OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluate the differences in the pedicle screw pull-out strength between an unaugmented screw and a screw augmented by high pressurized PMMA in an embalmed human lumbar cadaveric spine. METHODS: Pedicle screws were inserted in the 50 pedicles of cadaver lumbar spine after measuring the bone mineral density(BMD) of the specimens. The pedicle screw was inserted without augmentation on the left pedicle and with augmentation by a vertebral reconstruction with high pressurized PMMA on the right side. The pedicle screw was inserted before the hardening of bone cement on the right side. A computed tomographic scan was done to evaluate the location of the PMMA and PMMA/ screw interface. After that, a screw pullout strength test was performed. RESULTS: There were positive correlations between the pull-out strength and BMD in the control group (r=0.7339). The average pull-out strength of the augmented group was 168% greater than that of the control group(p<0.05). The pull-out strength of the augmented group was correlated with in the volume of the PMMA. CONCLUSION: A pedicle screw that is augmented with PMMA will provide a more rigid fixation than that of an unaugmented screw, especially in the low BMD group of the specimens.
Cadaver* ; Humans ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Spine

No abstract available.
Deoxyglucose* ; Shock*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Pre-Eclampsia* ; Proteinuria*

This study was accompolished to analyze and compare the number and area of the occlusal contact points in healthy volunteers and athletes with normal occlusion. For this study, 15 athletes(13 amles and 2 females with average age 20) and 21 healthy volunteers(14 mles and 7 females with average age 20.09) were selected. The visual display acquired by scanning of occlusal record in maximal intercuspation was converted into 16 gray value image. Then, using computer program (J &Lee Occlusal Analyser), the pixel which was in definite range of the gray value was recognized, and the numbers of recognized pixel were claculated to area. The results were as follows ; 1. The average numbers of total occlusal contact points were 31.05 in control group, and 34.67 in athlete group. The average area of total occlusal contacts was 100.25mm2in control group, and 127.78mm2in athlete group. 2. In control group, the average numbers of occlusal contact points were revealed in order as follows ; the first molar(8.48), the second molar(8.24), the second premolar(4.71), the lateral incisor(2.90), the first premor(2.43), the central incisor(2.19), and the canine(2.1). The least average in canine(2.1) was similar to the average(2.19) in central incisor and (2.09) in lateral incisor. In athlete group, the average numbers of occlusal contact points were revealed in order as follows ; the first molar(8.87), the second molar(8.47), the second premolar(5.60), the canine(3.80), the lateral incisor(3.33), the first premolar(2.67), and the central insicor(1.93). 3. In control group, the average areas of occlusal contact surface were revealed in order as follows ; the first molar(39.47mm2), the second molar(37.54mm2), the second premolar(9.54mm2) the first premolar(6.18mm2), canine(3.49mm2), the central incisor(3.7mm2), and the central incisor(2.25mm2). 4. With aging in both control and athlete group, there was a decreasing tendancy in average number of occlusal contact point, and was an increasing tendancy in average area of occlusal contact surface. In comparison at each age, both the numbers and area of occlusal contact were greater in athlete group than in control group. It was not significant in the numbers of occlusal contact points beween athlete and control group(p>0.1), but significant in the area of occlusal contact surface(p<0.05). 5. In comparision as to the kind of sports(Gymnastics : 2, Rugby : 3, Soccor : 5, Ice hocky : 5), the numbers of occlusal contact points were the most in ice hocky, and the area of occlusal contact surface was the greatest in gymnastics. With increasing a career in athlete group, there was a decreasing tendancy in average numbers of occiusal contact points and was an increasing tendancy in average area of occlusal contact surface. 6. By T-scan analyzing, the contact numbers on the anterior teeth were greater in control group than in athlete group, and on the posterior teeth were greater in athlete group than in control group. And the results acquired by T-scan were lesser than that caquired by the silicone bite records. It was not significant in the posterior teeth, but significant in the anterior teeth. In T-scan records, the numbers of occlusal contact points on second molar were the greatest, but in the silicone records, the numbers on first molar were the greatest.
Aging ; Athletes* ; Female ; Football ; Gymnastics ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Ice ; Incisor ; Molar ; Silicones ; Tooth ; Volunteers*

