Incontinentia pigmenti is an uncommon genodermatosis. It affects female infants predominantly, described first by Bardach in l925, with the diagnosis of systematized nevus and Bloch in 1926, and Sulzberger in 1928 rnore compIetely. Skin lesions are characterized by 3 stages such as vesicobullous, verucous and finally pigmentary lesions and leave brownish pigmentation on the extremities and trunk. Hesides skin lesions some ectodermaI and mesodermal organs are affected and show developmental abnormalities. We experienced a case of incontinentia pigmenti in a 45-day-old female infant and present it with the review of literature. She showed extensive vesicobullopustular eruption with linear and reticular pigmentation on the extremities and trunk. Clinical and histopathologic findings of these lesions are compatible with Bloch-Sulzberger type of incontinentia pigmenti.
Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Incontinentia Pigmenti* ; Infant ; Mesoderm ; Nevus ; Pigmentation ; Skin

This study was performed to investigate the effect of octreotide on the contractility of rat vas deferens. The -smooth muscle strips isolated from the prostatic portion were myographied in isolated organ bath. Electric -field stimulation (monophasic square wave, duration : 1. mSec, voltage : 50 V, frequency : 5 Hz or 30 Hz, train : 10 Sec) produced reproducible contraction. The contraction was composed of two component, first phasic component (FPC) and second tonicc component (STC).. These contractions were abolished by -tetrodotoxin (1 microM). Octreotide inhibited the field stimulation induced contractions both FPC and STC concentration- dependently. The FPC was decreased by a desentization of purinergic receptor by pretreatment of mATP, and the STC was decreased by pr,,creatment of reserpine (3 mg/kg, EP) 24 hours before experiments. Octreotide reduced the field stimulation induced contraction in the presence of mATP and of reserpinized muscle strips. The inhibitory effect of octreotide was more potent at 5 Hz than at 30 Hz. Octreotide did not affect basal ton and exogenous norepinephrine- or ATP-induced contraction. These results suggest that octreotide inhibit the contractility of the isolated rat vas deferens by inhibition of the release of neurotransmitters, both ATP and norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve terminal.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Baths ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Norepinephrine ; Octreotide* ; Rats* ; Reserpine ; Vas Deferens*

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effectiveness of CPR training for nurses in the 6-sigma course. METHOD: The participants were nurses and doctors who worked in the medical center. For data analysis, the SPSS/PC14.0 program was used. RESULT: The total 11 categories of the primary problems were revealed on the recognition of carrying out CPR by nurses and doctors. After understanding the nurses' CPR knowledge and the practical ability, the survey showed 14.97 points and 67.12 points. After the education, the scores were increased from 14.87 to 23.25 in knowledge and from 67.12 to 93.43 in practical ability. The 6-sigma problem was ended as worked up the management plan and understood the changes over the management improving team. CONCLUSION: This study carries an emphasis on understanding of various CPR performance problems applied with 6-sigma in ward. In addition, improvement activities in relation to policy of hospitals suggest the high possibilities that the application of the improvement activities could be extended into the entire hospitals.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Lifting ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effectiveness of CPR training for nurses in the 6-sigma course. METHOD: The participants were nurses and doctors who worked in the medical center. For data analysis, the SPSS/PC14.0 program was used. RESULT: The total 11 categories of the primary problems were revealed on the recognition of carrying out CPR by nurses and doctors. After understanding the nurses' CPR knowledge and the practical ability, the survey showed 14.97 points and 67.12 points. After the education, the scores were increased from 14.87 to 23.25 in knowledge and from 67.12 to 93.43 in practical ability. The 6-sigma problem was ended as worked up the management plan and understood the changes over the management improving team. CONCLUSION: This study carries an emphasis on understanding of various CPR performance problems applied with 6-sigma in ward. In addition, improvement activities in relation to policy of hospitals suggest the high possibilities that the application of the improvement activities could be extended into the entire hospitals.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Lifting ; Statistics as Topic

