Background: Owing to the use of tobacco and the consumption of alcohol and adulterated food, worldwide cancer incidence is increasing at an alarming and frightening rate. Since the last decade of the twentieth century, lung can-cer has been the most common cancer type. This study aimed to determine the global status of lung cancer and to evaluate the use of computational methods in the early detection of lung cancer. Methods: We used lung cancer data from the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US), India, and Egypt. For statistical analysis, we used incidence and mortality as well as survival rates to better understand the critical state of lung cancer. Results: In the UK and the US, we found a significant decrease in lung cancer mortalities in the period of 1990–2014, whereas, in India and Egypt, such a decrease was not much promising. Additionally, we observed that, in the UK and the US, the survival rates of women with lung cancer were higher than those of men. We observed that the data min-ing and evolutionary algorithms were efcient in lung cancer detection. Conclusions: Our findings provide an inclusive understanding of the incidences, mortalities, and survival rates of lung cancer in the UK, the US, India, and Egypt. The combined use of data mining and evolutionary algorithm can be efcient in lung cancer detection.

Objectives: Preoperative nervousness and anxiety are frequently encountered by individuals who undergo extractions of impacted wisdom teeth. The aim of the present study is to evaluate salivary alpha amylase (sAA) level in patients for assessment of stress during third molar surgery while listening to piano music and to determine its co-relation with pain catastrophizing scale (PCS). Materials and Methods: Seven patients (four males and three females) indicated for surgical extraction of bilaterally impacted mandibular third molars were included. Pre-surgical patient assessments were completed, and three samples of saliva were collected during surgery—one at baseline, one 30 minutes after commencement of surgery, and one after suturing. Assessment was performed on both sides separately with and without piano music, and the samples were assessed for sAA level and correlated with the patient’s self-reported PCS. Results: Statistically significant results were obtained in patients who underwent surgical extraction while listening to piano music (p=0.046). The correlation of sAA level with PCS was not significant. Conclusion Music demonstrated a beneficial effect on lowering the levels of stress and anxiety that a patient exhibits during any surgical procedure, and sAA can be a useful biomarker for similar assessments.

Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are popular for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Various approaches have been employed to produce ASDs and novel techniques are emerging. This review provides an updated overview of manufacturing techniques for preparing ASDs. As physical stability is a critical quality attribute for ASD, the impact of formulation, equipment, and process variables, together with the downstream processing on physical stability of ASDs have been discussed. Selection strategies are proposed to identify suitable manufacturing methods, which may aid in the development of ASDs with satisfactory physical stability.