Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by infantile hypotonia, mental retardation, hyperhagia, hypogonadism and obesity. Approximately 60% of all PLW syndrome show an interstitial deletion of chromosome 15, 37% have apparently normal chromosome, and 3.6% have a variety of other abnormalities involving chromosome 15. Diabetes mellitus has been considered a component of PLW syndrome and the incidence is about 7%. We experienced a 17-year-old female who revealed mental retardation, hypogonadism, obesity, and non-insulin dependent type DM, compatible with Prader-Willi syndrome.
Adolescent ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Incidence ; Intellectual Disability ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Obesity ; Prader-Willi Syndrome*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics or the potassium channels existing in the rat urinary bladders. Smooth muscle strips of rat detrusor urinae were examined by isometric myography. Relaxation responses of detrusor muscle strips to the three potassium channel openers pinacidil, a cyanoguanidine derivative, BRL 38227, a benzopyran derivative and RP 52891, a tertrahydrothiopyran derivative were examined. The potassium channel openers reduced the basal tone, and the rank order of potency was RP 52891>pincidil>BRL 38227. Procaine, an inhibitor of the voltage-sensitive potassium channel tended to increase the basal tone, but it did not affect the relaxant effects of the calcium-activated potassium channel opener did not antagonize the relaxant effects, but it reduced the Emax of RP 52891 and BRL 38227. Glibenclamide, an inhibitor of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel, antagonized the relaxant effects of pinacidil, RP 52891 and BRL 38227 reducing the Emax of RP 52891 and BRl 38227. Galanin which inhibits secretion of insulin through opening the ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic β-cells rather increased the basal tone of the isolated detrusor strips. These results suggest that the urinary bladder of the rat has mainly the ATP-sensitive, glibenclamide sensitive potassium channel, which is a different type from that in the pancreatic β-islet cells.
Animals ; Cromakalim ; Galanin ; Glyburide ; Insulin ; KATP Channels ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myography ; Pinacidil ; Potassium Channels* ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; Potassium* ; Procaine ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus*

The deceased was a 6-month-old male infant who was transferred to the hospital due to jaundice and vomiting. During admission, subdural hemorrhage and retinal hemorrhage were observed; additionally, a rib fracture was identified on the previous radiography images, which had eventually healed by the time of the follow-up study. This case was reported to the police, alleging child abuse, which led to a medicolegal dispute between the hospital and the deceased's parents. In addition, bleeding tendency and coagulopathy related to vitamin K deficiency were also found. The past history revealed that the deceased had diarrhea, jaundice, and experienced several episodes of acholic stools, and low levels of vitamin D at birth. On postmortem examination, the brain already revealed liquefactive necrosis, but subdural hemorrhage was still observed. The optic nerves of both eyes revealed hemorrhage with focal retinal hemorrhage.No definite fracture was identified; however, osteopenia was observed in the long bones. The liver showed septal fibrosis and cholestasis which is nearly biliary cirrhosis, and mild dilation of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, suggesting a choledochal cyst. This case illustrates that subdural hemorrhage related to vitamin K deficiency could occur in an infant with a choledochal cyst.When subdural hemorrhage is encountered in a child with what is considered an intentional head injury, the possibility of spontaneous hemorrhage should be excluded.

Two cases of spontaneous kidney rupture with literatural review was presented at first in Korea. 1) 56 years male patient and 25 years male patient admitted to our department of Urology through Emergency Room after onset of 2 and 1 day. after treatment at local clinic. 2) Chief complaints were one side flank pain which was followed by total gross hematuria. 3) Preoperative diagnoses were kidney rupture due to necrotic pelvic tumor in 56 years male and hypernephroma in 25 years male patient. 4) Operation was procedured at 8 days and 4 days after admission respectively. 5) The operative procedure were nephrectomy in both cases. 6) The pathological diagnoses were pelvis rupture due to renal stone and parenchymal rupture due to renal infarction in each case.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Infarction ; Kidney* ; Korea ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Pelvis ; Rupture ; Rupture, Spontaneous* ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Urology

Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is currently implicated as the most common and otentially serious viral respiratory pathogen of young infants. Apnea in association with RSV infection occurred in about 18% of the infants. Premature birth and a young postnatal age were risk factors for development of apnea with RSV disease. We experienced a case of RSV infection in a 37 day-old premature girl. The presenting complaint was apnea, with respiratory signs and symptoms developing later. She required mechanical ventilation.
Apnea* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Premature Birth ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses* ; Risk Factors

Medicolegal autopsy is a vital tool for obtaining reliable injury mortality data. This study statistically analyzed data obtained from medicolegal autopsies performed in Korea in 2013. The aim of this study was to analyze various aspects of the 4,861 deaths that were categorized as unusual in Korea in 2013. A total of 4,861 deaths were analyzed by gender, age, manner of death, and cause of death. Of the 4,861 deaths, 3,542 (73.3%) were of men and 1,302 (26.7%) were of women. With respect to the manner of death, 54.4% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 38.8% were natural deaths, and 6.9% had unknown causes. Of the 2,642 unnatural deaths, 45.0% were determined to be accidental deaths, 26.3% suicidal, 16.9% homicidal, and 11.8% undetermined. Of the total number of unnatural deaths, 42.1% were trauma-related deaths, for which falling down accounted for 33.8%. Asphyxiation accounted for 16.0% of unnatural deaths, and of these, the predominant cause was hanging (58.8%). In addition, 14.4% of deaths were due to drowning, 12.9% poisoning, 11.0% thermal injuries, 1.8% complications arising from medical procedures, and 0.8% electrocution, starvation, or neglect. Among the 1,886 natural deaths, heart diseases accounted for 52.0% and vascular diseases accounted for 16.9%. Of the 196 deaths among children under the age of 10 years, 41.8% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 45.1% were natural deaths, and 1.5% had unknown causes.
Autopsy* ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Drowning ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality ; Poisoning ; Starvation ; Vascular Diseases

BACKGROUND: Several stents are now available for the treatment of failed or suboptimal angioplasty. However, one of the limitations of stents is difficult to deploy especially in tortuous vessels, lesions at a bend, and distal to previously deployed stents. The AVE Micro-II stent has a very low profile(1.65mm), optimum radio-opacity, and highly flexible properties. It is mounted on a semi-compliant balloon with a monorail delivery system. Therefore, it is easy to operate and feasible in tortuous, distal lesions and variety of lesion lengths. We report clinical outcomes and angiographic follow up results of AVE Micro-II stent. METHODS: Between January 1996 and September 1996, 77 patients were stented with the AVE Micro-II stent. Six-months follow-up angiogram was performed in 57 patients(64 lesions, follow-up rate : 74%). RESULTS: The overall angiographic restenosis rate was 26.6%. By univariable analysis, the rate of restenosis was significantly higher for stents in angulated lesions, in smaller post-stent luminal diameter, in the left anterior descending artery lesion than the right coronary artery, in ostial lesion(p=0.02), in peristent dissecting lesions(p=0.02), in tortuous proximal vessels(p=0.03). Stenting of angulated lesions(p=0.0001, Odds ratio=54.64), small post-stent luminal diameter(p=0.01, Odds ratio=5.46), and the left anterior descending artery than the right coronary artery(p=0.03, Odds ratio=17.2) were the strong independent predictors of restenosis in a multiple logistic regression analysis. Event-free survival(freedom from death, myocardial infarction or revascularization) was 80.7% at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The AVE Micro-II stent can be placed safely and efficiently. 2) The angiographic restenosis rate was 26.6%, and 80.7% of patients remained free of cardiovascular events at 6 months. 3) Stenting of angulated lesions, small post-stent luminal diameter, and the left anterior descending artery than the right coronary artery are associated with higher rates of restenosis.
Angioplasty ; Arteries ; Coronary Vessels ; Disease-Free Survival ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Myocardial Infarction ; Phenobarbital ; Stents*

