AC/A ratio of alternating fixation metbod(AF) using Major Amblyoscope was compared with that of simultaneous fixation method(SF). Under SF, AC/A ratio was greater than that of AF and standard deviation of both method was not significantly different. This indicates tbat AC/A ratio of SF was not accurate, because fusional convergence was invariably participated. Therefore, when we measure the AC/A ratio by tbe gradient method using the Major Amblyoscope, AF was desirable.

AC/A ratio of alternating fixation metbod(AF) using Major Amblyoscope was compared with that of simultaneous fixation method(SF). Under SF, AC/A ratio was greater than that of AF and standard deviation of both method was not significantly different. This indicates tbat AC/A ratio of SF was not accurate, because fusional convergence was invariably participated. Therefore, when we measure the AC/A ratio by tbe gradient method using the Major Amblyoscope, AF was desirable.

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Rats*

No abstract available.

The formation of cysts in the parameatal area has been reported as rare. A parameatal urethral cyst is a congenital anomaly and has been reported even more rarely in adults. In this study, we present two cases of parameatal urethral cyst and aim to investigate their causes and treatment methods. The extent of cyst spread was assessed using a urethroscope prior to cyst excision, and the excision range was determined accordingly. Complete excision of the cyst was performed as the treatment for parameatal urethral cyst. Both patients were adults who presented with urinary symptoms related to the cyst, necessitating the excision of the congenital parameatal urethral cyst.

No abstract available.
Decompression* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Spine* ; Titanium*

Central serous chorioretinopathy is a relatively good prognosis. But certain patients present poor visual outcome. To clarify the courses and factors that affect final visual outcome, 36 patients who did not receive any treatment were studied respectively. The smoke stack type of leakage was more frequently noted in fresh cases. The courses of the disease were similar in spite of difference of type of leakage. The type of leakage did not affect both the initial and final visual acuity. And among the cases with poor visual outcome, there were noted other lesions such as pigment epithelial decompensation, choroidal atrophy and subretinal neovascular membrane.
Atrophy ; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Choroid ; Humans ; Membranes ; Prognosis ; Smoke ; Visual Acuity

Branch retinal vein occlusion is a disease of relatively good prognosis concerning visual acuity. We have studied 33 patients with temporal branch retinal vein occlusion who have not been treated to investigate the cause of branch retinal vein occlusion and poor visual outcome. The possible causes were as follow; Hypertension was found in 25 patients, hyperlipidemia in two, adiposity in one, Diabetes Mellitus in one and unknown causes in 4 patients. Among those twenty five patients who have hypertension, 6 of them showed eleveted systolic blood pressure, while diastolic blood pressure remains normal, suggesting that high systolic pressure might be a more significant factor than diastolic pressure. Poor visual outcome has been found in eight patients. Four as chronic macular edema. Two has preretinal membrane and remaining two has vitreous opacity and macular hole, respectively. In overall, better prognosis has been observed in inferotemporal branch retinal vein occlusion than insuperotemporal branch retinal vein occlusion. Also, patients who did not have macular hemorrhage had better visual outcome than those who had.
Adiposity ; Blood Pressure ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Macular Edema ; Membranes ; Prognosis ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy of sevoflurane inhalation alone, intravenous remifentanil alone, and the combination of sevoflurane inhalation and remifentanil as pretreatment for the prevention of rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement in pediatric patients. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized study, 90 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II pediatric patients aged 3 to 10 years were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: The Group S comprising the patients receiving sevoflurane inhalation, the Group R comprising those doing intravenous remifentanil 0.5 microg/kg and the Group C comprising those doing sevoflurane inhalation+intravenous remifentanil 0.5 microg/kg. The response of the patients was graded based on a 4-point scale. RESULTS: The overall incidence of withdrawal movement on rocuronium injection was 54% (16/30) in the Group S, 57% (17/30) in the Group R and 17% (5/30) in the Group C. There was no significant difference in the incidence of withdrawal movements on rocuronium injection between the Group S and Group R. In addition, the incidence of withdrawal movements and generalized movement on rocuronium injection was significantly lower in the Group C as compared with the Group S and R (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate not only that there was no significant difference in the degree of the effect in lowering the incidence of withdrawal movements on rocuronium injection between sevoflurane inhalation and intravenous remifentanil but also that it was significantly higher when combined with intravenous remifentanil as compared with the single use of sevoflurane inhalation or intravenous remifentanil.
Child* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inhalation* ; Pediatrics ; Prospective Studies