This investigation was performed to evaluate Doppler mitral valve flow velocity profiles in hypertensive heart disease for the detection of the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction which preceded the systolic dysfunction. Doppler derived parameters included; the duration of the early diastolic flow velocity peak(DF duration), the downward slope of the early diastolic flow velocity peak (EF slope) and the ratio between the height of the early and the late diastolic flow velocity peak (E-E'/A-A'). Doppler flow velocity profiles were measured in 19 normotensive subjects and 28 hypertensive patients. We found decreased EF slope in hypertensive patients (3.6+/-1.4./sec) in comparison with normotensive subjects (5.2+/-2.4m/sec) (p<0.01). In hypertensive patients, E-E'/A-A' value was significantly lower (0.8+/-0.2) than that of normotensive subjects (1.6+/-0.4)(p<0.001). DF duration was similar in both groups. In conclusion, we found that Doppler mitral valve flow velocity profiles, EF slope and E-E'/A-A', were decreased in hypertensive patients, which may be due to the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.
Echocardiography* ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Mitral Valve*

Kerion celsi caused by Trichophyton(T.) rubrum is rare endemically and there has been no report of it in Korean literatures. We report a case of karion celsi caused by T. rubrum in a 71-year-old male, who showed anindurated, swollen, boggy mass exuding pus on the right parietal scalp for about 7 weeks. The colonies and microconidia were identified as T. rubrum by fungus culture in potato dextrose agar. After administration of itraconazole for 11 weeks, the lesion was healed and the regrowing of new hairs was observed.
Adult* ; Agar ; Aged ; Fungi ; Glucose ; Hair ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; Male ; Rabeprazole ; Scalp ; Solanum tuberosum ; Suppuration ; Tinea Capitis* ; Trichophyton*

There is a controversy in patella retention or resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) till today. Authors studied 52 cases of 45 patients recieved total knee arthroplasty with patella retention (Group 1, twenty-five cases) or patella resurfacing (Group 2, twenty-seven cases) in patients with osteoarthritis. All operations were done by senior surgeon and the implants used were LCS type (33 cases), AMK type (12 cases), Genesis type (5 cases) and Tricon M type (2 cases). The indications of patella retention were small patella, nearly normal articular cartilage, minimal pre-operative patellofemoral pain, poor patellar bone quality and young patients. Patella retention were performed only with LCS prosthesis, which patella groove of the femoral component is deep and anatomical. The operative approaches used were medial parapatella approach in neutral or varus knee and lateral parapatella approch for severe valgus knee and tilting or lateral subluxation of the patella. The mean follow-up period was 24 months (range 12 months to 5 years). The method for clinical evaluation was Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee scoring (consisted of pain, function, range of motion). The method for radiographical evaluation was Knee societys radiologic evaluation system for tibial and femoral alignment, and Keblishs method for patello-femoral congruence. The clinical HSS knee score was average 90.9 points in both groups, and 91.9 points in group 1, 90.0 points in group 2, and there was no statistically difference in HSS knee score between the two groups (P<0.05). The radiologic results had no significant difference in alignment and patello-femoral congruence between the two groups (P<0.05). But the complications were one case of patella fracture, one patella tendon rupture, one anterior instability and two cases of infection in group 2. In conclusion, the results of both groups were satisfactory. We think that it have relation to strict selection of the patients for patella retension and the use of prosthesis that the patella groove of femoral component is deep and anatomical.
Arthroplasty* ; Cartilage, Articular ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee* ; Osteoarthritis ; Patella* ; Patellar Ligament ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rupture

No abstract available.
Budd-Chiari Syndrome ; Humans

To explore the relationship between economic status and food and nutrient intake patterns, the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey result was analyzed. Dietary intake data of 6,978 Korean adults of 20 years and older who participated in the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey were used along with their demographic data. Economic status of the subjects was classified into the following 4 groups based on the self-reported average monthly income of household with reference to the minimum monthly living expenses (MLE) in 2001: low<100% MLE < or = middle<200% MLE < or = high<300% MLE < or = higher. Individuals in the higher income class had significantly higher mean intake for most of the nutrients including energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, calcium, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C, and a higher percentage of energy intake from fat. In addition, they consumed more animal foods including meats, eggs, fish/shellfish, milk/dairy products and fats. On the other hand, the mean intakes of individuals in the lower economic class for calcium, vitamin A, and riboflavin were lower than 75% of RDAs. And, there was a predominant difference in contribution of fat to total energy intake among the groups of different economic status. These results showed that household income is an important factor influencing the food and nutrient intake patterns of the Korean adult population. Although individuals at different age classes may respond differently to a change in economic status, developing and implementing nutrition policy and intervention programs for those nutritionally vulnerable groups should consider the economic status as an important factor to customize and differentiate the content of the program.
Adult* ; Animals ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Eggs ; Energy Intake ; Family Characteristics ; Fats ; Hand ; Humans ; Meat ; Niacin ; Nutrition Policy ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Ovum ; Riboflavin ; Vitamin A