No abstract available.
Nasal Bone*

PURPOSE: To identify antitumor effect, indication and antitumor mechanism of p21/WAF1 gene therapy in human kidney and bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We cloned cDNA of wild type human p21 gene by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) technology and constructed a mammalian expression plasmid vector carrying cDNA of wild type human p21 and CMV enhancer/promotor(pCMV-p21). pCMV-p21 was administered in vitro in complex with HDL cationic polyliposome into human kidney cancer cells(CURC-1 and CURC-2), bladder cancer cells(RT4 and T24), and liver cancer cells(Hep3B and HepG2), followed by analysis of viable cell number, cellular morphology, cell cycle distribution and development of apoptosis. RESULTS: The expression of p21 was preserved in p53-wild type cells and markedly decreased or absent in p53-mutant cells. Administration of pCMV-p21:HDL complex induced high level expression of p21 and significant suppression of growth in all of the cancer cells examined, regardless of their genetic status of p21 and p53. Transfer of p21 to cancer cells induced not only decrease of proportion of cells in G2+M/S phase but also apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: HDL cationic polyliposome-mediated p21 gene transfer may become a promising therapeutic modality for human kidney and bladder cancer and that p21 may have a novel function to induce apoptosis to human bladder and kidney cancer cells. Further studies are necessary on in vivo antitumor effect of p21 gene transfer and molecular mechanism of p21 gene-induced apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; Cell Count ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line* ; Clone Cells ; DNA, Complementary ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Kidney* ; Liver Neoplasms ; Plasmids ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

During a 9-year period 43 children and adolescents 2 to 18 years old underwent 140 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatments for 48 calculi. The second generation piezoelectric lithotriptor (LT01) was used in 28 cases (65%) while the remaining cases were treated with the third generation piezoelectric lithotriptor (LT02). LT02 lithotriptor differs from an earlier model LT01 in 2 important respects; a stone localization system consisting of ultrasound and fluoroscopy, and more energy per shock wave. The LT01 necessitated caudal anesthesia in 14 cases (50%) while the LT02 necessitated caudal anesthesia in 2 cases (13%) and intravenous anesthesia in 2 cases (13%). Two upper ureteral stones without ureteral dilatation and 1 mid ureteral stone, which were difficult to detect with ultrasound, could be localized by combined ultrasound and fluoroscopy on LT02. The success rate by LT01 and LT02 ESWL was 92.9% and 100%, respectively. The mean session of LT01 and LT02 ESWL was 3.6+/-.4.09 and 2.6+/-2.47, respectively, and the total storage of LT02 ESWL (93+/-97.8) was much less(p<0.05) than that of LT01 ESWL (363+/-380.3). There were no statistical differences in regard to success and the use of stents, stone size or location between the 2 lithotriptors. Six patients required adjuvant procedures, and ESWL complications were not required admission or surgical management. Therefore, LT02 piezoelectric lithotripsy, in comparison with LT01, is more efficient to localize stones and can lessen total storage by reducing treatment sessions in children and adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Anesthesia, Caudal ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Calculi ; Child* ; Dilatation ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Shock ; Stents ; Ultrasonography ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi

Changes of body temperature were observed in the esophagus and rectum by telethermometer during extracorporeal circulation in 40 cases of open heart for detection of significant differences in survivals and non-survivals. The following results were obtained; 1) Esophageal and rectal temperature(just prior to extracorporeal circulation) were 36.4+/-0.69 degrees C, 36.8+/-0.8 degrees C respectively in non-survivals and 36.0+/-0.73 degrees C, 36.4+/-0.8 degrees C in survivals after open heart surgery 2) Normal differences between rectal and esophageal temperature came to disappear after 30 minutes of extracorporeal circulation in two groups. 3) Esophageal temperatures were higher than rectal temperatures after extracorporeal circulation for open heart surgery in both groups. 4) Changes of temperature differences between rectum and esophagus have no correlation with mortality because of the variation in two areas in both groups.
Body Temperature* ; Clinical Study* ; Esophagus ; Extracorporeal Circulation* ; Heart* ; Mortality ; Rectum ; Thoracic Surgery*

We report a case of spinal, cerebral and cerebellar embolism that occurred following injection sclerotherapy with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate for variceal bleeding. The patient had been diagnosed with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and esophageal variceal bleeding. We performed injection sclerotherapy with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. The patient complained of both leg motor weakness and left arm motor weakness after injection and was diagnosed with spinal, cerebral and cerebellar embolism following the n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection. At the follow-up examination, the patient's neurologic symptoms had improved, but left leg motor weakness remained. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of multiple embolizations including the spine, cerebrum and cerebellum after n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection for treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding.
Arm ; Cerebellum ; Cerebrum ; Embolism* ; Enbucrilate* ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leg ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Sclerotherapy ; Spine