This study was undertaken for the clinical analysis and evaluation on 121 patients with incompetent internal os of the cervix, who were admitted and treated with McDonald operation or Shirodkar operation at the Soonchounhyang Medical Center from January 1991 to December 1995. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The incidence of this IIOC was 1.1% of 11,116 cases of total delivery. 2. The mean age of IIOC was 31.7 years old. 3. The average number of gravida was 3.2. 4. The most common contributary factor was previous history of artificial abortion (51.2 %), and midtrimester abortion (17.4 %), cervical laceration due to previous vaginal delivery (8.3 %) etc. was followed. 5. The success rate of operation was 76 %, and the highest success rate (85.7 %) was reveald with period from 15th weeks to 16th weeks of gestation. 6. When cervical dilatation was abscent or small, the success rate of operation was high. 7. The factors of failed operation were preterm labor (58.7 %), PROM (34.5 %), and PIH, bleeding. 8. The delivery method after operation was vaginal delivery in 83 cases (68.6%) and cesarean section in 38 cases (31.4 %).
Cervix Uteri* ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Labor Stage, First ; Lacerations ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second

Periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PV-IVH)is one of the most important neurologic lesion of the low birth weight infants. Serial neurosonographic exeaminations were performed in 113 low birth weight infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Presbyterian Medical Center from November 1, 1990to July 31, 1991. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The incidence of PV-IVH in the study was 54% 2) According to Papile's grading system of PV-IVH, grade I was 32.8%, grade II was 45.9%, grade IIIwas 11.5% and grade IV was 9.8%. 3) The onset of PV-IVH was within the first 7 days of life in 82%. 4) Poor activity, apnea, bradycardia and hypotension were statistically significant clinical findings associated with PV-IVH(P<0.05). 5) The risk factors associated with PV-IVH were gestational age, birth weight, hyaling membrane disease, patent ductus arteriosus and artifical ventilation. 6) The mortality of PV-IVH was 0% for grade I, 10.7% for grade II,42.9% for grade III and 83.3% for gradeIV.
Apnea ; Birth Weight ; Bradycardia ; Diagnosis* ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Membranes ; Mortality ; Protestantism ; Risk Factors ; Ventilation

Acidic primer is the bonding agent which combines the conditioning and priming agent into the single solution and was originally developed for the dentin bonding system. It is less harmful to the tooth structure and more convenient to manipulate than the traditional etching procedure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the shear bond strength of various bonding materials when the enamel is treated with acidic primer for the bracket bonding procedure. Fifty recently extracted human premolars were randomly separated into five groups : Group I using Clearfil Liner Bond 2 adhesive system to the enamel treated with acidic primer, Group II using Transbond XT adhesive system to the enamel treated with acidic primer, Group III using panavia 21 adhesive system to the enamel treated with acidic primer, Group IV using Fuji-Ortho LC adhesive system to the enamel treated with acidic primer, Group V using Transbond XT adhesive system to the enamel treated with 37% phosphoric acid. The shear bond strength was measured with Instron universal testing machine after storing in 37oC water bath for 48 hours. After debonding, the teeth and brackets were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) and assessed with the adhesive remnant index (ARI). The results were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in shear bond strength between group III (8.69 +/- 2.72 MPa), group IV (9.7 +/- 3.16 MPa), and group V (10.48 +/- 2.60 Mpa) (p>0.05). 2. The shear bond strength of group III and group IV was significantly higher than that of group I (1.09 +/- 0.53 Mpa), and Group II (2.70 +/- 1.46Mpa) (p<0.05). 3. The ARI of group IV (2.1 +/- 1.1) and group V (2.9 +/- 0.3) was significantly higher than that of group I (0.2 +/- 0.4), group II (0.3 +/- 0.9) and group III (0.2 +/- 0.4) (p<0.05). 4. There were no significant difference between the ARI of group IV and group V (p>0.05). This result suggests that the combination of acidic primer and some bonding adhesive can provide sufficient shear bond strength for clinical orthodontics.
Adhesives ; Baths ; Bicuspid ; Dental Cements* ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Humans ; Orthodontics ; Tooth ; Water

