No abstract available.
Fractures, Open*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnant Women*

Nodular cystic fat necrosis, first described by Przyjemski and Schuster, is a peculiar form of encapsulated necrosis of subcutaneous fat characterized by totally or near-totally encapsulated necrosis of fatty tissue in which clusters of nonviable adipocytes are surrounded by condensed fibrous tissue. We report two cases of nodular cystic fat necrosis associated with history of trauma about the site of the lesion. Each lesion was a subcutaneous movable nodule on buttock (case 1) and shin (case 2) which has evolved over months. Both cases showed possible relation to multiple intramuscular injection or direct trauma injury. Pathologically, encapsulated nodule showed a characteristic feature of nodular cystic fat necrosis which composed of the ghosts of anucleated adipocytes showing fairly well-preserved outline.
Adipocytes ; Adipose Tissue ; Buttocks ; Fat Necrosis* ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Necrosis ; Subcutaneous Fat

The Kallmanns syndrome is the most common form of isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in which anosmia or hyposmia resulting from agenesis of hypoplasia of the olfactory lobes is associated with LHRH deficiency, This syndrome is genetically heterogeneous and can be trans-mitted as an X-linked, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive trait. The hypogonadotropic hypogonadism results in absent or incomplete pubertal development and may be associated with anosmia or hyposmia, mid-line defect(color blindness, cleft-lip or
Blindness ; Cryptorchidism ; Epiphyses ; Femur Neck ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Growth Plate ; Head ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Kallmann Syndrome ; Male ; Olfaction Disorders ; Olfactory Cortex ; Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses

No abstract available.
Alopecia Areata ; Alopecia ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine

PURPOSE: To evaluate the histological changes of the synovial membrane treated by 166Ho-Chitosan complex in collagenase induced arthritis of the knee in the rabbit. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Arthritis was induced in sixteen rabbits by intra-articular injection of 1mg collagenase II and then treated by intra-articular injection of 0.4mCi 166Ho-Chitosan complex 2weeks later. The radioisotope scan was checked in each rabbit for the distribution and extra-articular leakage of the 166Ho-Chitosan complex. The synovial tissues from the femorotibial joints were evaluated for serial histological changes 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after the 166Ho-Chitosan complex injetion. RESULTS: Two weeks after 166Ho-Chitosan complex administration, inflammatory cells such as giant cells, lymphocytes, histiocyte, and fibroblasts appeared in the subsynovial stroma. The most synovial cells were necrotized. Four weeks after 166Ho-Chitosan complex administration, the inflammatory cells were decreased and many fibroblasts appeared on the subsynovial stroma. There was neovasculization in the synovial membrane 4 weeks after administration. The fibers of collagen were noticed in the synovial membrane and subsynovial stroma at 8 weeks. There was no synoviocyte in the synovium and the thickness of fibrosis was increased at 12weeks. There were fragmentation of the nucleoli of synoviocyte and endothelial cell on the transmission electron microscope (TEM) . CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the synovial membranes treated by 166Ho-Chitosan complex in the collagenase induced arthritis of the knee in the rabbit show early radiation damage and then subsequently develop the fibrosis, and no synovial cell regeneration was observed until 12 weeks.
Arthritis* ; Collagen ; Collagenases* ; Endothelial Cells ; Fibroblasts ; Fibrosis ; Giant Cells ; Histiocytes ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Joints ; Knee* ; Lymphocytes ; Rabbits ; Regeneration ; Synovial Membrane

