No abstract available.
Knee Joint* ; Knee*

The basic graph layout technique, one of many visualization techniques, deals with the problem of positioning vertices in a way to maximize some measure of desirability in a graph. The technique is becoming critically important for further development of the field of systems biology. However, applying the appropriate automatic graph layout techniques to the genomic scale flow of metabolism requires an understanding of the characteristics and patterns of duplicate and shared vertices, which is crucial for bioinformatics software developers. In this paper, we provide the results of parsing KEGG XML files from a graph-theoretical perspective, for future research in the area of automatic layout techniques in biological pathway domains.
Computational Biology ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Systems Biology

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the clinical and radiological results of one-stage correction for cerebral palsy patients. METHODS: We reviewed clinical outcomes and radiologic indices of 32 dysplastic hips in 23 children with cerebral palsy (13 males, 10 females; mean age, 8.6 years). Ten hips had dislocation, while 22 had subluxation. Preoperative Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) scores of the patients were as follows; level V (13 patients), level IV (9), and level III (1). Acetabular deficiency was anterior in 5 hips, superolateral in 7, posterior in 11 and mixed in 9, according to 3 dimensional computed tomography. The combined surgery included open reduction of the femoral head, release of contracted muscles, femoral shortening varus derotation osteotomy and the modified Dega osteotomy. Hip range of motion, GMFCS level, acetabular index, center-edge angle and migration percentage were measured before and after surgery. The mean follow-up period was 28.1 months. RESULTS: Hip abduction (median, 40degrees), sitting comfort and GMFCS level were improved after surgery, and pain was decreased. There were two cases of femoral head avascular necrosis, but no infection, nonunion, resubluxation or redislocation. All radiologic indices showed improvement after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: A single event multilevel surgery including soft tissue, pelvic and femoral side correction is effective in treating spastic dislocation of the hip in cerebral palsy.
Adolescent ; Arthroplasty/*methods ; Cerebral Palsy/*complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hip Dislocation/*etiology/*surgery ; Hip Joint/pathology/radiography/*surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Osteotomy ; Pain/etiology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The long arm duplication of chromosome 3 was reported for the first time in 1966 by Falek et al., and Hirschhorn et al. came to identify the duplication of 3q21--> qter region in 1973. In most cases of duplication 3q syndrome patients, pure duplication of 3qter is believed to be rare and is often reported accompanied with deletion of another segment of the chromosome. Approximately 75 percent of parents of the patient in the meantime have been demonstrated to have unbalanced translocations or inversions of the chromosome. Partial deletion of the distal part of the short arm of chromosome 3 was first reported by Verjaal and De Nef in 1978 and terminal deletion of chromosome 3 (3p25- qter) has been observed in most cases. In karyotyping of chromosomes of immature infants showing the manifestations of flat occiputs, low set ears, hypertelorism, broad nasal roots, thin lips, web necks, hypotonia, hypertrichosis skin, cryptorchidism etc, we experienced a case diagnosed as 46, XY, rec (3) dup (3) (q21) del (3) (p25) inv (3) (p25q21).
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

The antisynthetase syndrome is characterized by anti-Jo-1 antibody production, interstitial lung disease, inflammatory muscle disease, and, in many cases, fever, polyarthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, and mechanic's hands. Joint signs and symptoms occur in up to 90% of patients with antisynthetase syndrome, occasionally as the initial manifestations. Although visual inspection of the hands shows changes that are highly suggestive of rheumatoid arthritis, notable differences exist. Antisynthetase syndrome is a predominantly nonerosive arthropathy with subluxations of the distal interphalangeal joints. It manifests as overlap syndrome with other connective tissue diseases. However, overlap syndrome of antisynthetase syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis is rare. We treated a 51-year-old male patient with overlap syndrome of antisynthetase syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis, and report the case with a review of the literature.
Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Antibody Formation ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Fever ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myositis ; Polymyositis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between life style, menstrual attitude and premenstrual syndrome in nursing students. METHODS: The study participants were 246 nursing students of a university in Gyeunggi province. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire from May to June, 2012. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe test. RESULTS: Students who had undesirable alcohol habits (r=.15, p=.020) and negative menstrual attitude (r=.17, p=.009) experienced more a severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Students with dysmenorrhea had more severe PMS (F=12.41, p<.001) and a negative menstrual attitude (F=6.18, p<.001). CONCLUSION: These finding suggest that PMS would be alleviated by nursing interventions to improve alcohol habits and decrease negative menstrual attitudes, and nursing interventions for dysmenorrhea would be helpful in PMS management in nursing students. Further studies on the development of nursing interventions related to these factors are needed for PMS management.
Dysmenorrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Menstruation ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: We observed new bone formation following the transplantation of allogenic periosteum-derived stem cells and different sizes of hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold materials into rabbit long-bone defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two white rabbits were grouped according to the material transplanted into their tibial bone defects: group 1 (microscale HA only); group 2 (nanoscale HA only); group 3 (microscale HA plus stem cells); and group 4 (nanoscale HA plus stem cells). Viscosity was controlled by the relative amounts of HA and agar. After surgery, radiologic, microscopic, and biochemical observations were performed weekly for 8 weeks. RESULTS: Nanoscale HA (groups 2 and 4) provided better bone formation than microscale HA (groups 1 and 3). The rabbits that had been transplanted with nanoscale HA plus stem cells (group 4) had more homogeneous bone formation during the natural repair process than the other groups. CONCLUSION: Further study is required using nanoscale HA plus organic substance and stem cells, which are more similar to human bone structure, for better bone formation.
Agar ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Stem Cells ; Transplants ; Viscosity

