BACKGROUND: The high concentration of plasma total homocysteine is recently considered an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to provide reference ranges for plasma homocysteine levels and to investigate the relationship between plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy Korean men. METHODS: Anthropometric parameters, alcohol intake, cigarette use and nutrient intake were determined in 166 healthy men within a wide age range(30-69 yr). Serum levels of lipids, glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT), plasma amino acid concentrations and levels of antioxidant nutrients and enzymes were also measured. Hyperhomocysteinemia was defined as plasma homocysteine levels above the 90th percentile(> or =15micromol/L) of respective plasma homocysteine distribution in study subjects. Characteristics of hyperhomocysteinemic men(n=16) were compared to normohomocys- teinemic men(n=16) matched for age and body mass index. RESULTS: Plasma total homocysteine values ranged from 2.4 to 38.1micromol/L, a skewed, right-tailed distribution. The homocysteine levels of 25th, 50th and 75th percentile were 7.02, 9.61 and 12.4micromol/L, respectively. The mean concentration of plasma total homocysteine was 10.7micromol/L. Plasma total homocysteine level was positively correlated to body mass index, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and alcohol intake, but negatively correlated to serum bata-carotene concentration. In multivariate analysis, serum triglyceride level was the strongest determinant of plasma total homocysteine concentration. There were no significant differences between two groups in waist to hip ratio, alcohol intake, cigarette use, blood pressure and serum levels of glucose and insulin during OGTT. Hyperhomocysteinemic men had significantly higher mean values of serum triglyceride(258mg/dl), total cholesterol(226mg/dl), and LDL-cholesterol(140mg/dl) than normohomocysteinemic men. Hyperhomocysteinemic men showed a decrease in lipid corrected values of serum bata-carotene and alpha-tocopherol and plasma concentrations of serine and taurine, when compared to normohomocysteinemic men. The mean intakes of vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12 and bata-carotene tended to decline by 25-30% in hyper- homocysteinemic group, when compared to normohomocysteinemic group. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that healthy Korean men with hyperhomocys- teinemia show signs of hyperlipidemia and decreased antioxidants nutrients and these factors increase risk for coronary artery disease. In addition, hyperhomocysteinemia may affect amino acid metabolism related to homocysteine.
alpha-Tocopherol ; Antioxidants ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Folic Acid ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Homocysteine* ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; Hyperlipidemias ; Insulin ; Male ; Metabolism ; Multivariate Analysis ; Plasma* ; Reference Values ; Risk Factors* ; Serine ; Taurine ; Tobacco Products ; Triglycerides ; Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamin B 6 ; Waist-Hip Ratio

No abstract available.
Hemophilia A* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Osteoma, Osteoid* ; Tetracycline*

The spondylolysis is a defective ossification in the pars interarticularis of the neural arches without displacement of the vertebral body. The authors analysed 810 lumbar spines of adult Korean laborers on the basis examined to determine the anatomic characteristics of spondylolysis. The following results were obtained. 1. The overall incidence in laborer was 6.8%. 2. The most frequent site of the involvement was the fifth lumbar vertebra. of radiologic study and 3. Spina bifida in spodylolysis was approximately 1.7 times as frequent as is normally expected. 4. Lumbarization in spondylolysis was approximately 5.8 times as frequent as is normally expected. 5. Sacralization was not found in 55 cases of spondylolysis.
Adult ; Humans ; Incidence ; Spinal Dysraphism ; Spine ; Spondylolysis