PURPOSE: Planning target volume (PTV) for tumors in abdomen or thorax includes enough margin for breathing-related movement of tumor volumes during treatment. Depending on the location of the tumor, the magnitude of PTV margin extends from 10 mm to 30 mm, which increases substantial volume of the irradiated normal tissue hence, resulting in increase of normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). We developed a simple and handy method which can reduce PTV margins in patients with liver tumors, respiratory motion reduction device (RRD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For 10 liver cancer patients, the data of internal organ motion were obtained by examining the diaphragm motion under fluoroscope. It was tested for both supine and prone position. A RRD was made using MeV-Green and Styrofoam panels and then applied to the patients. By analyzing the diaphragm movement from patients with RRD, the magnitude of PTV margin was determined and dose volume histogram (DVH) was computed using AcQ-Plan, a treatment planning software. Dose to normal tissue between patients with RRD and without RRD was analyzed by comparing the fraction of the normal liver receiving to 50% of the isocenter dose. DVH and NTCP for normal liver and adjacent organs were also evaluated. RESULTS: When patients breathed freely, average movement of diaphragm was 12+/-1.9 mm in prone position in contrast to 16+/-1.9 mm in supine position. In prone position, difference in diaphragm movement with and without RRD was 3+/-0.9 mm and 12 mm, respectively, showing that PTV margins could be reduced to as much as 9 mm. With RRD, volume of the irradiated normal liver reduced up to 22.7% in DVH analysis. CONCLUSION: Internal organ motion due to breathing can be reduced using RRD, which is simple and easy to use in clinical setting. It can reduce the organ motion-related PTV margin, thereby decrease volume of the irradiated normal tissue.
Abdomen ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Diaphragm ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Neoplasms ; Prone Position ; Respiration ; Supine Position ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Medication adherence (MA) is poor among patients with chronic illnesses, such as those involving the risk factors of stroke. However, the impacts of poor MA on the modifiable risk factors of stroke are not well known. METHODS: We evaluated the MA for the control of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and previous ischemic stroke among consecutive patients with ischemic stroke within 7 days of symptom onset. Nonadherence was defined as taking doctor-prescribed medications for less than 3 weeks during the previous month. Demographic data, risk factor profile, stroke mechanism, and baseline score on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were compared among patients with nonadherence and those without. RESULTS: Among 1133 patients with at least one medicated risk factor, the rates of nonadherence in hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and previous ischemic stroke were 18.5%, 15.3%, 30.3%, and 28.1%, respectively. Overall, 27.4% of patients with more than one risk factor presented nonadherence, with a predilection toward being male (male, 63.9% vs. female, 56.1%, p=0.02) and younger (mean age 64.9 years vs. 66.4 years, p=0.01). Stroke severity according to MA did not differ using either crude analysis (NIHSS score: 5.5+/-5.9 vs. 5.4+/-5.5, p=0.71) or multivariable analysis after log transformation. The prevalence of nonadherence was low for large-artery disease and small-vessel occlusion, and high for cardioembolism. CONCLUSIONS: Prestroke poor MA for the major risk factors was common among patients with chronic illnesses, and was more frequent in younger male patients. Stroke severity was not affected by MA during the month preceding stroke.
Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Stroke

Patient-derived tumor xenograft is the transfer of primary human tumors directly into an immunodeficient mouse. Patient-derived tumor xenograft plays an important role in the development and evaluation of new chemotherapeutic agents. We succeeded in generating a patient-derived tumor xenograft of a biliary tumor obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration from a patient who had an inoperable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. This patient-derived tumor xenograft will be a promising tool for individualized cancer therapy and can be used in developing new chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of biliary cancer in the future.
Aged ; Animals ; Bile Duct Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery ; Cholangiocarcinoma/*pathology/surgery ; Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration ; Heterografts/*pathology/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Transplantation, Heterologous/*methods

DiGeorge syndrome is the developmental anomalies of the third and fourth pharngeal pouches. Recently, damages or abnormal development of the neural crest is suggested as a possible pathogenetic factor, because neural crest cells play a crucial role in development of pharyngeal pouch derivatives, e.g. thymus and parathyroid glands, as well as the aortic arches and conotruncal part of the heat. Most cases have abnormal findings of chromosome 22 and are sporadic, but familial cases have been described. Typical features of DiGeorge syndrome are congenital heart disease, aplasia or hypoplasia of the thymus and parathyroid glands and facial dysmorphism. The main problems and cause of death are severe congestive heart failure due to cardiac anomlies, hypocalcemic complications or immunocompromised conditions. As these results, most cases were expired at infantal period or early childhood. Recently, we have a case of Digeorge syndrome which was associated with complex cardiovascular anomalies(tetralogy of Fallot, atrial septal defect, right aortic arch, left hemitruncus), severe hypocalcemia, aplasia of thymus and facial dysmorphism.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Cause of Death ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; DiGeorge Syndrome* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Failure ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Infant ; Neural Crest ; Parathyroid Glands ; Thymus Gland