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease(CAD) has been related to a number of factors, including diabetes, smoking,hypertension, blood lipids, and family history of CAD. However, a few studies have examined the correlation between these factors and severity of CAD. In the present study, we aimed to define the correlation between risk factors and the severity of CAD. METHODS: The study population was 309 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography in Kang Nam St. Marys hospital between Mar. 1992 and Aug. 1994. We analyzed risk factors of CA ; age, total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol cholesterol(LDL-C), the ratio of TC to HDL-C, Lp(a), uric acid, fibrinogen, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and family history of CAD. All films were reviewed without specific knowledge of blood laboratory results. Significant occlusive disease was defined as >50% diameter obstruction of a major coronary vessel. Extent of disease was defined as the number of major coronalry arteries with significant occlusive disease. RESULTS: 1) Statistically significant risk factors between one vessel disease group and multivessel disease group are age, TC, LDL-C, and diabetes in total patients and age, LDL, and diabetes in male patients. But there is no significant difference in female patients. 2) In patients with multivessel disease, age, HDL-C level are significantly lowere, and TG level and the percentage of smkoing are significantly higher, in male than female. 3) There is increase in four major risk factors(diabetes, hypertension,smoking,hypercholesterolemia) with the increased number of diseasesd coronary arteries; normal coronary group has 1.07 risk factors, one vessel disease group 1.30, two vessel disease group 1.49, and three vessel disease group 1.78. 4) In total and male patients, three independent variables are significantly associated with severity of CAD. These variables are age, smoking, and diabetes. In female patients, diabetes in only significant independent risk factor. CONCLUSION: The significant independent risk factors associated with severity of CAD are age, diabetes, and smoking in total and male patients. Whereas in female patients, diabetes is only significant independent risk factor.
Arteries ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid

Cushing's syndrome is produced by the hypersecretion of adrenal glucocorticoids and is characterized by moon face, central obesity, disappearance of diurnal variation of plasma cortisol and unsuppressibility of plasma cortisol by low-dose dexamethasone. On the other hand, hyperaldosteronism is produced by the hypersecretion of aldosterone and is characterized by hypertension and hypokalemia. We report a rare case of adrenal adenoma with concurrent hypercortisolism and hyperaldosteronism manifestated with hypertension, cushingoid appearance, left adrenal mass with low-normal plasma potassium. Laparoscopic unilateral tumor excision was performed and hypertension disappeared after the operation.
Adenoma* ; Aldosterone ; Cushing Syndrome* ; Dexamethasone ; Glucocorticoids ; Hand ; Hydrocortisone ; Hyperaldosteronism* ; Hypertension ; Hypokalemia ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Plasma ; Potassium

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of digital subtraction contrast-enhanced multi-phase magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for evaluation of the vessels of the gastrointestinal system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients who underwent abdominal MRA for evaluation of the vessels of the gastrointestinal system were included in this study. MRA was performed using a 1.5-T scanner and the 3-D turbo-FLASH sequence. Subtraction images of the arterial and portal venous phases were obtained by subtracting arterial phase images from mask images and portal venous phase images from arterial phase images, respectively. Each set of images was processed using a maximum-intensity projection (MIP) algorithm to produce three-dimensional angiograms. We compared overall image quality and the visibility of normal and abnormal vessels between subtraction and non-subtraction MRA. RESULTS: In terms of subjective image quality, subtraction and non-subtraction MRA was similar both the arterial and portal venous phases (p>0.05). During the arterial phase, subtraction MRA visualized more peripheral branches of the left gastric and superior mesenteric arteries than non-subtraction MRA (p<0.05), and during the portal venous phase, subtraction MRA demonstrated more peripheral branches of the superior mesenteric (p<0.01), splenic (p<0.05) and left portal vein (p<0.05) than non-subtraction MRA. In addition, overall visibility of the arterial and portal venous branches was superior with subtraction MRAs than with non-subtraction MRA. Both of these detected all anomalous arterial branching (n=5) and abnormal (encased or obstructed) portal veins (n=5). Subtraction MRA visualized 17 portal venous collaterals in six patients, whereas non-subtraction MRA visualized only seven collateral veins. CONCLUSION: In contrast-enhanced abdominal MRA, the digital subtraction technique permits visualization of more distal branches of the vessels of both the arterial and portal venous systems without significant degradation of image quality. The technique is particularly useful for the detection of portal venous collaterals in patients with portal hypertension.
Angiography* ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Masks ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Portal Vein ; Subtraction Technique* ; Veins