This study utilized the Community Multiscale Air Quality model to simulate the spatial distribution of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) concentrations from large national industrial complexes (IC) located in the Ulsan metropolitan region (UMR). Through controlling pollutant emissions from major IC, this study performed a quantitative analysis of the influence of pollutant emissions on BTX concentrations in surrounding urban areas. The results showed that approximately 40% of the annual average BTX concentrations in nearby urban grids were directly influenced by pollutant emissions from the IC. Seasonal modeling results indicated that average BTX concentrations were high around petrochemical complexes, with higher concentrations in the surrounding urban areas during the summer (July). All three of the BTX pollutants showed similar seasonal differences. Daily contributions differed significantly throughout the modeling period, with some values reaching a maximum of 80% during July. Overall, when urban areas were located downwind of the IC, contributions rose. Moreover, this study compared the differences in BTX contributions at each measurement point within the IC and urban areas, which showed that the influence of the IC emissions decreased significantly with distance. The spatial distribution and direct influence of the IC on BTX concentrations in the UMR identified through this study could be used to provide input data in environmental epidemiological studies.
Benzene ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Seasons ; Toluene ; Ulsan ; Xylenes

The stenosing foramen of L5–S1 by several degenerative diseases is one of the challenging areas on surgical approaching because of the deeper depth and steep slope in the lumbosacral junction. The floating view using unilateral biportal endoscopic spine surgery rather than docking into the Kambin’s zone can make the foraminal structures seen panoramically and permit dynamic handling of various instruments without destroying the facet joint and causing iatrogenic instability. Fine discrimination of structural margins in helps of the higher magnification and gentle manipulation of neural structures just as in open spine surgery could be guaranteed using floating technique from the target structures. Selective decompression with preserving innocent structures including facet joints could relieve foraminal lesions at the L5–S1 and decrease the necessity of fusion surgery caused by wider decompression and iatrogenic instability.
Decompression ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Endoscopy ; Lumbosacral Region ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Spinal Dysraphism ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine ; Zygapophyseal Joint

Polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis are collectively known as 'Philadelphia-negative classical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs).' The discovery of new genetic aberrations such as Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) have enhanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of MPNs. Currently, the JAK2 mutation is not only a standard criterion for diagnosis but is also a new target for drug development. The JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, was the first JAK inhibitor approved for patients with intermediate- to high-risk myelofibrosis and its effects in improving symptoms and survival benefits were demonstrated by randomized controlled trials. In 2011, the Korean Society of Hematology MPN Working Party devised diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for Korean MPN patients. Subsequently, other genetic mutations have been discovered and many kinds of new drugs are now under clinical investigation. In view of recent developments, we have revised the guidelines for the diagnosis and management of MPN based on published evidence and the experiences of the expert panel. Here we describe the epidemiology, new genetic mutations, and novel therapeutic options as well as diagnostic criteria and standard treatment strategies for MPN patients in Korea.
Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 2/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Mutation ; Myeloproliferative Disorders/diagnosis/drug therapy/enzymology/ethnology/genetics ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Treatment Outcome

Lymphoid polyp is a very rare disease that commonly occurs in the rectum. It is a benign, focal or diffuse lesion that typically occurs where clusters of lymphoid follicles are present. The polyp is composed of well differentiated lymphoid tissue. It can generally be differentiated from malignant lymphoma by the proliferation of normal lymphoid tissue, which has a prominent follicular pattern and a clearly defined germinal center. There have been only a few reports of lymphoid polyps of the rectum, and there have been no reports of lymphoid polyp in the ampulla of Vater. We experienced a case of lymphoid polyp in the ampulla of Vater associated with tubulopapillary adenoma, and the patient first presented with jaundice, weight loss and general weakness.
Adenoma ; Ampulla of Vater ; Germinal Center ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Polyps ; Rare Diseases ; Rectum ; Weight Loss

BACKGROUND: Aldosterone acts as a non-hemodynamic factors on the hypertensive heart regarding sodium retension or myocardial fibrosis. To elucidate whether aldosterone is associated with the specific left ventricular geometry or not, we investigated the relationship between the upright serum aldosterone levels and the echocardiographicleft ventricular structure in the essential hypertension patients never treated. METHODS: Echocardiographic indices included M-mode measured left ventricular mass index (LVMI), relative wall thickness (RWT). Aldosterone is measured by Radioimmunoassay for the serum withdrawn from the subjects at least 3 hours upright position. 63 patients and 20 normal control subjects were evaluated. RESULTS: 1) 84.1% (63/53) of cases showed left ventricular hypertrophy. 7 patients showed normal LVMI, 3 patients showed concentric remodeling geometry. 19 patients had concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). 34 patients had eccentric LVH. 2) The serum aldosterone level has negative correlation with the RWT (r=-0.27, p=0.03) but not with LVMI (r=0.08, p=NS). There was difference among groups (ANOVA, F=0.009). Serum aldosterone is higher in eccentric LVH group than in concentric LVH group (10.5+/-1.2 ng/dL vs 5.2+/-0.6 ng/dL, p=0.0001) and than in control group (10.5+/-1.2 ng/dL vs 6.6+/-0.8 ng/dL, p=0.01). CONCLUSION: In this study, we observed that the serum aldosterone level was not correlated with the LVMI but with RWT negatively so that eccentric LVH group showed higher serum aldosterone levels than control group and concentric LVH group.
Aldosterone* ; Echocardiography ; Fibrosis ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Radioimmunoassay ; Sodium