2.Antimicrobial Activity of Emilia sonchifolia DC., Tridax procumbens L. and Vernonia cinerea L. of Asteracea Family: Potential as Food Preservatives
Yoga Latha L ; Darah I ; Sasidharan S ; Jain K
Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 2009;15(2):223-231
Chemical preservatives have been used in the food industry for many years.
However, with increased health concerns, consumers prefer additive-free products
or food preservatives based on natural products. This study evaluated
antimicrobial activities of extracts from Emilia sonchifolia L. (Common name: lilac
tassel flower), Tridax procumbens L. (Common name: tridax daisy) and Vernonia
cinerea L. (Common name: Sahadevi), belonging to the Asteracea family, to explore
their potential for use against general food spoilage and human pathogens so
that new food preservatives may be developed. Three methanol extracts of
these plants were tested in vitro against 20 bacterial species, 3 yeast species, and
12 filamentous fungi by the agar diffusion and broth dilution methods. The V.
cinerea extract was found to be most effective against all of the tested organisms
and the methanol fraction showed the most significant (p < 0.05) antimicrobial
activity among all the soluble fractions tested. The minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MICs) of extracts determined by the broth dilution method ranged
from 1.56 to 100.00mg/mL. The MIC of methanol fraction was the lowest in
comparison to the other four extracts. The study findings indicate that bioactive
natural products from these plants may be isolated for further testing as leads in
the development of new pharmaceuticals in food preservation as well as natural
plant-based medicine.
3.Pesticide poisoning – an epidemiological and histopathological study.
Nigam MK ; Jain BB ; Banerjee U ; Roy DG ; Chatterjee S.
Pacific Journal of Medical Sciences 2013;12(1):3-9
The objectives of this hospital based cross-sectional study were to evaluate the socio-demographic profile, manner of death and histopathological changes in the lungs, liver and kidneys of individuals who died of pesticide poisoning. All fatal cases of pesticide poisoning from February 2011 to January 2012 were evaluated. Socio-demographic profile, type of exposure and manner of death were recorded for each of the cases. Autopsy was performed with detailed internal and external examinations. Random portion of Lung, Liver and Kidney were collected and fixed in 10.0% Formalin. Hematoxylin and Eosin stained sections were examined and findings recorded.
The total number of deaths due to fatal pesticide poisoning was 9.6%. Highest frequency of poisoning (23.4%) was seen in the age group 20 - 29 years. The peak time of consumption of poisoning was between 6.00am and 12.00noon. The manner of poisoning was suicidal in majority of the cases. Histological findings indicated that congestion was the most common histopathological change; being observed in 60.0%, 66.0% and 74.0% of cases of liver, lung and kidney respectively. Histopathological features are supportive in establishing the diagnosis but further studies with larger sample size may be more illuminative in explaining the histopathological changes occurring due to these chemicals.
4.First rib fractures: not always a hallmark of severe trauma---a report of three cases.
Atin JAISWAL ; Yashwant S TANWAR ; Masood HABIB ; Vijay JAIN
Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2013;16(4):251-253
According to medical literature, fracture of the first rib is quite rare and the bilateral condition is especially rare. This type of fracture is usually associated with severe intrathoracic trauma and other bony or neurovascular injuries, thus can be considered as a harbinger of major trauma. However here we present three cases of low velocity first rib fractures without any major trauma or multisystem injuries. All the three patients were treated conservatively and did well on simple analgesics and rest and had no early or late complications. It can be seen that not all the first rib fractures are associated with major trauma or multisystem injuries. There is a variant of first rib fracture with low velocity injuries which is not associated with any major complications in contrast to majority of first rib fractures associated with high velocity injuries. Causative factor of such injuries may be violent muscular contraction of scalenus anterior or serratus anterior, but not direct trauma.
Accidental Falls
;
Accidents, Traffic
;
Adult
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Multiple Trauma
;
Rib Fractures
;
diagnosis
;
therapy
5.Reader's Forum
Shubhra JAIN ; Sanjeev VERMA ; S P SINGH
The Korean Journal of Orthodontics 2018;48(1):1-2
6.Clinical outcome of perioperative airway and ventilatory management in patients undergoing surgery for oral cavity cancer: a prospective observational study
Souvik MUKHERJEE ; Anuj JAIN ; Seema S VAISHALI ; Vaishali WAINDESKAR
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2024;50(3):146-152
Objectives:
This prospective observational study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of perioperative airway and ventilatory management in patients undergoing surgery for oral cavity cancer. The study described the frequencies and types of procedures for securing the airway and the duration and types of postoperative ventilatory support. We compared the findings with those of the TRACHY study.
Patients and Methods:
One hundred patients undergoing oral cavity oncological surgeries were included. Airway assessment included inter-incisor gap, Mallampati class, neck movements, and radiological features. Surgical parameters, postoperative ventilatory support, and complications were documented.
