No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Apoptosis* ; Caspase 3* ; Endothelial Cells* ; Perforin* ; Vibrio vulnificus* ; Vibrio*

No Abstract Available.
Hyperpigmentation*

Mn (manganese) is known to induce Parkinsonian neurological disorder. Several lines of evidence suggest that apoptosis is involved not only in physiological cell death during normal development but also in neurodegenerative disease. The mechanism of Mn induced cell death remains poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated the morphologic changes and apoptotic profile in basal ganglia using rat model of Mn toxicity. The rats were divided into three groups: the first group was a control; the second group was subdivided by administration dosage of Mn into group A (5, 10 mg MnC12/ kg) and group B (20, 40 mg MnC12/kg). The rats of each subgroup received a injection of Mn via tail vein every week for 4 weeks. The second group received 4 repeated injection of 10 mg MnC12/kg in the same manner and the rats were sacrificed at day 1, 3 & 7 in group I and at day 10, 21, 42, and 90 in group II after the last injection. A significant loss of neuron and gliosis were observed in the basal ganglia in the experimental groups (p<0.05), which were more pronounced in group II than in the control or group I. No significant difference in number of nerve cells or degree of gliosis was identified in the substantia nigra. Apoptotic cells were also increased in basal ganglia of experimental groups and appeared among neurons (10%), glial cells (10%), and endothelial cells (60%). Apoptotic figures were consistently noted through the entire experimental period after Mn injection in basal ganglia. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that Mn-induced cytopathic insult affects various cell types in basal ganglia and shows variable sensitivity in the different regions of brain, especially in the apoptotic cell death of the neuron. The overaccumulation of Mn in the brain might be attributed from the breakdown of blood-brain barrier due to the injury through the apoptosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Basal Ganglia* ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain ; Cell Death ; Endothelial Cells ; Gliosis ; Manganese* ; Models, Animal ; Nervous System Diseases ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Substantia Nigra ; Veins

BACKGROUND: The diffuse infiltrative lung disease requires surgical lung biopsy for its final diagnosis. We evaluated the effect of surgical lung biopsy for final diagnosis of duffuse interstitial lung disease and compared video assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy (TLB) with open lung biopsy (OLB). MATERIAL AND METHOD: We evaluated the patients who underwent surgical lung biopsy from March 2000 from December 2005, retrospectively. We divide to two groups (OLB and TLB group) and compared them. RESULT: There were 36 patients and cough was the most common pre- operative symptom. Surgery time, anesthetic time, hospital stay, duration of chest tube indwelling, specimen volume and the rate of post-operative complication were not significantly different between two groups. Histologic diagnosis was confirmed in all cases. There was one post-operative death who had suffered from respiratory failure since pre-operative period. CONCLUSION: Surgical lung biopsy is effective method in final diagnosis for diffuse infiltrative lung disease. Video assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy is lesser invasive method than open lung biopsy and provide similar results, so it is basic diagnostic method of surgical lung biopsy.
Biopsy* ; Chest Tubes ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lung Diseases* ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Lung* ; Pathology ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies

Congenital triangular alopecia is a rarely reported idiopathic congenital circumscribed alopecia. It presents with isolated patches of permanent alopecia involving the frontotemporal suture area of the scalp. It is necessary to differentiate it from other conditions such as alopecia areata in order to avoid prolonged treatment which may cause adverse side effects. We report a case of 7-year-old boy with congenital triangular alopecia.
Alopecia Areata ; Alopecia* ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Scalp ; Sutures

We report a case of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis in a 64-year-old male patient, who had multiple verrucous plaques on his right hand for twenty years. His past history revealed a previous history of injury on his lesion site. Histologic features consisted of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis in the epidermis with inflammatory infiltrate and tuberculoid granuloma in the dermis. It was suspected that the patient had tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, but no bacilli was found in the lesion in the AFB stain. Then we performed PCR, which showed a positive result. We started antituberculosis medication, and the lesions cleared up after 6 months of treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The lesions were later confirmed to be tuberculosis by the AFB culture. We suggest that early diagnosis of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis can be made by using PCR.
Dermis ; Early Diagnosis ; Epidermis ; Ethambutol ; Granuloma ; Hand ; Humans ; Isoniazid ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pyrazinamide ; Rifampin ; Tuberculosis*

