favourable.
Early Diagnosis ; Intervertebral Disc ; Spinal Cord

The aims of treatment of children with CDH untreated until walking age should be to reestablish the mechanics of the hip joint and avoid complications, especially avascular necosis, thus delaying the devlopment of osteoarthritis. In the child who is first seen between the ages of one and three years, considerable controversy still exists as to the merit of closed versus operative management. The average 29.3 months follow-up results in fifty congenitally dislocated hips in forty-five children with were between six and thirty-six months old when treatment was begun have been reviewed at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, In Je University, College of Medicine, Paik Hospital from June, 1979 to Aug, 1989. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Factors affecting method of treatment were age, degree of dislocation and acetabular index; A. Age 1) The children below ages of 18 months were treatment by closed reduction. 2) The children below ages of 18 months were treatment by open reduction with concomittant procedures. B. Degree of dislocation: Open reduction was more frequently reguired in higher degree of dislocation. C. Acetabular index: It was little influenced on method of treatment. 2. The complications were persisten subuxation (3 cases), temporary irregular ossification (16 cases) and avascular necrosis (1 cases).
Acetabulum ; Child ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Mechanics ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Osteoarthritis ; Walking

PURPOSE: Arteriovenous fistula at the wrist has remained the procedure of choice for long-term chronic hemod ialysis since its development by Brecia and Cimino in 1966. Thrombosis is the most common cause of early failure after arteriovenous fistula procedure, should be reconized preoperatively or intraoperatively, but no consensus exits regarding the ideal preoperative or intraoperative screening method for access surgery. We describe a simple intraoperative maneuver that can be used to detect proximal stenotic vein segments. METHODS: From September 1998 to September 1999, a total of 117 arteriovenous fistulas were performed for permanent hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure. Of them, a intraoperative evoked thrill test was performed in 61 patients (A group), in 56 patients (B group or control group) was not. RESULTS: Early failure rate (<30 days) was 12.5% in A group, 9.8% in B group or control group. In this study, the specificity and positive predictive value of the evoked thrill test was 100%, indicating that this maneuver is highly accurate in predicting early failure. CONCLUSION: Evoked thrill test is a simple and useful intraoperative method for improving the patency rate of autologous arteroiovenous fistula.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Consensus ; Fistula ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Mass Screening ; Renal Dialysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thrombosis ; Veins ; Wrist

Augmentation mammoplasty with anatomical breast implant, which was first introduced in Korea in February 2012, is expected to increase along with the round implant. This study reports the early experience of a single surgeon with this implant to Korean female patients. A total of one hundred patients who performed augmentation mammoplasty with Replicon(R) (POLYTECH Health & Aesthetics, Dieburg, Germany), a kind of anatomical breast implant, from February 2012 to August 2012 were studied. Patient's satisfaction with breast shape and touch was assessed using linear analogue scales with a maximum score of 5. All of the patients received augmentation mammoplasty for cosmetic purpose. Ninety-one patients were satisfied with their results. Neither implant malrotation nor capsular contracture was checked during the average follow up period of 7.9 months. Even though it is a preliminary report of early studies, we can see that anatomical implant is suitable for Korean female patients who have small breast, mild ptotic breast and constricted lower pole, given that anatomical implant proved excellent results in this studies.
Breast ; Breast Implantation ; Breast Implants ; Contracture ; Cosmetics ; Esthetics ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Mammaplasty ; Weights and Measures