BACKGROUND: Despite of the first coronary wallstent implantation ushered in the new era in interventional cardiology with the purpose of circumventing the two major limitation of coronary balloon angioplasty, early acute occlusion and late restenosis, however, previous investigators suggested the high rate of subacute occlusion after original wallstent implantation. Recently the low incidence of the subacute closure and restenosis rate with the newely modified less shortening coronary wallstent in native coronary artery and in aortocoronary vein grafts were reported. In this study we report the acute and 6 months follow up results with less shortening coronary wall stent in 32 patients. METHODS: Thirty two patients were enrolled from March 1996 through February 1997 at the Yonsei cardiovascular center of Yonsei University. The specific angiographic criteria for enrollment included at least 70% stenosis and a lesion that was 20mm or more in length and a vessel diameter of at least 2.5mm. Enteric coated aspirin(100mg daily) and ticlopidine(500mg daily) at least 3 days before the procedure and received continuous infusion of 24,000U of heparin for 1day after the procedure. Angiography was performed in two orthogonal views at pre, post procedure and 6months later. Quantitative analysis was performed with the use of the electronic caliper comparing to the empty catheter. All continuous variables were expressed as mean SD and analyzed with the t-test. Differences between groups were analyzed with Chi-square analysis and Fishers Exact test where appropriate. RESULTS: The newly modified Coronary Less Shortening Wallstents were successfully implanted in all the 35 diffuse coronary lesions(more than 20mm in length) of the 32 patients, including 15 pts of acute myocardial infarction, 14 pts of unstable angina, and 3 pts of stable angina. Average 6 months follow up angiography was performed in 26 patients. Immediate angiographic results with Less Shortening Wallstent comparing with 6 months follow up were 3.0+/-0.4mm and 1.7+/-0.9mm in minimal luminal diameter(MLD), 5.1+/-9.1% and 46.8+/-25.8% in diameter stenosis(DS). During the in-hospital phase, no major cardiac event occurred except 2 cases of transmural myocardial infarction, including one of stent thrombosis(3.1%) and one of side branch occlusion, despite of inclusion of 7 cases of threatened occlusion in the long lesion. The restenosis rate at follow up angiography was 30.7%(8/26 pts). The restenosis rate was higher in patients with stent insertion into right coronary artery or adjuvant high pressure oversize ballooning after stent insertion but not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggested that new Less Shortening Wallstent might reduce the requirement of multiple stent in the long lesion and a lower rate of subacute thrombotic occlusion in comparison to the reports with its prototype. Restenosis rate was not significantly different from other types of stents. Althouth the restenosis rate was high in patients with stent insertion, there was no statistical significance probably due to small sample size. But further large scale long term follow-up study is needed to evaluate the role of new Less Shortening Wallstent.
Angina, Stable ; Angina, Unstable ; Angiography ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Cardiology ; Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Heparin ; Humans ; Incidence ; Myocardial Infarction ; Phenobarbital ; Research Personnel ; Sample Size ; Stents ; Transplants ; Veins

Authors experienced an anesthesia for aortorenal shunt operation for renovascular hypertension caused by atherosclerosis in a 38-year-old male. Tracheal topical anesthesia with 4% lidocaine was performed prior to induction of anesthesia with intravenous thiopental sodium and nitrous oxide-oxygen by mask. Semiclosed circle system with nitrous oxide-oxygen-halothane was used in the maintenance of anesthesia. Blood pressure and pulse rate were increased during manipulation of perirenal tissues in spite of administration of high concentration of halothane with nitrous oxide-oxygen and controlled respiration under positive pressure.
Adult ; Anesthesia* ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Pressure ; Halothane ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension, Renovascular* ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Masks ; Respiration ; Thiopental