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a phenolic compound derived from licorice, exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-tumor, and antioxidant effects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-cancer effects are not well understood in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells. Melanoma, a highly aggressive and treatment-resistant cancer, remains a significant health challenge. This study investigates the anti-cancer effects of ISL, focusing on identifying reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis mechanisms on SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells. Our results show that ISL treatment induces apoptosis in SK-MEL-28 cells, as evidenced by the cleavage of caspase-9, -7, -3, and PARP. ISL increased Bax expression, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and promoted cytochrome C release into the cytosol. ISL also reduced the expression of cell cycle markers, including cyclin D1, D3, and survivin. Notably, ISL treatment markedly increased intracellular ROS levels and pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine, a ROS scavenger, abrogated the ISL-induced inhibition of the p38/mTOR/STAT3 pathway and prevented apoptosis.Moreover, ISL significantly diminished the constitutive phosphorylation of mTOR and STAT3 in SK-MEL-28 cells by blocking the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, an upstream kinase of mTOR. Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR attenuated the STAT3 signaling, indicating that mTOR acts as an upstream kinase of STAT3 in these cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that ISL inhibits SK-MEL-28 cell growth by downregulating cell survival proteins and inducing apoptosis through ROS generation.

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a phenolic compound derived from licorice, exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-tumor, and antioxidant effects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-cancer effects are not well understood in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells. Melanoma, a highly aggressive and treatment-resistant cancer, remains a significant health challenge. This study investigates the anti-cancer effects of ISL, focusing on identifying reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis mechanisms on SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells. Our results show that ISL treatment induces apoptosis in SK-MEL-28 cells, as evidenced by the cleavage of caspase-9, -7, -3, and PARP. ISL increased Bax expression, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and promoted cytochrome C release into the cytosol. ISL also reduced the expression of cell cycle markers, including cyclin D1, D3, and survivin. Notably, ISL treatment markedly increased intracellular ROS levels and pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine, a ROS scavenger, abrogated the ISL-induced inhibition of the p38/mTOR/STAT3 pathway and prevented apoptosis.Moreover, ISL significantly diminished the constitutive phosphorylation of mTOR and STAT3 in SK-MEL-28 cells by blocking the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, an upstream kinase of mTOR. Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR attenuated the STAT3 signaling, indicating that mTOR acts as an upstream kinase of STAT3 in these cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that ISL inhibits SK-MEL-28 cell growth by downregulating cell survival proteins and inducing apoptosis through ROS generation.

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a phenolic compound derived from licorice, exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-tumor, and antioxidant effects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-cancer effects are not well understood in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells. Melanoma, a highly aggressive and treatment-resistant cancer, remains a significant health challenge. This study investigates the anti-cancer effects of ISL, focusing on identifying reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis mechanisms on SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells. Our results show that ISL treatment induces apoptosis in SK-MEL-28 cells, as evidenced by the cleavage of caspase-9, -7, -3, and PARP. ISL increased Bax expression, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and promoted cytochrome C release into the cytosol. ISL also reduced the expression of cell cycle markers, including cyclin D1, D3, and survivin. Notably, ISL treatment markedly increased intracellular ROS levels and pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine, a ROS scavenger, abrogated the ISL-induced inhibition of the p38/mTOR/STAT3 pathway and prevented apoptosis.Moreover, ISL significantly diminished the constitutive phosphorylation of mTOR and STAT3 in SK-MEL-28 cells by blocking the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, an upstream kinase of mTOR. Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR attenuated the STAT3 signaling, indicating that mTOR acts as an upstream kinase of STAT3 in these cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that ISL inhibits SK-MEL-28 cell growth by downregulating cell survival proteins and inducing apoptosis through ROS generation.