We studied thirteen, all male, patients who had trans-scaphoid perilunar dislocation(stage I, 5 cases) and dislocation of lunate(stage IV, 8 cases). Age of patient was ranged from 25 years to 49 years(avr. 36 years)and the most common cause of injury was fall down(6 cases, 46%). Seven acute cases, diagnosed and treated within 3 weeks from injury, were treated by open reduction and K-wire fixation(5 cases), and K-wire fixation and bone graft(1 case) and Herbert screw for fracture of scaphoid(1 case). Six chronic cases diagnosed and treated after 3 weeks from injury were treated by open reduction and K-wire fixation(1 case), K-wire fixation and bone graft(1 case), removal of lunate(2 cases), and arthroplasty using muscle after removal of lunate(2 cases). Thirteen cases were followed up for average 33 months(from 13 months to 81 months). Grip power was evaluated as excellent or good in 8 cases and fair in 5 cases. Range of motion of wrist joint was decreased 21 degrees in flexion, 22 degrees in extension, 4 degrees in ulnar deviation, and 5 degrees in radial deviation of wrist joint, compared with uninjured side. Carpal height and carpal height ratio were decreased to 33.1 and 0.51, compared with normal 35.8(p=0.001) and 0.55(P < 0.001), respectively. Between 2 groups of acute and chronic cases, no significant differences were noted in carpal height or carpal height ratio. The surgical treatment of perilunar fracture-dislocation has not simple option, therefore, we would recommend the early diagnosis and exact anatomical reduction.
Arthroplasty ; Dislocations ; Early Diagnosis ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Male ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Wrist Joint

No abstract available.
Endocrinology* ; Metabolism*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of nurse's work interruptions. METHODS: Walker and Avant's concept analysis method was used to analyze this concept. Relevant articles published before August 2018 were searched through MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, KISS, and RISS databases using “interruption,” “work or task,” and “nurse” as keywords. RESULTS: The attributes of work interruption by nurses were as follows: 1) new tasks to do; 2) cognitive transition of work priorities; 3) loss of work continuity; 4) tasks to be resumed. The antecedents of work interruption were intrusion of unplanned events, internal and external factors that result in nurses forgetting their original intentions, an unpredictable work environment, and cultural climate where interruptions are considered as a part of the work process. The consequences of work interruption were decline in job satisfaction, trigger of work errors, lengthening of work completion time, decline in work productivity, increase in work stress, and delay of transferring needed information in a timely manner. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide basic data to reduce the negative consequences of nurses' work interruptions, and contribute to expanding the knowledge necessary for improving patients' safety and nurses' performance.
Climate ; Efficiency ; Intention ; Job Satisfaction ; Methods ; Walkers ; Work Performance

No abstract available.
Cholesterol* ; Triglycerides*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effect of head nurses' emotional leadership as perceived by nurses in the relationship between nurses' job stress and job satisfaction. METHODS: Study participants were 278 staff nurses currently working at two university hospitals in Busan, Korea. SPSS/WIN 21.0 program was used for data analysis to analyze descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The significance level was set at p<.05. RESULTS: Nurses' job satisfaction had a significant correlation with job stress (r=-.31, p<.001) and emotional leadership of nurse managers as perceived by nurses (r=.53, p<.001). Also, head nurses' emotional leadership experienced by nurses had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between nurses' job stress and job satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that the nurse managers' emotional leadership has an important influence on nurses' job stress and job satisfaction. Therefore, head nurses' emotional leadership is very important for effective human resource management and the hospital should offer education and training to booster head nurses' leadership by developing emotional intelligence to promote staff job satisfaction.
Busan ; Education ; Emotional Intelligence ; Head* ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction* ; Korea ; Leadership* ; Negotiating* ; Nurse Administrators ; Statistics as Topic

Incarceration of the gravid uterus is a rare but serious complication of pregnancy. Reported is the case of a gravid 2, para 0, abortus 1 with known uterine subserosal myoma(5.3 x5.5cm sized) 26-year-old woman presented with acute dysuria and urinary retention. The patient was 14 weeks and 3 days pregnant and presented several week history of urinary frequency and sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. Examination revealed a retroflexed uterus with cervical opening pointing toward the anterior abdominal wall. An ultrasound revealed a thin, elongated maternal bladder and a uterus incarcerated between the sacral promontary and the pubis. The incarceration was successfully reduced by tenaculum traction of the cervical posterior lip without surgical intervention and had a normal infant of appropriate weight at term.
Abdominal Wall ; Adult ; Dysuria ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Leiomyoma ; Lip ; Myoma* ; Pregnancy ; Sensation ; Traction ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Retention ; Uterine Retroversion ; Uterus*