BACKGROUND: As life span is increasing, so is interest about adult disease. Especially the number of postmenopausal women has increased, and postmenopausal symptoms have become a important problem causing low quality of life. Hormone replacement therapy was introduced to overcome these problems. Authors investigated to evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy on the quality of life of postmenopausal women. METHODS: From April to June 1997, we surveyed 188 postmenopausal women (91 women were on hormone replacement therapy, and 97 women were in the controlled group in Sungnam Central Hospital) with COOP/WONCA chart Korean version. RESULTS: COOP/WONCA chart (Korean version) is composed of seven dimensions, among these four dimensions (change in health, overall health, daily activity and pain) were shown statistically significant difference between two groups. But three dimensions (social activity, physical fitness and feelings) were not shown to be statistically different. Total mean score of COOP/WONCA chart showed statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: To improve the quality of life of postmenopausal women, primary care physician should consider hormone replacement therapy along with proper patient selection and periodic follow up.
Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Menopause* ; Motor Activity ; Patient Selection ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Quality of Life*

The aquatic quality of the Naktong river after two of three months in June, 1991 with phenol spillage from a electrical factory in Kumi was investigated. The samples were collected at six sites of the Naktong river basin and Kachang and Kongsan lakes. Phenol was not detected from all water samples. Turbidity was very much increased to the down stream in the Naktong river. The BOD and COD values exceeded the 2nd grade(3 mg/l) of the Korean standard quality of Environmental Water Act at the all sampling sites of the Naktong river. Especially, the value of COD at Kaejin (12.5 mg/l) was poorly classified as to the 5th grade of water class for the environmental quality standards. Organophosphorous pesticides such as parathion, malathion, fenitrothion and diazinon were investigated but not detected. Diazinon was only detected at the Ilson bridge(1.42 ppb), Okkye stream(6.95 ppb), Waekwan bridge(0.32 ppb), Gangjung reservior(0.13 ppb), Kaejin(0.05 ppb). Of the carbamates such as carbanyl, isoprocarb and cabofuran, the carbofuran was detected all sites except tap water, and Kachang and Kongsan lakes. The content of heavy metals such ans Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Hg were not exceeding for drinking water standards at the all sampling region, but only mecury was detected from Okkye stream(0.018ppb) and Kaejin(0.09ppb). In the regions of Kachang and Kongsan lakes, the content of heavy metals were lower than that of reservoir of Naktong river.
Carbamates ; Carbofuran ; Diazinon ; Drinking Water ; Fenitrothion ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Korea* ; Lakes ; Malathion ; Metals, Heavy ; Parathion ; Pesticides ; Phenol* ; Rivers* ; Water ; Water Quality

BACKGROUND: As the number of malaria patients has increased in Korea, the number of blood donors who are diagnosed as malaria after donation has also increased. And during 1997~2001, ten cases of transfusion-transmitted malaria were reported. We investigated the transfusion safety of blood that was donated by malaria patients before diagnosis. METHODS: For a total of 2,552 malaria patients diagnosed in 2001, blood donation history of past one year before diagnosis was inquired at the beginning of 2002. Then we inquired informations about recipients of the hospitals through the regional Red Cross blood centers. we also inquired development of malaria after transfusion for the recipients in the August of 2002. Malaria antibody test results of donated blood were also analyzed to determine the status of immunity of donors in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Gangwon area. RESULTS: Among 2,552 malaria patients, 162 (6.3%) patients had donated within one year before diagnosis and they were all man. Their blood was processed into 292 units of blood components and supplied to 90 hospitals, where it was transfused 286 patients. Among these 286 patients, no one was diagnosed as malaria until time of database retrieving. Among 162 malaria patient, enzyme immunoassay malaria antibody test results of 107 (66.0%) patients were available, and all were negative. CONCLUSION: No one has developed malaria among the recipients transfused with blood that was donated by malaria patients before diagnosis. Therefore, the infectivity of blood donated before malaria diagnosis is thought to be very low. As antibody to malaria was not produced in some of malaria patients before diagnosis, this finding could be useful for the study of immunology of malaria infection.
Allergy and Immunology ; Blood Donors ; Diagnosis* ; Gangwon-do ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Korea ; Malaria* ; Red Cross ; Seoul ; Tissue Donors