Results:
The buccal mucosa was the most common cancer site (48.0%), and direct laryngoscopy was deemed difficult in 58.0% of patients. Awake fibreoptic intubation or elective tracheostomy was required in 43.0% of cases. Thirty-three patients were extubated on the table, and 34 patients were successfully managed with a delayed extubation strategy. In comparison with the TRACHY study, variations were observed in demographic parameters, tumour characteristics, and surgical interventions. Our mean TRACHY score was 1.38, and only five patients had a score ≥4. Prophylactic tra-cheostomy was performed in 2.0% of cases, in contrast to the TRACHY study in which 42.0% of patients underwent the procedure.
Conclusion
The study emphasizes the challenges in airway management for oral cavity cancer surgery. While prophylactic tracheostomy may be necessary in specific cases, individualized approaches, including delayed extubation, are preferrable to maximize safety. Our findings contribute to better understanding and managing perioperative challenges in oral cancer patients and highlight the need for personalized strategies. Scoring systems like TRACHY should not be accepted as universally applicable.
7.Cutaneous lesions in colorectal carcinoma: a rare presentation.
Vinay G ZANWAR ; Sunil V PAWAR ; Samit S JAIN ; Chitra S NAYAK ; Pravin M RATHI
Intestinal Research 2016;14(1):102-103
No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms*
8.Disseminated cytomegalovirus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an elderly patient.
Preetesh JAIN ; Suhair A AL SALIHI ; Rodrigo HASBUN ; Harinder S JUNEJA ; Nghia D NGUYEN ; Modupe IDOWU
Blood Research 2016;51(4):288-290
No abstract available.
Aged*
;
Humans
;
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic*
9.Predictors of Readmission after Inpatient Plastic Surgery.
Umang JAIN ; Christopher SALGADO ; Lauren MIOTON ; Aksharananda RAMBACHAN ; John Y S KIM
Archives of Plastic Surgery 2014;41(2):116-121
BACKGROUND: Understanding risk factors that increase readmission rates may help enhance patient education and set system-wide expectations. We aimed to provide benchmark data on causes and predictors of readmission following inpatient plastic surgery. METHODS: The 2011 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset was reviewed for patients with both "Plastics" as their recorded surgical specialty and inpatient status. Readmission was tracked through the "Unplanned Readmission" variable. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared using chi-squared analysis and Student's t-tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis was used for identifying predictors of readmission. RESULTS: A total of 3,671 inpatient plastic surgery patients were included. The unplanned readmission rate was 7.11%. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (odds ratio [OR], 2.01; confidence interval [CI], 1.12-3.60; P=0.020), previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (OR, 2.69; CI, 1.21-5.97; P=0.015), hypertension requiring medication (OR, 1.65; CI, 1.22-2.24; P<0.001), bleeding disorders (OR, 1.70; CI, 1.01-2.87; P=0.046), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 3 or 4 (OR, 1.57; CI, 1.15-2.15; P=0.004), and obesity (body mass index > or =30) (OR, 1.43; CI, 1.09-1.88, P=0.011) to be significant predictors of readmission. CONCLUSIONS: Inpatient plastic surgery has an associated 7.11% unplanned readmission rate. History of COPD, previous PCI, hypertension, ASA class 3 or 4, bleeding disorders, and obesity all proved to be significant risk factors for readmission. These findings will help to benchmark inpatient readmission rates and manage patient and hospital system expectations.
Dataset
;
Hemorrhage
;
Humans
;
Hypertension
;
Inpatients*
;
Obesity
;
Patient Education as Topic
;
Patient Readmission
;
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
;
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
;
Quality Improvement
;
Risk Factors
;
Surgery, Plastic*
;
Track and Field
10.The Upper Esophageal Sphincter Distensibility Index Measured Using Functional Lumen Imaging Probe Identifies Defective Barrier Function of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter
Lucie F CALDERON ; Meredith KLINE ; Marc HERSH ; Kevin P SHAH ; Suprateek KUNDU ; Andrew TKACZUK ; Nancy MCCOLLOCH ; Anand S JAIN
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2022;28(3):463-473
Background/Aims:
The mechanism via which supra-esophageal symptoms are generated is unclear. We assessed upper esophageal sphincter (UES) function in novel fashion using functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) topography. We hypothesize that symptoms related to aspiration of esophageal contents may be associated with a more distensible UES.
Methods:
FLIP and reflux symptom index score data from patients undergoing diagnostic evaluation for an esophageal complaint over a 10-month period were analyzed retrospectively. UES distensibility on FLIP was studied at 40-70 mL volumes with in-depth analysis at 50 and 60 mL. Symptoms were compared between patients with low, middle, and high UES-distensibility index (UES-DI). Receiveroperating characteristic analysis was performed to determine associations between the UES-DI and individual reflux symptom index symptom item scores.
Results:
One hundred and eleven subjects were included. Overall, the associations between UES-DI and symptoms that could be related to supra-esophageal aspiration were strongest at the 50 mL FLIP volume. Choking item score was highest in the high UES-DI group (2.8) vs 1.4 (P < 0.001) in the middle UES-DI and 1.1 (P = 0.004) in the low UES-DI groups. Similarly, the cough item score was highest in the high UES-DI group (2.7) vs 1.5 (P = 0.009) and 0.9 (P = 0.002) groups.
Conclusion
A higher UES-DI measures defective barrier function which could may be the main pathophysiology that generates supra-esophageal symptoms.